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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid Peptide Aβ1-42 Binds Selectively and with Picomolar Affinity to α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have recently reported evidence that a very high affinity interaction between the β-amyloid peptide Aβ1-42 and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) may be a precipitating event in the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the kinetics for the binding of Aβ1-42 to α7nAChR and α4β2nAChR were determined using the subtype-selective nicotinic receptor ligands [3H]methyllycaconitine and [3H]cytisine. Synaptic membranes prepared from rat and guinea pig cerebral cortex and hippocampus were used as the source of receptors. Aβ1-42 bound to the α7nAChR with exceptionally high affinity, as indicated by Ki values of 4.1 and 5.0 pM for rat and guinea pig receptors, respectively. When compared with the α7nAChR, the affinity of Aβ1-42 for the α4β2nAChR was ∼5,000-fold lower, as indicated by corresponding Ki values of 30 and 23nM. The results of this study support the concept that an exceptionally high affinity interaction between Aβ1-42 and α7nAChR could serve as a precipitating factor in the formation of amyloid plaques and thereby contribute to the selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons that originate in the basal forebrain and project to the cortex and hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751155.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering of Zirconia Nanopowder by Microwave-Laser Hybrid Process (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new hybrid sintering process has been developed by replacing all but one laser by microwaves in the existing simultaneous multiple laser process (SIMPLE). Microwave energy has been used to preheat the material before laser radiation, and the synergism between microwave and laser energies could effectively heat the material to temperatures of 1700°C and beyond in just a few minutes. Using this process, rapid sintering of 3Y–ZrO2 (3Y–TZP) pellets has been achieved in a few minutes. Microstructural investigations reveal that the microwave–laser hybrid sintered pellets of 3Y–ZrO2 have nanograins averaging about 20 nm. The microwave–laser hybrid sintering process can clearly be a new approach for fabrication of nanoceramics and nanocomposites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01806.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilot randomized controlled study of dexamphetamine substitution for amphetamine dependence (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: 
 Aims. To test the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomized controlled trial of dexamphetamine substitution for amphetamine dependent people and provide preliminary data. 
Design. An open, two-group pre-post randomized controlled trial. 
Participants. Forty-one long-term, dependent amphetamine users seeking treatment. 
Intervention. Twenty subjects were offered weekly counselling. Twenty-one subjects were, in addition, prescribed up to 60 mg dexamphetamine daily. 
Measurements. Immunoassay and mass spectrometric urinalysis techniques were used to identify the presence of amphetamine and methylamphetamine in urine. The Opiate Treatment Index and Severity of Dependence Scale were used to collect pre- and post-self-report data. Subjects were screened using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. 
Findings. Reduced street amphetamine use and amphetamine dependence was observed both in subjects prescribed dexamphetamine and subjects receiving counselling only. Treatment subjects appeared more likely to attend counselling. 
Conclusions. A definitive randomized controlled trial of dexamphetamine substitution using the techniques and instruments piloted in this study is feasible. Users appeared to be attracted and retained in substitution treatment. The intervention also appeared to be acceptable to clinicians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96912898.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute increase in femoral artery resistance in response to direct physical stimuli in the human fetus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine whether fetal response to needling resembles the fetal ‘brain sparing’ response seen with hypoxaemia.Design Prospective observational study.Setting Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London.Population Eighty-five pregnant women undergoing invasive procedures associated with fetal prenatal diagnosis and/or management.Methods The femoral artery and the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index were measured by Doppler ultrasonography before and after 89 invasive procedures (fetal blood sampling, transfusion, bladder or cyst aspiration, shunt insertion and amniocentesis, between 17 and 36 weeks). Cases in which the fetal body was transgressed were compared with ‘control’ fetuses undergoing invasive procedures which did not directly involve needling the fetus (amniocentesis and placental cord insertion procedures).Main outcome measures Femoral artery and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index.Results The femoral artery pulsatility index rose after transgression [median change (Δ) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.98]. In contrast, there was no significant change in femoral artery pulsatility index after non-transgression procedures (mean Δ 0.28; 95% CI −0.20 to 0.76). Analysis confirmed the fall in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index after transgression procedures (median Δ−0.19; 95% CI −0.07 to −0.35), but there was also a significant fall in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index after non-transgression procedures (mean Δ−0.47; 95% CI −0.23 to −0.71).Conclusions The human fetus mounts a peripheral haemodynamic response to invasive procedures involving transgression of the fetal body, which is consistent with the brain sparing effect. However, the change in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index in both transgression and control procedures suggests that the changes and mechanisms may be more complex than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.02373.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotic-induced SOS response promotes horizontal dissemination of pathogenicity island-encoded virulence factors in staphylococci (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although mobile genetic elements have a crucial role in spreading pathogenicity-determining genes among bacterial populations, environmental and genetic factors involved in the horizontal transfer of these genes are largely unknown. Here we show that SaPIbov1, a Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island that belongs to the growing family of these elements that are found in many strains, is induced to excise and replicate after SOS induction of at least three different temperate phages, 80α, φ11 and φ147, and is then packaged into phage-like particles and transferred at high frequency. SOS induction by commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, also results in replication and high-frequency transfer of this element, as well as of SaPI1, the prototypical island of S. aureus, suggesting that such antibiotics may have the unintended consequence of promoting the spread of bacterial virulence factors. Although the strains containing these prophages do not normally contain SaPIs, we have found that RF122-1, the original SaPIbov1-containing clinical isolate, contains a putative second pathogenicity island that is replicated after SOS induction, by antibiotic treatment, of the prophage(s) present in the strain. Although SaPIbov1 is not induced to replicate after SOS induction in this strain, it is transferred by the antibiotic-activated phages. We conclude that SOS induction by therapeutic agents can promote the spread of staphylococcal virulence genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04584.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF SOURCE BASINS ON DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Chemical variability in the Mississippi River during water years 1989 to 1998 was evaluated using stream discharge and water-quality data in conjunction with the DAFLOW/BLTM hydraulic model. Model simulations were used to identify subbasin contributions of water and chemical constituents to the Mississippi River upstream from its confluence with the Ohio and the Mississippi River and at the Atchafalaya Diversion in Louisiana. Concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, and sulfate at the Thebes site showed a general decreasing trend, and concentrations of silica and nitrate showed a general increasing trend as the percentage of discharge from the Mississippi River upstream from Grafton increased. Concentrations of most chemical constituents in the Mississippi River at the Atchafalaya Diversion exhibited a decreasing trend as the percentage of water from the Ohio River increased. Regression models were used to evaluate the importance of the source of water to the water chemistry in the Mississippi River at Thebes and the Atchafalaya Diversion. The addition of terms in regression equations to account for the percent of water from sub-basins improved coefficients of determination for predicting chemical concentrations by as much as nine percent at the Thebes site and by as much as 48 percent at the Atchafalaya Diversion site. The addition of source-water terms to regression equations increased the estimated annual loads of nitrate and silica delivered from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico by as much as 14 and 13 percent, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00998.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerning invasive species: Reply to Brown and Sax (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Austral ecology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Biological invasions have commonly occurred, and to a lesser degree continue to do so, without human assistance. It is, however, a combination of the rate and magnitude, as well as the distances and agency involved, that separates human-driven invasion processes from self-perpetuated colonization events. Exotic species are a pervasive and major component of human-induced global change. Decisions to manage invasive species will require judgements to be communicated from scientists to policy makers, because scientists may often be the only ones in the position to make them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01505.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive oxygen species metabolism in desiccation-stressed thalli of the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 122 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rates of extracellular superoxide radical formation were estimated in the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta (SW) Nees. Initial experiments showed that D. hirsuta produced extracellular superoxide at high rates, even when unstressed, and that production increased considerably during rehydration following mild desiccation stress. Experiments in which desiccation was artificially induced using polyethylene glycol showed that superoxide was produced during rehydration rather than desiccation. Incubation of plants in water induced the release about 23% of the superoxide-producing activity, although most appeared to be tightly bound to the cell surface. Experiments with metabolic inhibitors indicated that superoxide production was insensitive to the flavoprotein inhibitor DPI, but inhibited by cyanide, suggesting that peroxidases may produce the superoxide. Despite producing large amounts of superoxide, D. hirsuta only produced small quantities of hydrogen peroxide, the natural product of superoxide dismutation. However, experiments showed that D. hirsuta can reduce the concentration of exogenously supplied hydrogen peroxide from 50 µM to zero within 1 h, suggesting that any hydrogen peroxide produced is rapidly metabolized. The physiological significance of superoxide production is discussed, with special reference to its possible role as a defence against pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00333.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practitioner Review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  Parents of children with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for stress and other mental health problems. The purpose of the present review is to consider the evidence base for psychological intervention to remediate stress in these parents.Methods:  A selective review of interventions designed to reduce stress in parents of children with intellectual disabilities, with a focus on group interventions that incorporate various cognitive behavioural techniques.Results:  Research evidence suggests that standard service models (e.g., respite care, case management) probably help to reduce parental stress. The strongest evidence base is for cognitive behavioural group interventions, especially for the reduction of stress in mothers. Some data also indicate the potential value of parent-led support networks.Conclusions:  More research and clinical development are needed to establish a firmer evidence base for stress interventions with parents of children with intellectual disabilities. There are also a number of potential practical implications of reducing parental stress for maximising the efficacy of general parent training interventions and also behavioural programmes for children's challenging behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00357.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ): refining the behavioural phenotype of Rett syndrome (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: Although physical features, including loss of hand skills, deceleration of head growth, spasticity and scoliosis, are cardinal features of Rett syndrome (RS), a number of behavioural features are also associated with the disorder, including hand stereotypies, hyperventilation and breath holding. No study has tested the specificity of these behavioural features to individuals with RS, compared to individuals with severe to profound mental retardation (SMR).Method: A novel checklist of characteristic RS behavioural and emotional features, the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ), was developed to test the type and specificity of behavioural features of RS against those found in girls with SMR.Results: After controlling for the effects of RS-related physical disabilities, the RSBQ discriminated between the groups. Some aspects of the behaviours found to be specific to RS are included in the necessary or supportive RS diagnostic criteria, notably hand behaviours and breathing problems. Additional behavioural features were also more frequently reported in the RS than the SMR group, including mood fluctuations and signs of fear/anxiety, inconsolable crying and screaming at night, and repetitive mouth and tongue movements and grimacing.Conclusions: Full validation of the scale requires confirmation of its discriminatory power and reliability with independent samples of individuals with RS and SMR. Further delineation of the specific profile of behaviours seen in RS may help in identification of the function of the MECP2 gene and in improved differential diagnosis and management of individuals with RS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00236
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