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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoblot using recombinant antigens derived from different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (1994)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 183 (1994), S. 43-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunodominant proteins are variable in molecular and antigenic structure among different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. We have recently developed an immunoblot using five recombinant antigens: the chromosomal-encoded B. burgdorferi proteins p 100, the flagellin and an internal flagellin fragment thereof, and the plasmid-encoded outersurface proteins A (OspA) and C (OspC). In the present study the same antigens (derived from strain PKo, genospecies B. afzelii) were compared with the homologous recombinant proteins from strain B31 (genospecies B. burgdorferi sensu stricto) and with OspA, OspC and the internal flagellin fragment from strain PBi (genospecies B. garinii). Patients with neuroborreliosis (n=28) and patients with acrodermatitits chronica atrophicans (n=20) were investigated in the IgG immunoblot; the IgM immunoblot was performed only in patients with neuroborreliosis. There was a small increase in the detection rate of OspA-specific IgG or IgM antibodies using the different variants of recombinant OspA; however, OspA remained an insensitive antigen for antibody detection in Lyme borreliosis. The same was true to OspC-specific IgG antibodies. The sensitivity of OspC, which is the immunodominant antigen for IgM antibody detection, could not be increased using recombinant antigens derived from different strains. However, some sera which were negative in the recombinant immunoblot reacted with OspC in the conventional immunoblot using B. burgdorferi whole cell lysate as antigen. The most unexpected finding was the high degree of immunological heterogeneity of the internal flagellin fragments: IgG antibodies were detected in 18 of 48 patients using B31 fragments, in 25 of 48 using PKo fragments, in 23 of 48 using PBi fragments versus 33 of 48 when the three recombinant proteins were combined. PKo-derived fragments were more sensitive for antibody detection in patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, B31- and PBi-derived fragments for antibody detection in patients with neuroborreliosis. This is in agreement with the fact that isolates from patients with neuroborreliosis are predominantly belonging to the genospecies B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. garinii. For detection of IgM antibodies in sera from patients with neuroborreliosis, recombinant internal fragments derived from strains B31 and PBi were more sensitive than the PKo-derived fragment. The best discrimination between neuroborreliosis sera and control sera was achieved when the IgM blot was performed using recombinant internal flagellin fragments derived from strains PKo and PBi and OspC derived from B31 or PKo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193630
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant immunoblot in the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (1993)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 182 (1993), S. 255-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A recombinant immunoblot was developed for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with Lyme borreliosis. The recombinant antigens were the chromosomal-encodedBorrelia burgdorferi proteins p100, the flagellin and an internal flagellin fragment thereof as well as the plasmid-encoded outer surface proteins A (OspA) and C (OspC). A panel of 144 sera from patients with Lyme borreliosis (erythema migrans,n = 31; neuroborreliosis state II,n = 60; Lyme arthritis,n = 24 and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans,n =19) have been investigated and the results have been compared to the immunofluorescence absorption test (IFA-ABS) and to two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [the flagellin ELISA and a newly developed ELISA (OGP-ELISA)]. The two ELISAs were comparable in sensitivity, whereas the IFA-ABS was less sensitive for IgM antibody but equally sensitive for IgG antibody detection. Immunoblot analysis revealed that IgG antibodies are mainly reactive with p 100 and the internal flagellin fragment (sensitivity 51% and 32%, respectively) and rarely with OspC (14%). All patients with late Lyme borreliosis had IgG antibodies against the p100. IgM antibodies were predominantly directed against OspC (43%) and in a lower extent against the internal flagellin fragment and p100 (15% and 13%, respectively). The complete flagellin was not useful due to a high number of unspecific reactions with control sera and the OspA was only exceptionally reactive in Lyme borreliosis patients. The sensitivity of IgM antibody detection could be increased in cases with early Lyme borreliosis from 46% to 65% when the OspC blot was performed in addition to the flagellin ELISA, or from 56% to 65% when performed in addition to the OGP-ELISA. The recombinant blot is, therefore, a valuable diagnostic test to increase sensitivity of early antibody detection and is regarded as a valuable confirmatory test also in late disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579624
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary versus multiple cholesterol gallbladder stones (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 423-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholecystolithiasis ; Supersaturation ; Gallstones ; Cholesterol ; Cholecystitis ; Occlusion of the cystic duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and growth pattern of solitary and multiple cholesterol gallbladder stones was defined using cholecystography in a prospective study of 48 patients whose initial cholecystograms indicated a stone-free gallbladder and who developed gallstones within the subsequent 5 years. Radiological observations performed over 365 patient-years were complemented by macroscopic examination, radiograms, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis of gallstones from these and other patients obtained at cholecystectomy. Solitary gallstones were found to develop after a precursor phase of over 2 years during which free-floating crystal laminae of cholesterol formed. These laminae subsequently aggregated loosely and underwent external compaction and internal remodeling by movement of cholesterol molecules to form compact spheroids. A single lamina was observed to function as a nucleus for the development of a solitary stone shaped as an ellipsoid. About 10% of solitary stones were found to have a solitary pigment stone in their center. In contrast, multiple cholesterol gallstones formed without a precursor phase. Innumerable, very thin cholesterol crystals appeared which very abruptly aggregated to form spheres of up to 1 mm in diameter. Within 3 months a second aggregation took place in which these spheres coalesced to form mulberry stones. Mulberry stones in turn were transformed either to faceted stones (if many were present in the gallbladder) or to barrel stones (if few were present) over a period of 3 years. It is proposed that temporary occlusion of the cystic duct leads to supersaturation of bile with calcium bilirubinate and/or calcium carbonate which in turn promotes deposition of either or both of these calcium salts on the surface of single or multiple gallstones. For multiple gallstones, this process or the deposition of additional cholesterol crystals seals the gallstone surface and is followed by metamorphosis of the stone center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180054
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does pertussis infection induce manifestation of allergy? (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 208-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Allergy ; Whooping cough ; Pertussis toxin ; IgE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate whether pertussis induces the development of allergy, a prospective study was performed in 25 children aged 0.8–12.2 years. The patients underwent allergy diagnostics during pertussis infection and at a follow-up visit 8–14 months later. Diagnostic criteria included the medical history of the patients and their families, a modified skin prick test, measurement of serum IgE and radio-allergosorbent test screening for specific sensitizations. At the time of pertussis, serum IgE concentration in the study group was 62+ 30 kU/ml. At the follow-up visit, there was a significant increase in serum IgE to 137 ± 51 kU/ml, which was also significantly higher than IgE in an age-matched control group. Children at a significantly higher risk for developing IgE increase or new allergic sensitizations were those with a family history of allergy or potentially allergic disease in their personal history. Our results indicate that pertussis may induce IgE production in affected children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180103
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility between PAN-based carbon fibres and Mg8Li alloy during the pressure infiltration process (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 5576-5582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of PAN-based T800H type carbon fibres, which had been coated with (i) pyrocarbon and (ii) pyrocarbon+SiC protective layers, was studied by means of SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Auger electron spectroscopy. The interaction occurred during the pressure infiltration process at temperatures from 898 to 908 K and at contact times of 4–30 s. As detected by AES measurements, both Mg and Li penetrated throughout the carbon fibres, and Li2C2 was formed without remarkable reaction zone occurrence, which led to carbon fibre degradation. The pyrocarbon layer (about 50 nm thick) demonstrated a good protective efficiency and the corresponding metal-matrix composite exhibited satisfying strength characteristics; nevertheless, the influence of processing variables (temperature, time) was obvious. On the other hand, the double-coated pyrocarbon+SiC carbon fibres were strongly affected by Li2C2 formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349949
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol shows antispastic and analgesic effects in a single case double-blind trial (1990)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 240 (1990), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ; Analgesia ; Spasticity ; Spinal cord injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double-blind study was performed comparing 5 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) p.o., 50 mg codeine p.o., and placebo in a patient with spasticity and pain due to spinal cord injury. The three conditions were applied 18 times each in a randomized and balanced order. Delta-9-THC and codeine both had an analgesic effect in comparison with placebo. Only delta-9-THC showed a significant beneficial effect on spasticity. In the dosage of THC used no altered consciousness occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190083
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation causes flare-related radio burst continuum depressions (1993)
    Springer
    Solar physics 145 (1993), S. 151-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the active region NOAA 6718 and the development of a (2N, M3.6) flare in radio and Hα. Due to our knowledge of the magnetic field structure in the active region we are able to associate the different radio flare burst components with the stages in the Hα flare evolution. A discussion of the data in terms of chromospheric flare kernel heating reveals that in the present case the observed flare-related radio burst continuum switch-off is caused by the penetration of hot, ablated gas into the coronal radio source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627991
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between electric currents, photospheric motions, chromospheric activity, and magnetic field topology (1994)
    Springer
    Solar physics 149 (1994), S. 309-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Through coordinated observations made during the Max'91 campaign in June 1989 in Potsdam (magnetograms), Debrecen (white light and Hα), and Meudon (MSDP), we follow the evolution of the sunspot group in active region NOAA 5555 for 6 days. The topology of the coronal magnetic field is investigated by using a method based on the concept of separatrices - applied previously (Mandriniet al., 1991) to a magnetic region slightly distorted by field-aligned currents. The present active region differs by having significant magnetic shear. We find that the Hα flare kernels and the main photospheric electric current cells are located close to the intersection of the separatrices with the chromosphere, in a linear force-free field configuration adapted to the observed shear. Sunspot motions, strong currents, isolated polarities, or intersecting separatrices are not in themselves sufficient to produce a flare. A combination of them all is required. This supports the idea that flares are due to magnetic reconnection, when flux tubes with field-aligned currents move towards the separatrix locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690619
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preflare state (1994)
    Springer
    Solar physics 153 (1994), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Discussion on the preflare state held at the Ottawa Flares 22 Workshop focused on the interpretation of solar magnetograms and of Hα filament activity. Magnetograms from several observatories provided evidence of significant build up of electric currents in flaring regions. Images of X-ray emitting structures provided a clear example of magnetic relaxation in the course of a flare. Emerging and cancelling magnetic fields appear to be important for triggering flares and for the formation of filaments, which are associated with eruptive flares. Filaments may become unstable by the build up of electric current helicity. Examples of heliform eruptive filaments were presented at the Workshop. Theoretical models linking filaments and flares are briefly reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712489
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Grenzflächenverhalten von SiC und seine Anwendung in faserverstärktem Aluminium (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The interface Behavior of Sic and its Application to Fiber Reinforced AluminiumSiC barrier layers on carbon fibers can be deposited by thermal decomposition of methyl trichlorosilane. The influence of the CVD parameters on their structure and composition is presented by the results of surface-analytical and electronmicroscopical investigations. During the preparation of fiber reinforced Al chemical reactions and segregation effects result in the formation of undesirabled phases at the interface between matrix and fiber. The stability of the barrier layer is negativly influenced by it.
    Notes: SiC-Barriereschichten auf Kohlenstoffasern lassen sich durch thermische Zersetzung von Methyltrichlorsilan abscheiden. Der Einfluß der CVD-Parameter auf deren Struktur und Zusammensetzung wird anhand der Ergebnisse von oberflächenanalytischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen dargestellt. Bei der Herstellung von faserverstärktem Al kommt es infolge von chemischen Reaktionen und Segregationen zur Bildung von unerwünschten Phasen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Matrix und Faser. die die Stabilität der Barriereschichten negativ beeinflussen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19920230712
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