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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paris : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Revue de littérature comparée. 69:2 (1995:avril/juin) 225 
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  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paris : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Revue de littérature comparée. 69:3 (1995:juil./sept.) 341 
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 380 (1996), S. 47-49 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Whereas hydrogen absorption at z 〉 2 can be observed with ground-based optical telescopes, He n Lyman-a has a rest wavelength of 304 A and can only be observed with an ultraviolet telescope. Singly ionized helium gas is accessible only at z 〉 2, as the interstellar medium in our own Galaxy is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A previously reported statistical model based on a combination of four parameters (total polymorphonuclear cell count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF/blood glucose ratio, age and month of onset) appeared effective in differentiating acute viral meningitis (AVM) from acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). The objectives of this study were to validate this model on a large independent sample of patients with acute meningitis and to build and validate a new model based on this sample. Of 500 consecutive cases of community-acquired meningitis reviewed retrospectively, 115 were ABM, 283 were AVM and 102 were of uncertain etiology. For each of the ABM and AVM cases, the probability of ABM versus AVM (pABM) was calculated for both models. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values as well as areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for both models. The original model proved an accurate and reliable diagnostic test. Its area under the ROC curve was 0.981. For pABM=0.1, its negative and positive predictive values were 0.99 and 0.68, respectively. The new model retained four slightly different independent variables: CSF protein level, total CSF polymorphonuclear cell count, blood glucose level and leukocyte count. Its area under the ROC curve was 0.991 and, for pABM=0.1, its negative and positive predictive values were 0.99 and 0.85, respectively. In conclusion, both models provide a valuable aid in differentiating AVM from ABM. They should be further evaluated in a prospective appraisal of their contribution to therapeutic decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    De economist 146 (1998), S. 475-494 
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Keywords: density ; hazard function ; product life cycle ; newspapers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In 1848 freedom of the press was written into the Constitution of the Kingdom of The Netherlands. This paper investigates the life cycle characteristics of the market for daily newspapers in The Netherlands since then. Life expectancy depends on the cyclical evolution of the number of daily newspapers through time. The life cycle of the competitive newspaper industry in The Netherlands is characterized by a turning period of turmoil during World War II. Models that aim at estimating the expected lifetime of newspapers should acknowledge the cyclical characteristics of the industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Argumentation 9 (1995), S. 305-342 
    ISSN: 1572-8374
    Keywords: Dialectic ; debate ; resource-bounded defasible reasoning ; anytime reasoning ; symbolic calculus ; symbolic logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: Abstract Defeasible reasoning is concerned with the logics of non-deductive argument. As is described in the literature, the study of this type of reasoning is considerably more involved than the study of deductive argument, even so that, in realistic applications, there is often a lack of resources to perform an exhaustive analysis. It follows that, in a theory of defeasible reasoning, the order and direction in which arguments are developed, i.e. theprocedure, is important. The aim of this article is to show that debate is the most efficient procedure to argue in the presence of limited resources. To do so, there is first some general theory on defeasible argumentation, which is followed by an introduction to the problem of dialectical search. The problem of dialectical search is (or at least, should be) the essential issue in every theory on argumentation, and emerges at every occasion that involves adjudication on competing arguments. Starting with an example, it is explained that dialectical search can be best scheduled according to classical debating techniques, that work along well-tried methods. These methods (which include various forms of curtailment, interruption, and interpretation) have proven their value in keeping debating efforts within reasonable bounds. How they apply in a theory of formal argument, will be shown in this article.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Dinuclear ; copper ; triflate ; bipyrimidine ; azido ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the title compound [Cu2(bipym)3(N3)2(CH3OH)2](CF3SO3)2(CH3OH)2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 8.1844(5), b = 11.0253(6), c = 12.9089(7) Å, α = 80.249(4), β, = 74.933(5), γ = 74.001(4)°, and Z = 1. The structure consists of a dinuclear Cu(II) unit formed of two didentate bipym ligands, one bis-didentate bipym ligand, two azido anions, and two coordinating methanol molecules. The Cu(II) atom is elongated tetragonally surrounded by two nitrogens of the didentate bipym ligand, one nitrogen of the bis-didentate ligand, and one nitrogen of the azido anion forming the equatorial plane with one nitrogen of the bis-didentate ligand and an oxygen atom of the methanol molecule as the axial atoms. A noncoordinating triflate anion and an additional methanol molecule are also in the crystal lattice and have a hydrogen bond distance of 2.801(3) Å with an angle of 157(4)°. The cations link by O – H ··· N bonds into infinite chains running in the c-direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 30 (1995), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Elastostatics ; Conservation laws ; Fracture ; Mechanics of solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Un integrale indipendente dal cammino intorno al vertice di una frattura in un campo di deformazione bi-dimensionale è stato stabilito da Bui. Tale integrale èduale all'integrale di Rice, nel senso che si basa sulla densità di energia complementare o degli sforzi. Qui si propone un integrale invariante in un continuo tridimensionale soggetto a deformazioni finite. Si mostra che il risultato di Bui segue come caseo particolare.
    Notes: Abstract A path-independent integral has been stated by Bui in the presence of a straight crack in a two-dimensional deformation field. Such an integral isdual to the Rice integral in the sense that it is based on the complementary stress energy density. Here we establish a boundary-independent integral in finite elasticity from which Bui's result follows as a particular case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 30 (1995), S. 605-619 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Thermoelasticity ; Dynamics ; Configurational forces ; Phase transitions ; Solid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Si osserva preliminarmente che, per alcune trasformazioni di fase nei solidi, la più naturale descrizione del fenomeno nell'ambito del continuo sembra essere quella basata sul moto inverse in dinamica, o sulla deformazione inversa in statica. In tale quadro, la nozione di ‘coerenza di fase’, suggerita dalla congruenza geometricocinematica tra due distinti reticoli cristallini a contatto, trova la sua espressione più significativa nella condizione di continuità degli ‘spostamenti di siti’ nel riferimento cristalline. Sulla base di argomentazioni svolte in precedenti lavori dagli autori per il caso dinamico e da M. Epstein per il caso statico e termostatico, si presuppone valida un'equazione di bilancio ‘materiale’: quella dellapseudo-quantità di moto. Si richiede che tale bilancio sia soddisfatto attraverso una superficie di contatto tra le due fasi. Tale superficie o fronte, avanzando, determina la trasformazione del materiale da una fase nell'altra. Il fronte è suppostoomotermo ed il materiale termoelastico in ciascuna delle due fasi. Un ruolo chiave è svolto dal tensore degli sforzi materiali di Eshelby. Infatti, la potenza sviluppata dalle forze di disomogeneità attraverso il fronte che avanza è unicamente determinata dalla discontinuità del tensore di Eshelby lungo la normale al fronte. Inoltre, l'espressione che detta potenza assume permette di evidenziare una quantità scalare che proponiamo di denominareforza configurazionale di Hugoniot-Gibbs per le analogie che essa suggerisce. Si sviluppa infine una trattazione parallela sulla base di una formulazione termodinamica classica del continuo. Un confronto dei risultati permette di Stabilire che la potenza sviluppata dalla forza configurazionale viene dissipata mentre il fronte avanza.
    Notes: Abstract First we recognize that the coherence of certain phase transformations in solids is most vividly expressed using the material manifold and within the kinematic continuum description based on the so-calledinverse motion. In this fully dynamical framework the equation of interest is theun-balance of pseudomomentum for thermoelastic conductors. On computing the power developed by the accompanying surface source of quasi-inhomogeneities at the phase-transition front, we show that this relates directly to the normal jump of the Eshelby stress — devoid of any kinetic energy, but computed from the free energy — a scalar quantity which may be referred to as theHugoniot-Gibbs configurational force at the front. The thermodynamic analysis also establishes that this power is dissipated as the material progresses at the front that ishomothermal. The jump relation including this dissipation is that associated with the heat propagation equation valid at regular points. In all, this approach is based on the theory of material uniformity and inhomogeneities as developed in recent years by M. Epstein and the authors. All reasonings are made in full dynamics, for finite strains, and any anisotropy in three dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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