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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 21 (1993), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz von Antibiotika bei schwerer akuter Pankreatitis (Stadium II und III) ist indiziert, da bakterielle Komplikationen häufigste Todesursache sind. Ceftazidim wurde hinsichtlich seiner Permeation in das Pankreassekret, in gesundes und chronisch entzündetes Pankreasgewebe sowie in nekrotische Areale bei schwerer Pankreatitis des Menschen untersucht. Im Pankreassekret fand sich 60 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 35 mg/kg eine Spitzenkonzentration von 12,9±5,9 mg/l. Das sind 32% des korrespondierenden Serumspiegels. Die Gewebespiegel variierten, in Abhängigkeit vom Enzündungsstadium, zwischen 9 und 79% der jeweiligen Serumkonzentration. Auch in Pankreasnekrosen ließen sich nach fünftägiger Behandlung (3 × 2 g) Ceftazidimspiegel zwischen 1,8 und 6,9 mg/kg nachweisen. Somit sind in allen untersuchten Kompartimenten ausreichend hohe, antibakterielle Wirkspiegel nach Gabe von Ceftazidim in therapeutischer Dosierung nachweisbar, so daß sich aus pharmakokinetischer Sicht Ceftazidim als ein potentiell geeignetes Präparat bei Pankreatitis anbietet.
    Notes: Summary The use of antibiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (stage II and III) is indicated since bacterial complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. In the present study the penetration of ceftazidime into pancreatic juice, into healthy and chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue as well as into necrotic regions in cases of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated. A peak concentration of 12.9±5.9 mg/l was found 60 min after intravenous administration of 35 mg/kg of the drug, which is 32% of the corresponding serum levels. Pancreatic tissue concentrations varied between 9 and 79% of the corresponding serum levels, depending on the stage of inflammation. After five days of antibiotic treatment with doses of 2 g t.i.d., concentrations between 1.8 and 6.9 mg/kg were detected even in pancreatic necroses. This suggests that sufficient antibacterial levels of ceftazidime were present in all pancreatic compartments analyzed following administration of common therapeutic dosages. Therefore, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, ceftazidime could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cell sap ; chloride ; fertilizer ; potassium ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; solute potential ; source: sink ; sulphate ; tuber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In pot experiments with Solanum tuberosum L. (cv Saturna) the application of KCl as compared to K2SO4 delayed tuber development. The solute composition of leaves of the KCl treated plants was significantly lower in K+ and NO3 -, but higher in Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl-. Since the solute potential in the KCl treated plants was more negative and associated with a higher water content, a higher turgor pressure can be assumed. This could explain the enhanced shoot growth observed with KCl. Application of K2SO4, on the other hand, accelerated the development of tubers. This might result from a less competitive shoot sink in K2SO4 treated plants and a stimulated phloem loading and translocation of assimilates by higher concentrations of leaf-K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 325 (1969), S. 952-954 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter den 32 Patienten, die in der Zeit zwischen 1966 und 1968 mit manifester Tetanuserkrankung zur stationären Behandlung kamen, waren 21 weder aktiv noch passiv immunisiert worden. Die übrigen 11 hatten teils Tetanol, teils heterologes Serum oder eine Kombination beider erhalten. Nach der stationären Aufnahme wurden alle aktiv immunisiert und mit heterologem oder homologem Serum behandelt. Bestimmungen des neutralisierenden Antitoxintiters zeigten bei vergleichbarer Dosierung die Überlegenheit des humanen Hyperimmunglobulins. Aus immunologischen Überlegungen wird bei manifester Erkrankung die Gabe von homologem Serum empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary Amongst the 32 patients, who came to us for hospital treatment for manifest tetanus between 1966 and 1968, 21 were neither actively nor passively immunised. The remaining 11 had received either Tetanol or heterologous serum or a combination of the two. After admission to hospital, they were all actively immunised and treated with either heterologous or homologous serum. Determination of the neutralising antitoxin titres demonstrated the superiority of the human hyper-immunoglobulin using comparative dosage. As a result of immunological consideration, we would recommend administration of homologous serum in cases, where the disease is manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 35 (1990), S. 961-968 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: electrogastrography ; pregnancy ; vomiting ; spectral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric dysrhythmias have been recorded from patients with a variety of nausea syndromes. The aim of this study was to measure gastric myoelectric activity in women with and without nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy. In 32 pregnant women gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 30–45 min with cutaneous electrodes that yielded electrogastrograms (EGGs). Frequencies of the EGG waves were analyzed visually and by computer. Subjects rated their nausea at the time of EGG recording on a visual analog scale with 0 representing no nausea and 300 mm severe nausea. Gastric dysrhythmias were found in 26 pregnant subjects: Seventeen had tachygastrias (EGG frequencies of 4–9 cpm),five had 1- to 2-cpm EGG waves, and four had flat-line patterns. Mean nausea scores of the subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line patterns were 64.8±13, 93.4±23, and 77.2±36, respectively. Six pregnant subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns, and their nausea scores averaged 2.8±1.1 (P〈0.05 compared with nausea scores in subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line rhythms). Six subjects with gastric dysrhythmias during pregnancy were restudied after delivery; each of these subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns and none had nausea. Thus, gastric dysrhythmias are objective pathophysiologic events associated with symptoms of nausea reported during the first trimester of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 237 (1968), S. 167-172 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein direktes photometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Pb-Gehaltes in Automatenstahl über kolloidales PbS beschrieben, das infolge des geringen Zeitbedarfes und der ausreichenden Genauigkeit zu Routine- und Kontrollbestimmungen eingesetzt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary A photometric determination of lead in free-cutting steels is described. The method is based on the formation of colloidal PbS in the presence of glycerol. Interfering elements are complexed with tartaric acid and potassium cyanide. The limit of determination for this accurate procedure is about 5 · 10−6 Mol Pb/l. The time required for one determination is 35 min only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 241 (1968), S. 155-166 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur emissionsspektrometrischen Schnellanalyse von niedriglegiertem Stahl beschrieben, bei der jeweils drei Analysenwerte für jedes Element als Ergebnis anfallen. Durch die Herabsetzung des Zeitbedarfes der eigentlichen Analyse mit Hilfe einer speziellen Vorfunkanregung wird es möglich, dieses Ergebnis nach einer Zeit von etwa 70–80 sec zu erhalten, die nach dem herkömmlichen Verfahren bereits für eine Einzelanfunkung benötigt wurde. Neben der Verkürzung der reinen Analysenzeit ergibt diese Methode ein mit größerer statistischer Sicherheit reproduzierbares Resultat. Sie stellt damit eine der Voraussetzungen für die vollständige Automation dieses Analysenprinzips dar.
    Notes: Abstract New considerable improvements in the routine vacuum spectrometric analysis of low-alloy steel samples have been achieved by using a high energy prespark discharge for special conditioning of the sample surface. Therefore the sparking time is reduced for about 67% without any loss of precision. In the original time an automatic three-point-sparking may be performed and makes possible a computer control system in the total procedure of spectrometric steel analysis that would exert some form of critical judgement similar to the human element in manual analysis. This will provide a guarantee for a more accurate analytical control of steel production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 338 (1990), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Medieval Arabian silver coins were analyzed by means of secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS). Mercury deposits have been detected up to a depth of 10 μm. In the surface region enrichments of halogen have been determined, which may indicate an influence of marine climatic conditions on the coins. The application of SNMS analysis on problems of archeometry proved it to be a rapid quantitative method for surface and bulk composition and leads to new aspects of material characterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 147-150 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For the assessment of the correctness of depth profile analyses with non-ideal technical metal surfaces using secondary neutral particle mass spectrometry (SNMS), the roughness of the sample surface was examined for the transition width of the signal. It is shown that with elements with low sputter rates (Al Mn), similar to that of the substrate element (Fe), there is no significant influence of the roughness. However, clear dependencies are observed for tin and zinc, elements with high sputter rates. Whereas tin gave acceptable results when the roughness was significant, cone formation was observed with zinc which caused abnormal sputter behaviour. The use of high-frequency sputter processes eliminates this cone formation and leads to constant signals, even with thick zinc layers. This method is therefore not only suitable for use with non-conductors, as originally planned, but also offers considerable advantages in the analysis of metal coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 231 (1967), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Spanpreßverfahren eignet sich für die spektrometrische Analyse von durch Fräsen, Bohren und Sägen gewonnenen Stahlspänen. Allerdings sollte nach Möglichkeit gefrästen Spänen wegen ihrer besseren Gleichförmigkeit — im Sinne einer Gleichhaltung aller Untersuchungsbedingungen — der Vorzug gegeben werden. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß auch zerspantes Material von normalisierten Kohlenstoffstählen ≦1% C zu Elektroden der Entladung gepreßt und mit ausreichender Genauigkeit analysiert werden kann. Auf die günstige Möglichkeit der spektrometrischen Untersuchung von Spanproben aus gewalztem Material unberuhigter Stahlgüten wurde besonders hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The investigations described show the possibility to analyze with a vacuum spectrograph the briquetted chips obtained by cutting, boring, and sawing. The best results were observed in the case of the uniform chips obtained by cutting. The uniformity of these chips can be important for achieving always the same discharge conditions. Experiments have proved that it is also possible to investigate normalized carbon steels (≦1% C) after briquetting with a sufficient degree of accuracy and precision. The spectrochemical analysis of chips from rolled rimmed steel products is of special interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 240 (1968), S. 289-302 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den Einfluß verschiedener Faktoren, wie die Reinheit des verwendeten Spülgases oder das Material der Probenauflage, auf das Analysenergebnis bei der emissionsspektrometrischen Stahlanalyse berichtet und eine drehbare Probenauflage beschrieben, die eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Automatisierung dieses Prinzips und damit für ein besser gesichertes Resultat darstellt.
    Notes: Abstract Some factors affecting the result of vacuumspactrometric analysis of plain steel are described. A rotary sample seat is suggested in combination with a spark chamber to eliminate the influence of accessory materials on the result. This will be an essential precondition on the way to safety in vacuumspectrometric analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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