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Digitale Medien

Patient-controlled epidural fentanyl following spinal fentanyl at Caesarean section (2002)

Cooper, D. W. ; Garcia, E. ; Mowbray, P. ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2044

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Spinal fentanyl can improve analgesia during Caesarean section. However, there is evidence that, following its relatively short-lived analgesic effect, there is a more prolonged spinal opioid tolerance effect. The effectiveness of postoperative epidural fentanyl analgesia may therefore be reduced following the use of spinal fentanyl at operation. This randomised, double-blind study was designed␣to assess whether patient-controlled epidural fentanyl could produce effective analgesia following 25 µg of spinal fentanyl at operation. Patients undergoing elective Caesarean section received spinal bupivacaine combined with either fentanyl 25 µg (fentanyl group; n = 18) or␣normal saline (saline group; n = 18). Patient-controlled epidural fentanyl was used for postoperative analgesia. The fentanyl group used a mean of 23.4 (SD 14.5) µg.h−1 of fentanyl, compared with 27.0 (10.8) µg.h−1 for the saline group (p = 0.41). Using a 0–100 mm visual analogue score for pain, the maximum pain score recorded at rest for the fentanyl group was median 24 [IQR 15–35] mm, compared with 15 [13–45] mm for the saline group (p = 0.41). The maximum pain score recorded on coughing for the fentanyl group was 29 [24–46] mm, compared with 27 [19–47] mm for the saline group (p = 0.44). Nine of the fentanyl group rated postoperative analgesia as excellent and nine as good, compared with 10 of the saline group who rated it as excellent and eight as good (p = 0.74). Epidural fentanyl can produce effective analgesia following the use of 25 µg spinal fentanyl at Caesarean section.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.2366_1.x

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Digitale Medien

Imperfections in axially loaded plane frames (1974)

Harung, H. S. ; Millar, M. A. ; Brotton, D. M.

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 8 (1974), S. 847-864

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ISSN: 0029-5981

Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

Notizen: A finite beam-column element computer program for the structural failure analysis of proportionally loaded skeletal plane frames is described. The program, which is based on an iterative stiffness approach, provides for non-linear elastic or plastic-non-linear elastic behaviour. Particular attention is given to the incorporation into the analysis of geometrical imperfections, return of elasticity at plastic hinges and negative frame stiffness. The effect of lack-of-fit displacements on the load-deflection path and failure load of frames that carry relatively large axial loads is described in general terms. The theory is developed further through the application of the computer program to two examples which show the necessity for the allowing for the effect of imperfections when designing axially loaded redundant frames.

Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.