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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; hyperlipidaemia ; syndrome X ; reduced fetal growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two follow-up studies were carried out to determine whether lower birthweight is related to the occurrence of syndrome X — Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. The first study included 407 men born in Hertfordshire, England between 1920 and 1930 whose weights at birth and at 1 year of age had been recorded by health visitors. The second study included 266 men and women born in Preston, UK, between 1935 and 1943 whose size at birth had been measured in detail. The prevalence of syndrome X fell progressively in both men and women, from those who had the lowest to those who had the highest birthweights. Of 64-year-old men whose birthweights were 2.95 kg (6.5 pounds) or less, 22% had syndrome X. Their risk of developing syndrome X was more than 10 times greater than that of men whose birthweights were more than 4.31 kg (9.5 pounds). The association between syndrome X and low birthweight was independent of duration of gestation and of possible confounding variables including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and social class currently or at birth. In addition to low birthweight, subjects with syndrome X had small head circumference and low ponderal index at birth, and low weight and below-average dental eruption at 1 year of age. It is concluded that Type 2 diabetes and hypertension have a common origin in sub-optimal development in utero, and that syndrome X should perhaps be re-named “the small-baby syndrome”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399095
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relation of fetal growth to plasma glucose in young men (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 444-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma glucose ; birthweight ; intrauterine growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a study of men aged 59 to 70 years plasma glucose levels 30 min and 2 h after a 75-g glucose load were inversely related to birthweight. To determine whether there are similar relations at a younger age the 30-min plasma glucose levels of 40 men aged 21 years, who were born in one hospital in the United Kingdom, were measured. Lower birthweight was associated with higher 30-min plasma glucose levels. This trend was independent of gestational age, and current body mass, height and social class.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342441
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400248
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, fetal growth, metabolic programming.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus may originate through impaired development in fetal life. Both insulin deficiency and resistance to the action of insulin are thought to be important in its pathogenesis. Although there is evidence that impaired fetal development may result in insulin deficiency, it is not known whether insulin resistance could also be a consequence of reduced early growth. Insulin resistance was therefore measured in 81 normoglycaemic subjects, and 22 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, who were born in Preston, UK, between 1935 and 1943. Their birth measurements had been recorded in detail. Insulin resistance was measured by the insulin tolerance test which uses the rate of fall in blood glucose concentrations after intravenous injection of insulin as an index of insulin resistance. Men and women who were thin at birth, as measured by a low ponderal index, were more insulin resistant. The association was statistically significant (p =0.01) and independent of duration of gestation, adult body mass index and waist to hip ratio and of confounding variables including social class at birth or currently. Thinness at birth and in adult life has opposing effects such that resistance fell with increasing ponderal index at birth but rose with increasing adult body mass index. It is concluded that insulin resistance is associated with impaired development in fetal life. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 150–154]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050086
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Impaired glucose tolerance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; fetal growth ; ponderal index at birth ; placental weight to birthweight ratio
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance in men and women aged 50 years. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 140 men and 126 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail. Those subjects found to have impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had lower birthweight, a smaller head circumference and were thinner at birth. They also had a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes fell from 27% in subjects who weighed 2.50 kg (5.5 pounds) or less at birth to 6% in those who weighed more than 3.41 kg (7.5 pounds) (p 〈 0.002 after adjusting for body mass index). Plasma glucose concentrations taken at 2-h in the glucose tolerance test fell progressively as birthweight increased (p 〈 0.004), as did 2-h plasma insulin concentrations (p 〈 0.001). The trends with birthweight were independent of duration of gestation and must therefore be related to reduced rates of fetal growth. These findings confirm the association between impaired glucose tolerance in adult life and low birthweight previously reported in Hertfordshire (UK), and demonstrate it in women as well as men. It is suggested that the association reflects the long-term effects of reduced growth of the endocrine pancreas and other tissues in utero. This may be a consequence of maternal undernutrition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399954
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The achondroplasia gene is not linked to the locus for neurofibromatosis 1 on chromosome 17 (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 85 (1990), S. 12-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have investigated genetic linkage of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) and achondroplasia (ACH) using chromosome-17 markers that are known to be linked to NF1. Physical proximity of the two loci was suggested by the report of a patient with mental retardation and the de novo occurrence of both NF1 and ACH. Since the chance of de novo occurrence of these two disorders in one individual is 1 in 600 million, this suggested a chromosomal deletion as a single unifying molecular event and also that the ACH and NF1 loci might be physically close. To test this, we performed linkage analysis on a three-generation family with ACH. We used seven DNA probes that are tightly linked to the NF1 locus, including DNA sequences that are known to flank the NF1 locus on the centromeric and telomeric side. We detected two recombinants between the ACH trait and markers flanking the NF1 locus. In one recombinant, the flanking markers themselves were nonrecombinant. Multi-point linkage analysis excluded the ACH locus from a region surrounding the NF1 locus that spans more than 15cM (lod score 〈 -2). Therefore, analysis of this ACH pedigree suggests that the ACH locus is not linked to the NF1 locus on chromosome 17.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276318
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pulp and paper effluent on a marine fish, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 48 (1992), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195646
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plant gene expression in effective and ineffective root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 9 (1987), S. 469-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): in vitro translation ; leghemoglobin ; nodulin gene expression ; Northern analysis ; Rhizobium-alfalfa symbiosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Expression of plant genes involved in the symbiosis between alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhizobium meliloti has been studied by comparing root and root nodule mRNA populations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation of the in vitro translation products of polyA+ RNA isolated from either roots or effective root nodules has allowed us to identify thirteen nodule-specific translation products, including those corresponding to the leghemoglobins (Lb). These translation products, representing putative nodulin mRNAs, are first detected between 9 and 12 days after inoculation, a result which has been confirmed for Lb mRNA by Northern blotting and hybridization with a Lb cDNA probe. Analysis of three different types of ineffective root nodules arrested in different stages of development has led to the following conclusions. (i) The transcription of eleven nodule-specific genes, including the Lb genes, is independent of nitrogen-fixing activity. (ii) Differentiation of the primary nodule structure does not require the transcription of any of these genes but can be correlated with a dramatic reduction in the level of at least five transcripts present in the root. (iii) There is enhanced expression of certain plant genes in the case of nodules elicited by an Agrobacterium strain carrying the symbiotic plasmid of R. meliloti.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015878
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lectin genes from the legume Medicago truncatula (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 1011-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): frameshift mutation ; lectin genes ; Medicago truncatula
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We report the cloning and characterization of two lectin genes from Medicago truncatula, designated Mtlec1 and Mtlec2. The two genes show a high degree of homology and apparently belong to a small multigene family. Mtlec1 appears to encode a functional lectin with 277 amino acids, whereas Mtlec2 is probably non-functional, since a frameshift mutation (insertion of two nucleotides) leads to premature translation termination after only 98 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the polypeptide MtLEC1 suggests that this lectin is a metalloprotein with Glc/Man specificity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040532
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic measurements of initiation toughness at high loading rates (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 28 (1988), S. 298-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental method is described for measuring the dynamic initiation toughness of a sharp stationary crack. A plane specimen is utilized which consists of a central region 50-mm wide and 200-mm long with integral dog-bone ends. The loading is accomplished by the detonation of four small explosive charges which produce two tensile stress waves upon reflection from the dog-bone ends. The stress waves meet at the midpoint of the specimen and reinforce to produce a relatively large, uniformly stressed region with a very high loading rate. The crack is positioned at the midpoint of the specimen at the location where the reinforcing tensile stress waves meet. A series of photoelastic experiments were conducted using Homalite 100 as the model material to observe, in a full-field view, the arrival of the dilatational waves, the subsequent development of the stress field at the tip of the stationary crack and the initiation of the crack. The isochromatic fringe pattern was also used to determine the instantaneous value of the stress-intensity factorK(t) after the characteristic fringe loops developed in the region near the crack tip. Finally,K(t) was measured using a single strain gage positioned and oriented so that its signal output was proportional toK(t) and independent of the next two higher order terms in the series representation of the strain field. A method was developed to determine the instant of initiation from the strain-time trace. Results obtained from the photoelastic and strain measurements of the dynamic-initiation toughnessK ID were consistently higher than the static value ofK IC .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329026
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