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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pulp and paper effluent on a marine fish, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 48 (1992), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195646
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-Related Changes in Cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, Living Near a Paper Mill (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 442 -447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900354
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of radiosonde humidity observations in mid-latitude NWP (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 60 (1996), S. 3-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary We compare radiosonde observations of relative humidity with NWP versions of the Meteorological Office Unified Model, and attempt to understand the causes of the systematic differences seen. The differences are found to have a different structure in cyclonic and anticyclonic situations over the UK. In cyclonic situations the mid-tropospheric temperature and humidity differences could be due to model biases, consistent with the conservation of energy; the latent heating from precipitation of the model's excess moisture would remove the model's cold bias. There is also some evidence for observational bias. Wetting of the sonde sensor in cloud can cause a moist bias at higher levels. The Väisala RS80 sonde also appears to have a dry bias near saturation. The Unified Model has a parameterisation for stratiform cloud which calculates the fractional cloud cover in a gridbox from the box-average relative humidity, allowing for sub-grid-scale variability within the box. This scheme has been tuned to give reasonable cloud amounts with the model's relative humidities. The cloud amounts implied (by the scheme) for radiosonde relative humidities are systematically less than the observed cloud. So assimilation of the observed humidities can significantly degrade analyses and predictions of cloud. Bias corrections for the radiosonde humidities have been calculated to compensate for this. Experiments have been performed to test the effect of the bias correction on the assimilation and prediction of cloud and precipation. With the control system, cloud cover and precipitation spins-up during the forecast period; the bias correction improves this. A large improvement was also found when the relationship between the temperature and humidity assimilation was changed; it is better to assume that temperature and relative humidity errors are uncorrelated, rather than temperature and specific humidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029782
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Psychiatric Care Satisfaction Questionnaire: a reliability and validity study (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patient satisfaction can be a useful marker in evaluating the quality of psychiatric care. However, this form of measurement has been hampered by the lack of attention paid to the psychometric properties of instruments devised. The Psychiatric Care Satisfaction Questionnaire (PCSQ) was developed and tests of acceptability, validity and reliability were undertaken using 52 inpatients. Content validity was assessed by surveying psychiatrists, other mental health professionals, MIND workers and patient groups. Thirty-six (67.9%) of all mental health professionals felt that the questionnaire was a useful measure of patients' satisfaction with their care, and many comments also suggested high consensual validity. In terms of content validity, responses from patient groups indicated that the majority (63.6%) felt it to be a useful measure of patient satisfaction and 70.5% felt all the areas covered were important. Concurrent and criterion validity were also good, with high correlations with existing scales and with those on a section being significantly less satisfied on the PCSQ (F = 13.3, P = 0.0004). Test-retest reliability was adequate (Cohen's κ 0.48–0.80) and the internal consistency of the PCSQ was good, at 0.82 (Cronbach's α). The PCSQ performed well in all aspects of validity and reliability, indicating that it has good psychometric properties and can be a useful tool for measuring patient satisfaction. However, there remains the need to analyse more closely the concept of satisfaction and its determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050120
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication of psychiatric diagnosis (1997)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 33 (1997), S. 32-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined whether psychiatric patients knew their diagnosis, the significance they attached to it, and the impact of being informed in a systematic fashion according to their wishes. We also assessed whether the nature of the psychiatric diagnosis influenced what patients were told by their psychiatrists. The three parts of the study included questionnaire responses from 28 consultant psychiatrists; case-note reviews and questionnaire responses of 200 adult psychiatric in-patients; and a pilot study informing 28 adult psychiatric day hospital patients of their diagnosis according to their wishes. The results showed that of 126 in-patients, 53% had not been told their diagnosis, although most wanted to know. Of those informed, 75% agreed with their diagnosis. The majority of patients considered a psychiatric diagnosis to be as real as a physical diagnosis and helpful in their treatment. Patients with schizophrenia were less likely to have been informed of their diagnosis, and psychiatrists were also more reticent regarding the diagnosis of personality disorder. All patients who were systematically informed, in the pilot study, agreed with their diagnosis. We conclude that most patients agree with their diagnosis and its usefulness. All patients should be asked whether they want to know their diagnosis and be informed appropriately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050019
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) sampled near a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated anomalies in two species of benthic sculpins (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. scorpius) inhabiting a marine inlet in Newfoundland, Canada, where effluent from a pulp and paper mill is discharged and from two reference sites. Condition factor of both species of sculpins from the polluted and a reference site was similar. Some differences in parasite fauna were observed. Tissues from reference fish, obtained from two uncontaminated sites for comparison, were normal. Impaired vision, fin and tail necrosis, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, depletion of energy reserves in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen were observed primarily in M. octodecemspinosus captured near the paper mill. These stress-associated lesions, probably caused by undetermined xenobiotics, appear to be associated with the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214152
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) living adjacent to a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter flounder were captured by scuba divers from an area adjacent to a sulfite pulp and paper mill and from a reference site and the tissues examined for lesions. Severe hyperplasia of the gills, focal vacuolation in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen and liver were most pronounced in large, adult fish collected near the mill. Lesions were less severe and prevalent in smaller fish. Vacuolation in the liver represents a preneoplastic lesion. The histopathological changes appear to be the result of chronic exposure. Few or no lesions were observed in the tissues of flounder taken from the reference site. Although the specific cause of these lesions is unknown, it is likely associated with cytotoxic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212799
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paternal origin of new mutations in Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 343 (1990), S. 558-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fourteen three-generation families were identified in which a new mutation to NF-1 had occurred in a single individual in the second generation. DNA typing of these families for loci closely linked to NF-1 (results summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 1) showed that in 12 of the 14 cases, it was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343558a0
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response from the authors (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 974-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374485
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400248
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