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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 358-361 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Human insulin ; insulin antibodies ; isoimmunization ; impurities in insulin ; monocomponent insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dix patients non-diabétiques, atteints de maladie psychiatrique, n'ayant pas été traités auparavant par l'insuline, ont subi une thérapeutique par coma insulinique avec de l'insuline humaine contenant plusieurs fractions, recristallisée et mise en solution neutre. Le traitement a été administré pendant 1–3 mois, à des doses maximales de 96–196 unités par jour. Plusieurs patients ont élaboré des anticorps anti-insuline. La cause de la formation d'anticorps est discutée. La présence de petites quantités de la fraction-a dans l'insuline semble avoir une importance dans la formation des anticorps anti-insuline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zehn nicht-diabetische psychiatrische Patienten, die vorher nicht mit Insulin behandelt worden waren, wurden einer Insulinkomatherapie mit einem nicht-monokomponentartigen Humaninsulin in neutraler Lösung unterzogen. Die Behandlung wurde 1–3 Monate lang mit Maximaldosen von 96–196 E täglich durchgeführt. Mehrere Patienten erzeugten Insulinantikörper. Die Ursache der Antikörperentstehung wird diskutiert. Die Anwesenheit kleiner Mengen der a-Fraktion des Insulins könnte für die Insulinantikörperbildung von Bedeutung sein.
    Notes: Summary Ten non-diabetic psychiatric patients, who had not previously been treated with insulin, underwent insulin coma therapy by recrystallized, non-monocomponent human insulin in neutral solution. The treatment was given for 1–3 months, in maximum doses of 96–196 units daily. Several patients formed insulin antibodies. The cause of the antibody formation is discussed. The presence of small quantities of the a-fraction in the insulin is assumed to be of importance in the insulin antibody formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords IDDM ; epidemiology ; offspring ; recurrence risk ; sex difference ; prediction ; cumulative risk ; Cox proportional hazards model.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has previously been observed that offspring of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have a lower risk of IDDM than offspring of IDDM affected fathers. To assess the offspring IDDM recurrence risk in a Danish population-based study and to investigate parental and offspring-related biological variables that might influence this risk, we identified 2726 IDDM probands and their 2826 offspring from a background population of 1.725 million people (33 % of the Danish population). Current age of probands was 20–65 years and their age at IDDM onset was 30 years or less. Sixty-nine offspring (2.4 %) were affected with IDDM. The sex difference in the parental-offspring IDDM transmission rate was confirmed. The cumulative IDDM risk up to age 30 years was found to be significantly decreased in maternal offspring compared to paternal offspring (2.3 ± 0.6 and 5.7 ± 0.9 %, RR = 2.40, 95 % CI 1.30–4.47; p = 0.004) only if parents were diagnosed with IDDM before birth of the offspring. However, due to the low number of diabetic offspring of probands diagnosed with IDDM after offspring birth, this observation needs to be confirmed in a larger population. In a subpopulation of the 2380 offspring, whose parents were all diagnosed with IDDM before offspring birth, the recurrence risk was significantly increased in offspring of male probands diagnosed up to age 17 years compared to offspring of fathers diagnosed at older ages (8.5 ± 1.8 and 3.6 ± 1.0 %; RR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.21–4.25; p = 0.006). No such relation was found in maternal offspring. Using the Cox proportional hazards model on this offspring subpopulation we found that paternal age at IDDM onset was the only statistically significant predictor of IDDM recurrence risk. Our findings may be important for counselling families in which one parent has IDDM. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 666–673]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 415-422 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The relationship between intermoult duration (coloration), sex, size and seasonal variations in fatty acid (FA) profiles was studied in a population of shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, inhabiting the Isefjord, Denmark. For male shore crabs, the total hepatopancreas FA content was high in July and December (12.7 to 16.0 mg g−1 dry weight, dw) but lower in May and September (7.3 to 10.0 mg g−1). This indicates that male shore crabs are in relatively good condition before winter, when the crabs migrate off shore, but in relatively poor condition when they return to shallow waters during spring. The hepatopancreas FA content also decreased over the mating season. After the mating season the hepatopancreas FA content of males had decreased to approximately 60% of that prior to the mating season. Female shore crabs had significantly higher hepatopancreas FA levels than males in May (11.7 mg g−1 dw), September (12.6 mg g−1 dw) and December (17.9 mg g−1 dw) but lower levels in July (9.5 mg g−1 dw). This indicates that the spawning season is the most energy-demanding part of the female reproductive cycle. For all seasons, the hepatopancreas FA content of green shore crabs was significantly higher than that of red shore crabs. For both colour forms, the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher than that of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), with the relative proportion of PUFAs increasing when the total hepatopancreas FA content decreased. For both genders and colour forms, the most dominating SAFA was palmitic acid (16:0). Palmitoleic acid (16:1ω7), vaccenic acid (18:1ω7) and oleic acid (18:1ω9) were the three MUFAs found in highest concentrations. The most dominating PUFA was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4ω6) were also abundant in all samples. The results demonstrated that season, sex, size and intermoult duration all influence the amount of FAs present in the hepatopancreas of shore crabs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of cadmium exposure and dietary status on cadmium accumulation, fatty acid (FA) content and profiles were investigated in two colour forms of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Groups of shore crabs were either starved or fed with blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, during a 40 d exposure period to 2 or 6 μM Cd2+ (as CdCl2). Starved green individuals accumulated more cadmium in haemolymph and hepatopancreas than did red crabs and green crabs fed during the experiments. In the red colour form, no difference in cadmium accumulation was observed between starved and fed individuals. In both colour forms, hepatopancreas contained more FA than gills and muscle. The FAs often present in the largest amounts in the tissues were 16:0, 16:1ω7, 18:1ω7, 18:1ω9, 20:4ω6, 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3. However, saturated (SAFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were dominant in hepatopancreas, whereas poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were dominant in gills and muscles. At the beginning of the experiment, the total FA content in the hepatopancreas was 111.6 mg g−1 (dry weight) for red crabs and 78.4 mg g−1 for green shore crabs. During the experiment, however, the FA content decreased in red crabs. This decrease was more pronounced for starved individuals than for fed individuals. Also, the decrease in FA content was more pronounced in crabs exposed to 6 μM cadmium compared to crabs exposed to 2 μM or crabs not exposed to cadmium. No change in FA content was observed in green shore crabs, irrespective of diet and cadmium exposure. For both colour forms, no change in FA content was observed for gills and muscle. In red crabs, a decrease was observed for all FAs in the hepatopancreas. This decrease, however, was more pronounced for SAFAs and MUFAs than for PUFAs, indicating that the metabolism of FAs during starvation and cadmium exposure is selective. The experiments indicate that green colour forms of shore crabs are more tolerant of natural stress such as starvation and anthropogenic stress, e.g. cadmium exposure, than are red colour forms of shore crabs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 70 (1996), S. 991-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 70 (1996), S. 984-990 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 501-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 74 (2000), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 337-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 63 (1999), S. 720-727 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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