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  • Electronic Resource  (87)
  • 2000-2004  (16)
  • 1995-1999  (59)
  • 1970-1974  (11)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Neuropeptide Responses to Starvation with Ageing (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During starvation, counterregulatory responses to loss of food (i.e. responses that lead to an increase in appetite) occur in the central nervous system (CNS). This study was designed to examine whether middle-aged rats show greater or smaller behavioural, peripheral and central hormonal responses during starvation compared to young rats. In experiment 1, refeeding following 4 days of starvation was measured in both middle-aged (72-week-old) and young (9-week-old) rats. The level of refeeding was similar to each prestarved level until 3 days after the end of starvation in both groups. From the 4th day, the level of refeeding in young rats increased and reached beyond the prestarved level, whereas refeeding in middle-aged rats remained similar to the prestarved level. Thus, overall refeeding throughout 7 days was greater in young rats than in middle-aged rats. In experiment 2, middle-aged and young rats were starved for 4 days and were killed in the morning. Middle-aged rats showed a smaller plasma corticosterone response than that of young rats. The magnitude of decreases in plasma glucose, insulin and leptin was similar in both groups. In the arcuate nucleus, the starvation-induced increase in neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA and the decrease in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA were smaller in middle-aged rats than in young rats. In contrast, the starvation-induced decrease in corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was greater in middle-aged rats than young rats. The magnitude of decrease in type-2 CRH receptor mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamus was similar in both groups. The results indicate that (a) ageing impaired refeeding response (b), middle-aged rats showed the same directional neuropeptide mRNA responses as seen in young rats during starvation and (c) the magnitude of these counterregulatory responses in the CNS in middle-aged versus young rats was not uniform, but rather was site-specific or neuropeptide-specific. This study suggests the importance of NPY and POMC responsiveness in the arcuate nucleus in the age-related differences resulting from starvation-induced refeeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00730.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexamethasone, but not IL-1 Alone, Upregulates Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Gene Expression and Production by Cultured Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells* (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the SAA1 and SAA2 protein isoforms (A-SAA) of the serum amyloid A (SAA) family of acute phase reactants have been found in a number of extrahepatic tissues; the site of synthesis of extrahepatic SAA remains to be clarified. To investigate site(s) of synthesis of the SAA protein localized to atherosclerotic plaque, expression of the SAA1 and SAA2 genes by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) was investigated. A-SAA protein isoforms were detectable by immunoblot analysis in the culture medium of HASMC. Both A-SAA and C-SAA (SAA4) mRNA isoforms were constitutively expressed by HASMC, but not, however, by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Expression of A-SAA mRNA by HASMC was upregulated by corticoid hormones including dexamethasone (Dex), corticosterone, hydrocortisone, and aldosterone, but not by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α alone. Dex stimulation of A-SAA mRNA was time and dose dependent from 6 to 48 h. The threshold concentration for upregulation of A-SAA mRNA in HASMC by Dex was between 0.1 and 1 nm. IL-1, known to upregulate extrahepatic A-SAA gene expression in other cell systems only slightly, if at all, upregulated Dex-induced A-SAA expression by HASMC. Thus, it is possible that some of the A-SAA protein in the vascular wall (atherosclerotic plaques) can originate from smooth muscle cells. In consideration of recent reports that A-SAA modulates the inflammatory process and lipid synthesis, A-SAA can potentially serve as a physiological regulator of smooth muscle cell homeostasis within that, in a disease state, participates in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00829.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered Expression of p53 mRNA in the Brain and Pituitary During Repeated Immobilization Stress: Negative Correlation with Glucocorticoid Receptor mRNA Levels (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In our previous study, apparent reduction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA was seen in the hippocampus and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during repeated immobilization (IMO) stress, but not following starvation. Our laboratory has also shown that the sp1 activates, whereas tumour suppressor p53 represses the promoter activity of GR gene. In an attempt to reveal the possibility that transcription factors such as sp1 and/or p53 are involved in the regulation of GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus and in the PVN in vivo, we examined the expression of GR mRNA, p53 mRNA, and sp1 mRNA in the hippocampus and in the PVN during repeated IMO and following starvation. In addition, the expression of these mRNAs was examined in the anterior pituitary, another GR-rich area. GR mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus was robustly decreased, while GR mRNA in the anterior pituitary was increased, 24 h following 4 × IMO (2 h daily, for 4 consecutive days) and immediately after 5 × IMO. GR mRNA in the PVN was significantly decreased immediately after 5 × IMO, but not at 24 h after 4 × IMO. Conversely, p53 mRNA in the PVN and hippocampus was increased, whereas p53 mRNA in the anterior pituitary was decreased, 24 h following 4 × IMO and immediately after 5 × IMO. Sp1 mRNA was unchanged in all areas examined following repeated IMO. Following 4 days of starvation, neither GR mRNA, p53 mRNA nor sp1 mRNA showed any changes in the PVN and the hippocampus, except there was a minor decrease in GR mRNA in CA1-2. In the anterior pituitary, 4 days of starvation induced a minor, but significant increase in GR mRNA, whereas it decreased p53 mRNA. Overall, regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between GR mRNA levels and p53 mRNA levels in CA1-2 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the anterior pituitary. GR mRNA in the PVN also showed a tendency towards the negative correlation with p53 mRNA levels. The results raise the possibility that p53 negatively regulates GR mRNA expression in the PVN, the hippocampus and the anterior pituitary during repeated immobilization stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01131.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional Regulation of Serum Amyloid A1 Gene Expression in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Involves CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins (C/EBP) and is Distinct From HepG2 Cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Regulation of acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) synthesis by proinflammatory cytokines and steroid hormones in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) is distinct from that in HepG2 cells. To study the cis- and trans-activating promoter element involved in the SAA1 gene expression by HASMCs and HepG2 cells, we constructed plasmid vectors for luciferase reporter gene assay with varying lengths of SAA1 upstream regulatory region (up to 1431 bp), and examined their response to proinflammatory cytokines and/or steroid hormones. The corresponding vectors with the SAA4 upstream regulatory region served as controls. The presence of proposed transcriptional regulatory factors binding to these regions was confirmed immunohistochemically.The sequences of 1478 and 1836 bp of the SAA1 and SAA4 5′-flanking regions were determined, respectively. SAA1 promoter transcription in cultured HASMCs was upregulated not by proinflammatory cytokines, but rather by glucocorticoids. This differed from HepG2 cells, in which SAA1 promoter transcription was upregulated synergistically by proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. The promoter activity of a series of truncated SAA1 promoter constructs measured using the reporter gene assay showed that the 5′-region from −252 to −175, containing a consensus site for CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α,β (C/EBPα,β), was essential for SAA1 induction in HASMCs. In HepG2 cells, the 5′-region from −119 to −79, containing a nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) consensus sequence, was essential for the induction. The functional significance of the C/EBP site as indicated by the immunohistochemical result was that in HASMCs anti-C/EBPβ reactivity was shifted from the cytoplasm to the nuclei.We have, therefore, demonstrated that the region containing the C/EBPα,β consensus binding site between the bases −252 and −175 is important for the glucocorticoid-induced SAA1 gene expression in HASMCs but not in HepG2 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01169.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cells participate in the induction and alignment of epidermal ends of arrector pili muscles of human fetal skin (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The follicular proximal ends of arrector pili muscles anchor the bulge areas of human hair follicles. However, the location of the ends of these muscles towards the epidermis, especially the fine points of attachment, is not fully understood. Conventional serial sections of the scalp skin of a 12-month-old infant were examined. Most of the distal ends were situated in the upper dermis. while some seemed to be in close contact with the epidermal basal layers. In vertical sections of the scalp skin of 16-week-old fetus, double immunoenzyme staining showed a close topographic correlation between the epidermal ends of the arrector pili muscles and the epidermal and dermal Merkel cells. These findings allow speculation that fetal Merkel cells participate in the induction and alignment of arrector pili muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.37788.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum theophylline concentration levels and preventative effects on exercise-induced asthma (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb01142.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific detection of anti-cell surface antibodies in herpes gestationis sera (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 42 herpes gestationis sera with immunofluorescence of normal human skin sections, and found that anti-keratinocyte cell surface antibodies were detected specifically in 10 herpes gestationis sera. The diagnosis of these herpes gestationis cases was confirmed by detecting antibodies against the 180 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen with immunoblotting of its fusion protein. The results of immunoadsorption assay using baculoproteins of both pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus antigens indicated that the herpes gestalionis sera did not recognize common pemphigus antigens. Immunoblotting of human epidermal extracts and immunofluorescence of various tissues also suggested that the sera did not recognize any other desmosomal components or paraneoplastic pemphigus antigens. The significance of this reactivity is unclear. However, because no control bullous pemphigoid sera showed this reactivity, it may suggest a different pathophysiology between herpes gestationis and bullous pemphigoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00101.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centrally mediated reflex vasodilation in the gingiva induced by painful tooth-pulp stimulation in sympathectomized human subjects (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to determine whether painful electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp induces centrally mediated reflex vasomotor changes in human gingiva and whether the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the vasomotor responses. Dynamic changes in maxillary gingival blood flow (GBF) following painful electrical stimulation of the mandibular lateral incisor were investigated, by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry, in both healthy volunteers and patients undergoing sympathetic blockade for hyperhidrosis. Increases in GBF were observed in both healthy volunteers and patients on the ipsilateral side without an increase in systemic blood pressure, but the evoked GBF increase disappeared when pain sensation was abolished by local anesthetization with 2% xylocaine solution. The vasodilator responses did not differ in amplitude between before and after the sympathectomy. These results suggest that painful tooth stimulation evokes centrally mediated reflex vasodilation, presumably via parasympathetic efferent fibers, in the human gingiva and that sympathetic vasomotor mechanisms are not involved in these responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.02635.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Estimation of Dark Muscle Content in the Mackerel Meat Paste and its Products Using Antisera Against Myosin Light Chains (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Based on the high level of extractability of myosin subunits (light chains), even after prolonged heat treatment of muscle, a new method to evaluate the dark muscle content in the fish meat and products of mackerel is proposed. Tissue-specific rabbit antisera with myosin light chains (A1 from ordinary muscle and D1 from dark muscle) from mackerel Scomber japonicus were obtained. Mackerel meat paste (surimi) was dissolved in 8 M urea containing 1% SDS, and diffused on agar plates containing antiserum against A1 or D1 by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). The results obtained showed that the area of halos formed in the plates was quite proportional to the content of dark muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15205.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF DEPLETION OF SERUM CALCIUM BY EGTA ON CANINE PANCREATIC SECRETION INDUCED BY DOPAMINE AND BY SECRETIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 1 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. Pancreatic secretion has been monitored in the isolated, blood-perfused canine pancreas, and the effects of depletion of serum calcium by infusion of EGTA on the increases in secretion produced by intra-arterial injections of dopamine and secretin have been investigated.2. Under resting conditions in preparations in dogs fasted for 24 h, the mean rate of pancreatic secretion was 16.4 μ1/min (s. e. m. = 2, n= 12). The mean concentrations of protein, bicarbonate and chloride in the pancreatic juice were 53.8 mg/ml (s. e. m. = 4.5), 18.0 mmol/1 (s. e. m. = 1.1) and 122.5 mmol/1 (s. e. m. = 7.5), respectively. Infusion of EGTA had no effect on resting secretion.3. Secretion elicited by dopamine or secretin was diminished about 50% during the intra-arterial infusion of EGTA (10−2 mM/ml) in the perfusing blood. The protein concentration in the secretion was diminished to a similar extent. The concentrations of bicarbonate and chloride in the pancreatic juice was not modified by EGTA infusion.4. Concomitant infusion of an equimolar concentration of CaCl2 solution abolished the inhibitory effects of EGTA infusion on the secretory responses to dopamine or secretin.5. The results suggest that dopamine and secretin influence the exocrine secretions of the pancreas by actions on both acinar and ductular cells. Acinar cell secretion is more susceptible to depletion of serum calcium levels than is secretion from ductular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1974.tb00551.x
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