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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep Levels in Bulk-ZnSe Grown by Bridgman Method (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 78-79 (Apr. 2001), p. 367-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/26/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.78-79.367.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cyclosporin A and glucocorticosteroids on antigen-induced hypersensitivity to histamine in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Hypersensitivity — Allergic rhinitis — Guinea pig — Cyclosporin A — Glucocorticosteroid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: In an attempt to study the pathogenesis of mucosal hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis, we investigated the suppressive effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) and glucocorticosteroids on ovalbumin (OA)-induced hypersensitivity to topical histamine challenge.¶Materials: Actively sensitized Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.¶Treatment: OA and alum were applied to guinea pigs intraperitoneally 3 times at two-week intervals. After general sensitization, OA inhalation was performed every day for 6 days as topical sensitization. Before inhalation, treatment with CyA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), glucocorticosteroids (beclomethasone propionate (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), fluticasone propionate (FP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)) or vehicle were performed, and the sensitivity to histamine was measured before and after the inhalation. Moreover, in actively (general and topical) sensitized guinea pigs, FP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was applied every day for 5 days and histamine sensitivity was evaluated before and after the application.¶Results: We found that histamine sensitivity was significantly increased by nasal antigen challenge in this guinea pig model, and that the occurrence of histamine hypersensitivity was inhibited by the pretreatment with CyA and glucocorticosteroids. Although multiple administration of FP gradually reduced the histamine hypersensitivity according to the period of administration, it did not significantly alter the histamine hypersensitivity after the occurrence of hypersensitivity.¶Conclusion: It is concluded that CyA and glucocorticosteroids suppress antigen-induced histamine hypersensitivity in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050274
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of three inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on host resistance to bacterial infection (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) ; NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) ; N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine (L-NIO) ; Septic shock ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of three nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on survival in a murine sepsis model.Design: Prospective randomized experimental trials.Setting: Laboratory.Subjects: Female Balb/c mice.Interventions:Escherichia coli (108 colony-formingunits/body) were injected into the peritoneal cavities of Balb/c mice. NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, or N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine was given at various concentrations, intraperitoneally, one hour before bacterial challenge.Measurements: One hundred and fifteen animals were observed for survival.Results: These inhibitors provided the mice no protection from the bacterial challenge. Notably, pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (100 mg/kg i.p.) actually reduced survival time afterE. coli challenge.Conclusions: Inhibition of nitric oxide production improved neither the survival time nor rate in this murine sepsis model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265161
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life histories of Neocalanus flemingeri and Neocalanus plumchrus (Calanoida: Copepoda) in the western subarctic Pacific (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Life cycles of large suspension-feeding copepods were investigated in the western subarctic gyre (Oyashio area). Two populations were recognized in Neocalanus flemingeri by body size, life cycle and timing of ontogenetic migration. Small forms (same size as original description; adult female ca. 3.6 mm in prosome length) have a 1-year life cycle and occurred at the surface between December and June. At least some individuals of large forms (adult female ca. 4.5 mm in prosome length) have a biennial life cycle with winter dormancy as Stage 4 copopodites (C4) and adult females. The young copepodites of the large form occur in the surface water later than the small forms, then grow to C4 with full deposition of lipid. The following year, the C4 individuals start grazing in January, and sink to deep layers at the same time as the small forms. The life cycle of Neocalanus plumchrus was identical to the original description made for the Alaskan gyre population, although the recruitment to the surface layer during copepodite stages occurred 2 weeks to a month later than in other areas of the subarctic Pacific. Temporal partitioning of surface habitat utilization between N. plumchrus and the small form of N. flemingeri was clearly established, but overlap was observed between N. plumchrus and the large form of N. flemingeri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050654
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel feeding behavior of neritic copepods during spring and fall blooms in Akkeshi Bay, eastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ diel feeding behavior of neritic copepods was investigated using the gut fluorescence method, during spring and fall bloom periods in Akkeshi Bay, on the eastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Acartia omorii and Paracalanus sp. were the dominant species during the fall, and Pseudocalanus spp. and A. longiremis during the spring. During both bloom periods, diel rhythms were always observed for the gut pigment contents of these dominant copepods, although there were interspecific differences in the pattern. The maximum gut pigment content was always observed during the night and the minimum during the day. For all species, except Paracalanus sp., the average gut pigment content during the night was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than during daytime by factors of between 1.5 and 2.7. There were no significant differences between the gut evacuation rate constants determined during the day and the night, and initial gut pigment content had no effect on the value of gut evacuation rate constants. The instantaneous ingestion rates of individual copepods calculated from gut pigment and the mean value of gut evacuation rate constants followed the same diel rhythms as gut pigment contents. Copepod daily ingestion rates were higher than the daily requirements for respiration during both bloom periods. Estimated daily ration was 40 to 91% of body carbon during the fall bloom, and 17 to 28% during the spring bloom. The higher daily rations during fall were probably due to the difference in in situ temperature (ca. 14°C).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350764
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on dimensionless criterion of fracture of closed pipe due to freezing of water (1986)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 20 (1986), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Druckanstieg bei Einfrieren eines in Rohren eingeschlossenen Wassers experimentell und mittels theoretischer Berechnungen bei unterschiedlichen Werten von Wärmübergang und Umgebungstemperatur und unter Berücksichtigung der Verformung der Rohrwand berechnet. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, daß das vorgestellte Modell die tatsächlichen Phänomene gut wiedergibt und die vorgeschlagenen dimensionslosen Parameter für die Berechnung des Druckanstieges und die Berücksichtigung der Wärmeübergangsbedingungen geeignet sind. Die Tangentialspannung wurde in dimensionsloser Form analysiert, um die Abhängigkeit von der modifizierten Biot-Zahl und von dem Verhältnis von Wandstärke zu Radius des Rohres zu klären. Es wird auch gezeigt, daß die kritische modifizierte Fourier-Zahl beträchtlich erhöht werden kann, wenn man eine Gaszone im Zentrum des Rohres einführt. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, daß das Kriterium für den Einfrierbruch des Rohres als Kombination dimensionsloser Parameter ausgedrückt werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract The pressure rise due to freezing of water enclosed in pipes has been studied, by means of theoretical computation and experiments, under the various heat transfer conditions and ambient temperatures, taking deformation of pipe walls into account. It has been found that the presented models well represent the actual phenomena and dimensionless parameters proposed are effective for correlating the pressure rises, the conditions of heat transfer, dimensions of the pipes. The tangential stress has been analyzed in dimensionless form to clarify its dependabilities on the modified Biot number and the ratio of thickness of a pipe wall and its radius. It has also shown thatF crit, the critical Fourier number, can be considerably increased by introducing a void area at the center of pipes and the criterion of freezing fracture of pipes can be expressed as a combination of the dimensionless parameters presented in the report.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002423
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The A1 noradrenergic region enhances the responsivity of hypothalamic paraventricular neurohypophyseal neurons to inputs from the subfornical organ in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 586-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: A1 noradrenergic region ; Subfornical organ ; Paraventricular neurohypophyseal neuron ; Microiontophoresis ; Adrenoceptor antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of the A1 noradrenergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla on the responsiveness of neurohypophyseal neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to inputs from the subfornical organ (SFO) was examined in antidromically identified PVN neurons that respond to electrical stimulation of both the SFO and A1 region. In both putative vasopressin (VP)- and oxytocin (OXY)-secreting PVN neurons that were classified according to their spontaneous firing patterns and their responsivity to baroreceptor activation, prior stimulation of the A1 region did not affect the short latency brief duration excitatory response induced by SFO stimulation. Simultaneous stimulation of the A1 region significantly enhanced the long latency prolonged excitatory response induced by SFO stimulation and the enhancement was blocked by microiontophoretically applied phentolamine, and α-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not by timolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist. Simultaneous stimulation of the A1 region also significantly enhanced the inhibitory response induced by SFO stimulation and the enhancement was blocked by microiontophoretically applied timolol, but not by phentolamine. These results suggest that the A1 region may act to enhance the partial excitatory (via an α-adrenoceptor mechanism) and inhibitory SFO inputs (via a β-adrenoceptor mechanism) to the PVN neurohypophyseal neurons as a modulatory action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249801
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus connections with median preoptic nucleus neurons: an electrophysiological study in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 579-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Median preoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Angiotensin II ; Vasopressin neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of pathways from the subfornical organ (SFO) to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) through the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in regulating the activity of putative vasopressin (VP)-secreting neurons in the PVN was examined in urethane-anesthetized male rats. The activity of the majority (79%) of SFO neurons antidromically identified as projecting to the MnPO was excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (ANG II) and the effect was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an ANG II antagonist. Identified SFO neurons that were excited by MIPh-applied ANG II were also excited by intravenously administered ANG II. Electrical stimulation of the SFO produced orthodromic excitation (48%) or inhibition (24%) of the activity of MnPO neurons antidromically identified as projecting to the PVN. Identified MnPO neurons that were excited by SFO stimulation were also excited by MIPh-applied ANG II, while the remaining neurons were not affected. The excitatory responses to SFO stimulation and to MIPh-applied ANG II were both blocked by MIPh-applied Sar, whereas the inhibitory responses to SFO stimulation were not affected. ANG II injected into the region of the SFO produced either an excitation (55%) or no effect (45%) on the activity of identified MnPO neurons. Electrical stimulation of the MnPO produced orthodromic excitation (27%) or inhibition (23%) of the activity of putative VP-secreting PVN neurons. ANG II injected into the region of the MnPO produced either an excitation (31%) or no effect (69%) on the activity of putative VP-secreting PVN neurons. These observations reveal some possible interconnections between three brain regions and suggest that circulating ANG II excites a population of neurons projecting from the SFO to the MnPO, and that these neurons themselves release ANG II as an excitatory transmitter on part of MnPO neurons projecting to the PVN, thereby causing enhanced activity of putative VP-secreting PVN neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent pathways from the region of the subfornical organ to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: an electrophysiological study in the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Angiotensin II ; Acetylcholine ; Vasopressin neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-three neurons in the region of the subfornical organ (SFO) were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in male rats under urethane anesthesia. Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist. In these units, 12 were also excited by MIPh applied acetylcholine (ACh) while 11 were not affected and the effect of ACh was attenuated by not only MIPh applied Atr, but also Sar, suggesting that not only neurons specific for AII, but also neurons sensitive to both AII and ACh project to the PVN in the region of the SFO. Intravenously administered AII excited the activity of both types of units in the region of the SFO. Microinjected AII or ACh into the region of the SFO excited the activity of putative vasopressin (VP)-secreting units in the PVN. These results suggest that neurons projecting to the PVN in the region of the SFO may act to enhance the activity of putative VP-secreting neurons in the PVN in response to circulating AII.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236029
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventrolateral medullary neurons projecting to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area through the medial forebrain bundle: an electrophysiological study in the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventrolateral medullary neuron ; Medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area ; Medial fore-brain bundle ; 6-hydroxydopamine ; Noxious stimulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 152 ventrolateral medullary neurons was antidromically stimulated from both the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (MPOAH) and the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in urethane anesthetized rats. These neurons were located primarily dorsal to the lateral reticular nucleus and could be readily classified in at least two groups, type I and type II cells on the basis of electrophysiological properties. The action potentials of type I cells had a shorter duration, and their conduction velocities ranged from 0.45 to 3.1 m/s. By contrast, type II cells, most predominantly observed, were characterized by a longer duration and an unusual shape of their action potential, and the antidromic propagation into the somatodendritic complex was often blocked. The conduction velocity (mean = 0.21 m/s) and absolute refractory period (mean = 2.63 ms) of type II cells are consistent with them having fine non-myelinated axons. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), but not 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, directly into the MFB blocked antidromic responses of 57% of type II cells tested. The residual type II cells whose antidromic responses were not affected by 6-OHDA were located significantly rostral to the 6-OHDA sensitive cells. Neither antidromic response of type I cells tested, on the other hand, was affected by 6-OHDA. The majority of type I cells were dramatically activated by noxious pinches of the tail, whereas the noxious stimuli produced no detectable change in the firing of type II cells. These data demonstrate that ventrolateral medullary neurons projecting to the MPOAH through the MFB are comprised of at least three distinct populations: 6-OHDA resistant fast conducting cells with somatic afferents, 6-OHDA sensitive and resistant slow conducting cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236854
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