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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adhesion and mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films prepared by a laser plasma discharge source (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1446-1453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Amorphic diamond films can be grown in an ultrahigh vacuum environment free from hydrogen with a laser plasma discharge source. This technique produces films that adhere more readily to materials for which there are important applications as protective coatings. In this work adhesion and mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films have been examined. A beam bending method has been used to measure the internal stress and a relatively low value of compressive stress was found. The dependence of stress on the laser intensities at the graphite ablation target has been studied. Analyses of these films on silicon, SiO2, ZnS, and TiAl6V4 by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show significant interfacial layers with compositions of SiC, C0.5SiO2, C2.5ZnS, and C0.62Ti0.35Al0.05V0.02, respectively. Adhesion properties on ZnS and other substrates have also been examined for harsh environments. The mechanical properties of hardness, Young's modulus, and stiffness have been obtained with a nanoindentation technique. These results together with the minimal amount of hydrogen in our process, make amorphic diamond an excellent candidate for direct deposition on several substrates including ZnS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351267
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructural analyses of amorphic diamond, i-C, and amorphous carbon (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Recent experiments have identified the microstructure of amorphic diamond with a model of packed nodules of amorphous diamond expected theoretically. However, this success has left in doubt the relationship of amorphic diamond to other noncrystalline forms of carbon. This work reports the comparative examinations of the microstructures of samples of amorphic diamond, i-C, and amorphous carbon. Four distinct morphologies were found that correlated closely with the energy densities used in preparing the different materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352168
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bonding of protective films of amorphic diamond to titanium (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 3260-3265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Films of amorphic diamond can be deposited from laser plasma ions without the use of catalysts such as hydrogen or fluorine. Prepared without columnar patterns of growth, the layers of this material have been reported to have "bulk'' values of mechanical properties that have suggested their usage as protective coatings for metals. Described here is a study of the bonding and properties realized in one such example, the deposition of amorphic diamond on titanium. Measurements with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy showed that the diamond coatings deposited from laser plasmas were chemically bonded to Ti substrates in 100–200-A(ring)-thick interfacial layers containing some crystalline precipitates of TiC. Resistance to wear was estimated with a modified sand blaster and in all cases the coating was worn away without any rupture or deterioration of the bonding layer. Such wear was greatly reduced and lifetimes of the coated samples were increased by a factor of better than 300 with only 2.7 μm of amorphic diamond.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351390
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructure of amorphic diamond films (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7862-7870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: It has been previously reported that layers of amorphic diamond can be grown in a UHV environment free from hydrogen with a laser plasma source. Some advantages are offered by this technique which produces films that adhere more readily to materials for which there are important applications. Theory has recently suggested a structure for amorphic diamond that comprises nodules of carbon atoms linked by sp3 bonds in a matrix of other polytypes and the purpose of this article is to communicate strong evidence in support of that hypothesis. Extensive examinations of a variety of films with a scanning tunneling microscope show a clearly prevalent structure composed of dense nodules. Grain size is about 1000 A(ring) and the diamond character is attested by the agreement of morphology, high density, optical properties, soft x-ray spectroscopy, hardness, and lack of appreciable hydrogen. Measurements agree in supporting a fraction of about 75% diamond contents. The principal conclusion is that this material prepared with a laser plasma source has the structure expected for amorphic diamond.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347519
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Compact flash x-ray source producing high average powers in nanosecond pulses (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2320-2325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: X-ray diodes driven by repetitively pulsed Blumleins have been shown to be able to deliver high dose rates of x rays in pulses of nanosecond duration. Reported here is a study of the scaling of such devices conducted to isolate the primary factors limiting performance. Low residual gas pressure in the output diode together with the critical alignment of the electrodes were found essential for enhanced output. Optimizations served to increase the x-ray yield by an order of magnitude and the resulting performance is reported. At the output window, dose rates exceeding 1.4 kR min−1 were obtained in nanosecond pulses from the finished device of table top size at a charging voltage of 30 kV and a pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143928
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser plasma source of amorphic diamond (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 216-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Amorphic diamond films characterized by a high percentage of sp3 bonds have been prepared in an UHV environment with a laser plasma source of carbon ions. Peak power densities in excess of 1011 W/cm2 were found necessary to produce films at growth rates of 0.5 μm/h over areas of 20 cm2 having optical quality sufficient to show bright interference colors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101013
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of high-energy photons from flash x-ray sources powered by stacked Blumlein generators (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 1448-1456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Described here is the design and construction of a pulse-power generator capable of discharging at high repetition rates. It consists of eight triaxial Blumleins stacked in series at one end. These lines are charged in parallel and synchronously commuted with a single thyratron at the other end to produce an open circuit voltage across a stack of six times the charging voltage. An x-ray diode has been constructed and matched to this pulse-power source making possible the emission of an average bremsstrahlung exposure rate of 17 R/S from a sequence of 40-ns pulses. When operated at 60-kV charging voltage, direct spectral measurements show the output to be a true continuum, peaking at intensities in excess of 5×108 photons/keV/shot and containing useful intensities of photons having energies of 300 keV.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141150
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flash x-ray source excited by stacked Blumlein generators (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2260-2264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Eight triaxial Blumleins have been stacked in series at one end while being synchronously commuted at the other end with a single hydrogen thyratron. Significant voltage gain has been maintained in the stack for periods of the order of 20 ns. Having no other switching elements, operation has been possible at repetition rates to 100 Hz. An x-ray diode has been matched to this pulse power source, making possible the emission of an average bremsstrahlung dose of 5.8 R/s from a sequence of 20-ns pulses. In less than 4 min of operation at 100 Hz, a dose of 1 kR could have been delivered to a target sample. When operated at 50-kV charging voltage, spectral measurements show the output to be a true continuum, peaking at intensities in excess of 2×108 keV/keV/shot and containing useful intensities of photons having energies of 150 keV.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139944
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scaling to high average powers of a flash x-ray source producing nanosecond pulses (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2103-2109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Described here is the scaling of a repetitively pulsed, flash x-ray source to yield 140-mW average power in 15-ns pulses of radiation near 1 A(ring). Interchangeability of discharge anodes has provided for a significant fraction of the output to be extracted in the K lines of Cu, Mo, Nb, and Ag. In less than 1 min of experimental time, a peak spectral density is radiated that exceeds 1×1018 keV/keV. For some applications this device can offer a tabletop alternative to laser plasma x rays and to synchrotron radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139471
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flash x-ray source of intense nanosecond pulses produced at high repetition rates (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 863-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Described here is a repetitively pulsed, flash x-ray source capable of emitting 35-mW average power in 6-ns pulses of radiation near 1.5 A. From this device a significant fraction of the output is represented by the K lines of copper, so that in less than 1 min of experimental time a peak spectral density is radiated that exceeds 2×1017 keV/keV. For some applications this device can offer a laboratory alternative to laser plasma x rays or synchrotron radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138826
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