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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nicotinamide – biologic actions of an emerging cosmetic ingredient (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Nicotinamide, the water-soluble amide of nicotinic acid, is a component of the two most important coenzymes – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thus nicotinamide is involved in numerous oxidation–reduction reactions in mammalian biological systems. Nicotinamide essentially acts as an antioxidant. Most effects are exerted via poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibition. Thus nicotinamide increasingly gains interest in the prevention and treatment of several skin diseases. It is well established in the systemic therapy of pellagra, a deficiency disease linked to nicotinic acid, but with respect to topical use there is still a need for further evidence with respect to its manifold potential uses. Currently, its local use is established in the care of acne-prone skin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00266.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo assessment of the efficacy of an innovative face care system in subjects with mild acne vulgaris (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The purpose of our studies was to verify efficacy and skin compatibility of a medical face care system containing 2% lactic acid (LA) as active ingredient in a specially designed vehicle (Follicle Targeting System) in adult subjects with mild acne vulgaris. The first study (46 patients) demonstrated superiority of 2% LA in comparison to 2% salicylic acid with respect to number of comedones and inflammatory lesions. The second study evaluated 90 patients receiving distinct combinations of face care products (Eucerin® Impure Skin, Hamburg, Germany), i.e. cleansing gel, facial tonic (2% LA) and cream gel (2% LA). All treatments were performed twice daily over a 12 weeks period. Lesion counts, cyanoacrylate biopsies and determination of quality of life by questionnaires were performed at different timepoints. A reduction of comedones by 56% corresponding to an 46% increase of quality of life index was demonstrated in patients applying cleansing gel, facial tonic and cream gel. For the first time we were able to show a significant improvement concerning the quality of life after using a new face care line. Especially adults with mild forms of acne may benefit from this effective skin care regimen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00225.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction of cultured human keratinocytes with liposomes encapsulating silver sulphadiazine: proof of the uptake of intact vesicles (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: There is evidence to suggest that human keratinocytes grown in vitro are capable of engulfing and subsequently disintegrating intact liposomes. However, as the liposomes used in this context did not carry an electron-dense marker, the possibility that the lamellar structures seen within the keratinocytes were composed of material produced within the cell could not be excluded. We therefore decided to investigate liposome-keratinocyte interaction using an electron-dense markerHuman keratinocytes obtained from juvenile foreskins were cultured in a serum-free medium, and subconfluent cultures were exposed to liposomally encapsulated and free silver sulphadiazine 1% (SSD). and a corresponding vehicle, for 5 min to 24 h. After fixation ultra-thin sections were analysed electron microscopically at magnifications of up to × 85.000Many keratinocytes treated with liposomal and free SSD showed marked damage to the plasma membranes and the cell organelles. The phagocytosis of intact liposomes was demonstrated by the appearance of silver-labelled unilamellar vesicles within the cytoplasm of undamaged keratinocytes. The labelled liposomes were found enclosed in cellular unit membranes. i. e. in Iysosomes. In addition, perinuclear disintegration and release of the entrapped marker were observed. Silver particles, as present in liposomally encapsulated SSD, were found to be adequate markers for electron microscopyOur results confirm the phagocytosis of intact liposomes by keratinocytes in vitroIn addition, the cytotoxic effects of liposomal (intended for the treatment of burns) and free SSD on human keratinocytes were studied in detail. Many keratinocytes treated for 10 min or more were severely affected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.29796.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Discrimination of the toxic potential of chemically differing topical glucocorticoids using a neutral red release assay with human keratinocytes and fibroblasts (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In inflammatory skin disease, hydrocortisone and prednisolone double esters are about equipotent to conventional medium potency topical glucocorticoids, such as betamethasone valerate. Local adverse effects, in particular skin atrophy, are a potential problem with topical glucocorticoids. Recently, cell cultures have shown promise as a means of assessing local tolerance.To investigate the toxic potential of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, hydrocortisone aceponate, prednicarbate, triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone valerate and desoximethasone, human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to these agents in vitro, using a modified neutral red release assay. In addition, the morphology of these cells was assessed by light microscopy.Although all the topical glucocorticoids tested proved toxic to both cell types, there were major differences between glucocorticoids in their effect on fibroblasts. Hydrocortisone and the nonhalogenated double-ester-type glucocorticoids were less toxic than the conventional medium potency topical glucocorticoids tested (betamethasone valerate and desoximethasone). In particular, hydrocortisone aceponate was less toxic than betamethasone valerate (P 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00070963:BJD54:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.05). In general, the effect of topical glucocorticoids on the cells, based on neutral red release, was more marked with keratinocytes than with fibroblasts. Although the ranking order with respect to the toxic potential was similar, a clear-cut difference was not observed between non-halogen a ted double-ester-type glucocorticoids and betamethasone valerate. Morphological changes due to glucocorticoid exposure followed the same pattern with both keratinocytes and fibroblasts.The neutral red release assay is able to discriminate between the cytotoxic effects of chemically differing topical glucocorticoids on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The present data support the hypothesis of an increase in benefit/risk ratio with the new double esters of hydrocortisone and prednisolone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02492.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liposomal tretinoin for uncomplicated acne vulgaris (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 1086-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Tretinoin ; Retinoic acid ; Liposomes ; Acne vulgaris ; Irritancy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Frequently occurring skin irritancy and flare-up reactions impede the use of topical tretinoin for acne vulgaris due to poor patient compliance. Liposome encapsulation improves penetration into the skin and local tolerability in animals. We investigated efficacy and local tolerability of liposomal tretinoin in man. In a double-blind study 20 patients with uncomplicated acne vulgaris received liposomal tretinoin (0.01 %) on one side of the body and a commercial gel preparation with either 0.025% or 0.05% on the other once daily for 10 weeks. Comedones and papules/pustules were counted every 2 (−4) weeks. Then also redness, scaling, and burning were rated according to a four-point scale. Moreover, the patients noted skin irritancy in a diary on a daily base. With conventional tretinoin the gels were equally efficacious and equally well tolerated. Liposomal tretinoin also appeared equipotent to the reference gels. There may even have been a slightly more rapid clearing of comedones following the liposome preparation. With respect to skin irritancy, however, liposomal tretinoin was superior. As rated by the patients, liposome encapsulated tretinoin induced less burning (mean cumulative score 2.7 ± 1.2) than the 0.025% gel (16.1 ± 7.1) and the 0.05% gel (9.7±4.1) gel and less erythema (1.8±0.7) than the 0.025% gel (11.4 ± 3.8; (P 〈 0.05). Liposomal tretinoin was also better tolerated according to the rating by the investigator. Liposomal encapsulation of tretinoin allows reduction of the concentration of the active agent without a decline in efficacy for acne vulgaris. Since local tolerability is thus increased, liposomal tretinoin should favor the acceptance of this treatment by the patient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577761
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular evidence for the existence of disseminated zoster as a distinct entity in an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Immunosuppression ; Disseminated zoster ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients are at substantially increased risk for the developement of varicella zoster virus infections. They are also more prone than immunocompetent patients to develop atypical zoster and to experience a protracted course, and among them there is a higher frequency of generalized infections with possible fatal outcome. While establishing the diagnosis is essential to provide adequate therapy, conventional laboratory methods frequently fail to confirm the suspected infection. We report on a 47-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed multiple necrotic cutaneous ulcers under immunosuppressive treatment. While electron-microscopic analysis (negative staining) revealed no viral structures, varicella zoster virus specific DNA was detected by polymerase chain re-action in material obtained by a swab from these ulcers. Atypical herpetic infection should also be considered as a cause of disseminated ulcerative or necrotic skin lesions in immunosuppressed patients. Assays based on polymerase chain reaction are useful for the rapid confirmation or rejection of the suspected diagnosis of atypical herpetic infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198905
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role ofCandida albicans secreted aspartic proteinase in the development of candidoses (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract AlthoughCandida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase ofC. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. WithinCandida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575445
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of topical erythromycin preparations for acne vulgaris on skin surface pH (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 644-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Erythromycin ; Topical treatment ; Acne vulgaris ; Skin surface pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Topical erythromycin is a standard regimen for inflammatory acne vulgaris because of its action against Propionibacterium acnes. Changes in P. acnes colonization are inducible by long-lasting changes of skin surface pH. Therefore, the influence of six erythromycin preparations with approximative pH values of 7.5 (preparation A) to 10.2 (C) on the skin surface pH was evaluated in healthy volunteers using a cross-over design. Following a 14-day run-in period, a constant skin surface pH (5.0) was found. Ten subjects received single doses 2–3 days apart; 20 volunteers applied preparations A and C for 28 days. Single doses of preparations A and E (pH 8.0) increased skin pH to 6.99 and 8.61, respectively, at 15 min; it then gradually declined. The other preparations induced only a minor rise of short duration. At the end of the long-term application, the skin surface pH amounted to 5.73 (A) and 5.39 (C). There was no correlation between the effect on skin surface pH and the approximative pH of the preparations. A close relation of single-dose and long term-effects was observed, however. The skin surface pH during the application of preparation A is high enough to increase P. acnes growth about fourfold as compared with normal skin and thus may counteract the antibacterial effect. Clinical relevance should be evaluated in a controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of preparation A with that of preparation C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184493
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin E ; Antioxidant ; Oxidative stress ; Photoaging ; Radical scavenge
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The generation of free oxygen radicals is believed to play an important pathogenic role in the development of various disorders. More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents such as ultraviolet light causing oxidative stress. In the skin this results in several short- and long-term adverse effects such as erythema, edema, skin thickening, wrinkling, and an increased incidence of skin cancer or precursor lesions. However, accelerated cutaneous aging under the influence of ultraviolet light, usually termed photoaging, is only one of the harmful effects of continual oxygen radical production in the skin. Others include cutaneous inflammation, autoimmunological processes, keratinization disturbances, and vasculitis. Vitamin E is the major naturally occurring lipid-soluble non-enzymatic antioxidant protecting skin from the adverse effects of oxidative stress including photoaging. Its chemistry and its physiological function as a major antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, in particular with respect to its photoprotective, antiphotoaging properties, are described by summarizing animal studies, in vivo tests on human skin and biochemical in vitro investigations. The possible therapeutic use in different cutaneous disorders, and pharmacological and toxicological aspects are discussed. Many studies document that vitamin E occupies a central position as a highly efficient antioxidant, thereby providing possibilities to decrease the frequency and severity of pathological events in the skin. For this purpose increased efforts in developing appropriate systemic and local pharmacological preparations of vitamin E are required.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203614
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteinase in the development of candidoses (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Although Candida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase of C. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. Within Candida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575445
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