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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: charge-transfer complexes ; intrinsic (gas-phase) basicities ; stability ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---The standard Gibbs energy changes for the formation of 1:1 charge-transfer complexes between molecular iodine and several bases in solution at 25·0 °C [ΔG0l2(soln)] were determined experimentally. The bases were 2,2,2-trifluoro- ethylamine, cyclopropylamine and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. These [ΔG0l2(soln)] values, determined in n-heptane, and also that for the formation of the 1:1 complex between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol and molecular iodine in dichloromethane, were found to follow with excellent precision the correlation equations linking ΔG0l2(soln) and the intrinsic (gas-phase) basicities of N(sp3), N(sp2) and S(sp3) bases. These findings strongly support previous conclusions regarding the relationship between gas-phase and solution reactivity data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Solvent-solute interactions ; β-carotene ; electronic absorption spectrum ; solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Solvent effects on the wavenumber of the maximum of the longest wavelength electronic absorption band of all-trans-β-carotene were determined in 34 solvents. Together with results from previous studies, a data set for 51 solvents, mostly non-hydrogen bond donors, was constructed. This information was analyzed in terms of reaction field models and also showed its value for correlation purposes when used either alone or in combination with standard empirical solvent polarity-polarizability scales. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 685-695 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The substituent effects on the intrinsic basicity of a wide variety of thiocarbonyl compounds were investigated by means of a topological analysis of the electronic charge densities and their Laplacians for the neutral and the protonated species, and also by means of their harmonic vibrational frequencies. For the sake of comparison, a similar analysis was carried out for a reduced set of carbonyl compounds with similar substituents. The results show that the behaviour of the thiocarbonyl group with regard to the protonation process is similar to that predicted for the carbonyl group, in the sense that both groups are not much affected by protonation. The charge transferred to the proton results basically in a polarization and, in some cases, in a depopulation of the bonds in which the thiocarbonyl carbon atom participates. Accordingly, the intrinsic basicities of these kinds of compounds depend strongly on the ability of the substituents to be polarized. This conclusion seems to be ratified also by the shiftings undergone by the C=S stretching frequencies on protonation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The gas-phase basicities of eight pyrazoles substituted only at position 4 (R4 = H, NO2, F, Cl, CO2C2H5, CH3, NH2, 1-adamantyl) were measured by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. The experimental values were treated in two ways, first by comparing these values with the AM1-calculated proton affinities. Since the correlation was reasonably good [PA(calc.) = -11·3 + 1·063PA(exp.), n = 8, r = 0·984], a set of 17 further 4-substituted pyrazoles and their cations were calculated using the AM1 approximation and their gas-phase basicities were estimated. Second, both the experimental and the AM1-calculated values were considered within the framework of the Taft-Topsom analysis of substituent effects. Comparison of the analyses for pyrazoles and pyridines led to the unexpected result that, in spite of differences in ring size and number of heteroatoms, both systems behave remarkably alike.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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