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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoemission through thin dielectric coating films (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 466-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Photoemission through thin coating films was studied in the scope of protection of sensitive photocathodes. The transmission of low energy (∼1 eV) electrons was measured for a large number of dielectric films (LiF, NaF, CsF, NaI, MgF2, BaF2, SiO, SiO2, Al2O3, n-C36H74), evaporated in vacuum on CsI and CuI photocathodes. Some films like CsF, NaI and n-C36H74 were found to have a fairly large electron attenuation length, varying from about 20 to 100 Å at a maximum initial electron energy of 1 eV. A thin CsF layer deposited on top of CuI and Al photocathodes was found to significantly increase their quantum yield. An enhancement of the photoyield following exposure to water vapour was observed for alkali fluoride-coated photocathodes. We interpret this effect as a decrease of the electron affinity by about 0.3–0.4 eV, induced by adsorption of polarized H2O dipoles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364082
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron inelastic mean free path and stopping power modelling in alkali halides in the 50 eV–10 keV energy range (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6714-6721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A model for calculating the electron inelastic mean free path and stopping power in insulators in the 50 eV–10 keV energy range is presented. Both valence and core electron contributions have been considered. The valence part has been estimated following the dielectric theory modified to include the energy gap; the core contribution has been evaluated on the basis of the classical binary encounter theory. Inelastic mean free path and stopping power calculations based on this model have been performed for several alkali halides: LiF, NaCl, KCl and CsI. They are compared to existing experimental data and Penn model's predictions for the mean free path and to Bethe's values for the stopping power; a fair agreement is found for incident electron energies higher than 100-200 eV. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361491
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-energy electron transport in alkali halides (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4656-4662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A model of electron transport in alkali halides, below 10 eV, is described. It is based on theoretically calculated microscopic cross sections of electron interactions with lattice phonons. Both acoustic and optical scatterings are taken into account, the former being also treated as a quasielastic process that randomizes the electron motion. Monte Carlo calculations based on the model simulate the UV-induced photoelectron emission from CsI. The calculated quantum efficiency and energy spectra are in good agreement with experimental data, in the photon energy range of 6.3–8.6 eV. The probability for an electron to escape from CsI, NaCl, and KCl is provided as a function of its energy and creation depth. A comparison is made between our approach and other phenomenological models.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357303
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spatial characteristics of electron- and photon-induced secondary electron cascades in CsI (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1676-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Our microscopic model for electron transport in alkali halides was used for the calculation of the spatial characteristics of secondary electron cascades induced by x rays and electrons in an infinite CsI volume, in the energy range of 5–50 keV. The results show that the shape of the cascade cloud preserves the features of the primary interactions only at the core, where the cascade has an elongated, forward peaked shape for incident electrons and is spherically symmetric for photons. At the periphery the cloud is practically spherical, and of very low electron density. The maximal cascade dimensions do not exceed 10 μm at the highest considered energy. The impact of these characteristics on secondary electron emission from finite thickness CsI layers is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357708
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new technique for studying the Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8892-8898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A new method is presented for deriving the Fano factor, F, and the mean energy per ion pair, Wi, in counting gases. It is based on the technique of individual counting of single ionization electrons induced in low-pressure gas samples by soft x-ray photons. A correlation of the experimental data with a detailed simulation of the electron deposition and counting process permits the extraction of the Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair values. We present data of F and Wi for C2H6 and Ar/C2H6 over the energy range of 100–1500 eV. The energy dependence of these parameters reflects the atomic level structure of the gases. We discuss in detail the accuracy of this technique and its advantages and limitations. Ways are proposed for improving the technique and for broadening the energy range. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362619
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field enhancement of the photoelectric and secondary electron emission from CsI (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2138-2145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have measured the electron emission from a CsI-coated multiwire cathode, induced by ultraviolet photons and electrons, in vacuum at high electric fields. We found an enhancement in quantum efficiency of a factor of 1.5 at 160 nm, 3 at 185 nm, and 25 above 200 nm, at a field of 500 kV/cm. At the short wavelengths the amplitude of the effect is a linear function of the square root of the field strength. The enhancement of the electron-induced secondary electron emission yield is dependent on the primary electron energy: for energies above 1 keV it varies by a factor of 2 to 10. A simple model of the field enhancement of the photoemission is suggested. Practical applications are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358791
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of moderate heating on the negative electron affinity and photoyield of air-exposed hydrogen-terminated chemical vapor deposited diamond (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 8259-8264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The effect of moderate heating (200–300 °C) in vacuum on the photoemission from air-exposed hydrogen-terminated chemical vapor deposited diamond films was studied in the photon spectral range of 140–210 nm (8.9–5.9 eV). A three- to fivefold enhancement was observed, stable in high vacuum and in some high purity gases, but unstable in air. The surfaces were also examined by x-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet induced photoelectron spectroscopy before and after the heating process and upon exposure to air and to oxygen. The results provide good evidence that the strong dipole originating from H2O molecules absorbed on the diamond surface is responsible for the observed effect. A simple model is presented for quantitative estimation of the effect. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368395
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An improved model for ultraviolet- and x-ray-induced electron emission from CsI (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5841-5849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A microscopic theoretical model is proposed for calculating the characteristics of ultraviolet photoemission and x-ray secondary electron emission induced from CsI photoconverters. This approach is based on a realistic picture of the basic interactions of photons and induced electrons within the material. Both differential and integral emission characteristics, such as energy spectra and quantum efficiencies, are estimated according to the model and are found to agree, in general, with experimental data. The model-calculated photoemission enhancement under high external electric fields is also considered and is fairly compatible with measured values. The applicability of the model in the field of radiation detectors incorporating solid photoconverters is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371601
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monte Carlo simulations of secondary electron emission from CsI, induced by 1–10 keV x rays and electrons (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5429-5436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A model for electron transport and emission in CsI is proposed. It is based on theoretically calculated microscopic cross sections for electron interaction with the nuclear and the electronic components of the solid. A Monte Carlo program based on this model was developed to simulate secondary electron emission induced by x rays and electrons in the energy range of 1 to 10 keV. The calculated secondary emission yields agree with existing experimental data. The model provides all necessary characteristics for the design of radiation detectors based on secondary electron emission. It can be expanded to higher incident energies and other alkali halides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351984
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characteristics of secondary electron emission from CsI induced by x rays with energies up to 100 keV (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7506-7509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A microscopic model for low energy electron interaction in alkali halides was used to simulate secondary electron emission from CsI induced by x rays with energies up to 100 keV. The integral "current'' and "pulse'' yields were calculated as function of the x-ray energy, CsI convertor thickness, and angle of incidence. We observe a decrease in true low energy (〈50 eV) secondary electron yields at increasing x-ray energies and discuss the effectiveness of CsI convertors coupled to gaseous electron multipliers developed for fast, high resolution x-ray imaging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354975
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