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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptors in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig proximal colon
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 46 (1993), S. 386-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Guinea-pig colon ; Receptor antagonist ; Tachykinin receptor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(93)90095-P
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral effects of opioid drugs on capsaicin-sensitive neurones of the guinea-pig bronchus and rabbit ear (1987)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 316-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalin-amide ; Prostaglandin E2 ; Capsaicin ; Sensory nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a potent opioid agonist, [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide was investigated on two responses involving capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones, namely, atropine-resistant contractions of the guinea-pig bronchus evoked by electrical field stimulation and the nociceptor stimulation to intraarterial injections of acetylcholine or capsaicin into the vascularly isolated rabbit ear. The hypotheses to be tested were whether (a) opioid receptor activation may inhibit mediator release from primary afferent neurones and (b) the opioid could exert an analgesic effect at a peripheral site of action. Non-cholinergic contractions of the guinea-pig isolated main bronchi due to electrical stimulation were concentration-dependently inhibited by [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide (10 nM–1 μM). This effect was abolished by naloxone (1 μM). Naloxone alone induced no change in the stimulation-evoked contractions of the bronchus, indicating that no endogenous opioid control was present. Substance P and neurokinin A induced bronchial contractions that were not influenced by [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide. This indicates that [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide inhibits electrically-evoked bronchial contractions by reduced mediator release from capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings, since these contractions are most probably brought about by tachykinins, released from afferent neurones. Capsaicin-induced bronchial contractions were in contrast to electrical stimulation not influenced by [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide which suggests a different site of action. The activation of sensory neurones in the rabbit ear by i. a. injection of acetylcholine and capsaicin was not reduced under infusion of [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide (1 and 10 μM) or lofentanil (1 and 10 μM). The enhancement of the effect of acetylcholine by infusion of prostaglandin E2 (0.15 μM) also remained unchanged under infusion of 10 μM [d-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide. A peripheral analgesic action of the two opioid agonists studied is therefore not indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172684
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of capsaicin-sensitive neurones in hyperalgesia and enhanced opioid antinociception in inflammation (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 666-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; Inflammatory hyperalgesia ; Freund's adjuvant ; Morphine antinociception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of capsaicin pretreatment of adult rats was investigated on consequences of unilateral paw inflammation induced by inoculation with Freund's adjuvant. Decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold in the inflamed paw, as measured by the paw pressure test, was dose-dependently inhibited by capsaicin (20–150 mg/kg s.c.). In control rats, the antinociceptive action of morphine (0.8–1.9 mg/kg s. c.) was greater in the inflamed than in the non-inflamed paw; this difference was absent in capsaicin-treated animals. Increased volume or skin temperature of the inflamed paw was not influenced by capsaicin. It is concluded that capsaicin-sensitive, presumably C-fibre neurones, but not an alteration of the inflammation itself by capsaicin, mediate hyperalgesia and increased morphine antinociception in the rat paw with adjuvant-induced inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175710
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New type of nerve-mediated cholinergic contractions of the guinea-pig small intestine and its selective blockade by capsaicin (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 305 (1978), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; Cholinergic mechanism ; Periarterial mesenteric nerves ; Sensory fibres ; Ileum innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Electrical stimulation (2–50Hz) of mesenteric nerves of the guinea-pig isolated ileum resulted in contraction of preparations pretreated with adrenergic neuron blocking agents (guanethidine, bretylium), or on preparations obtained from animals pretreated with reserpine. Stimulation at low frequencies (2–10 Hz) also caused contraction in untreated preparations. 2. The response was abolished by hyoscine (1 ×10−7–1×10−6 g/ml) or morphine (2×10−7 g/ml). However, previous bilateral vagotomy, hexamethonium (1×10−4 g/ml), mecamylamine (1×10−5 g/ml), or desensitization of the gut to 5-HT caused practically no inhibition. 3. Capsaicin inhibited or abolished (IC50 1.5 ×10−8 g/ml) the contraction elicited by stimulation of mesenteric nerves in an irreversible manner. The drug did not inhibit the contraction to field stimulation of the postganglionic cholinergic fibres. 4. Neither the contraction of the duodenum to stimulation of the preganglionic vagal fibres, nor the adrenergic inhibition elicited by periarterial nerve stimulation were influenced by capsaicin. 5. It is concluded that the cholinergic response described above is neither parasympathetic in origin nor can it explained on the basis of a cholinergic mechanism in adrenergic neurotransmission (Burn's theory). A hypothesis is put forward that nerve fibres characterized by their specific sensitivity to capsaicin, presumably originating from sensory neurons excite cholinergic neurons of the myenteric plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497009
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capsaicin-sensitive innervation of the guinea-pig taenia caeci (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 309 (1979), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; Large intestine innervation ; Cholinergic neurons ; Purinergic neurons ; Mecamylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Stimulation (2–50 Hz) of the mesenteric nerves of the guinea-pig taenia caeci gave rise to contraction of the muscle obtained from animals pretreated with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent guanethidine. Contraction was the response to stimulation at low frequencies (2–5 Hz) in about half of the untreated preparations as well. 2. The response was abolished by hyoscine (4.5×10−7 M), but was unaffected by the ganglionic blocking agent mecamylamine (4.9×10−5 M). Physostigmine (2.4×10−8 M) enhanced the contractions. 3. Capsaicin (9.8×10−6 M) elicited a contraction of the taenia caeci followed by a long-lasting tachyphylaxis. Contraction in response to stimulation of the mesenteric nerves was absent after this pretreatment. 4. Neither the response to direct excitation of the cholinergic neural elements of the myenteric plexus, nor the relaxation caused by stimulation of adrenergic fibres were influenced by capsaicin. “Purinergic” relaxation produced by field stimulation (0.5–10 Hz) remained also unchanged. 5. No functional evidence has been found for the presence of parasympathetic preganglionic fibres among the perivascular nerves supplying the taenia. 6. It is concluded that capsaicin-sensitive nerves excite cholinergic neurons of the myenteric plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498759
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of substance P, cholecystokinin octapeptide, bombesin, and neurotensin on the peristaltic reflex of the guinea-pig ileum in the absence and in the presence of atropine (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Peristaltic reflex ; Atropine-resistant peristalsis ; Guinea-pig ileum ; Substance P ; Cholecystokinin octapeptide ; Bombesin ; Neurotensin ; Naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Slow peristalsis (less than one peristaltic wave/min) was induced by continuous elevation of intraluminal pressure in vascularly perfused segments of the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The intraluminal pressure at the aboral side of the segment and the volume of fluid propelled by each peristaltic wave were recorded. 2. Intraarterial infusion of substance P (11.5–115 pmoles min−1), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8; 1.5–15 pmoles min−1), bombesin (1–10 pmoles min−1), and neurotensin (3.6–36 pmoles min−1) dose-dependently stimulated peristalsis, the degree of stimulation being largest with CCK-8. Histamine, a drug contracting the smooth muscle directly, did not stimulate peristalsis. 3. Atropine (1 μM in the bath and perfusion solution) caused a transient inhibition or blockade of the peristaltic reflex, followed by a partial recovery of peristalsis (“atropine-resistant peristalsis”). Atropine-resistant peristalsis was greatly stimulated by CCK-8 (6–15 pmoles min−1), only slightly stimulated by bombesin (4 pmoles min−1), and first stimulated and then inhibited by neurotensin (36 pmoles min−1). 4. Substance P (11.5–1,000 pmoles min−1) inhibited or abolished atropine-resistant peristalsis, which was probably due to desensitization of intestinal smooth muscle and/or neurones against the peptide. [d-Pro2, d-Trp7,9] substance P, an analogue of substance P with antagonistic properties (40 nmoles min−1), also inhibited atropine-resistant peristalsis. 5. Naloxone (4.6 nmoles min−1) stimulated peristalsis both in the absence and in the presence of atropine; this indicates that endogenous opioids modulate peristaltic motility. 6. It is concluded that neuropeptides stimulate peristalsis by exciting intramural cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurones. The inhibitory actions of substance P desensitization and of the substance P antagonist in the presence of atropine indicate that substance P neurones play a role in the mechanism af the atropine-resistant peristalsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498521
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The site of action of capsaicin on the guinea-pig isolated ileum (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 305 (1978), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; Cholinergic mechanism ; Periarterial mesenteric nerves ; Sensory fibres ; Ileum innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The site and mode of action of capsaicin were analysed on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. 1. Capsaicin produced longitudinal contraction (EC50 4.2×10−8 g/ml) followed by a specific, rapid and irreversible tachyphylaxis (IC50 2.8×10−7 g/ml). 2. Capsaicin was ineffective in the presence of tetrodotoxin (2×10−7 g/ml) or on ilea kept for 24–48 h at 4°C, without an oxygen supply. 3. On ileal segments, the perivascular mesenteric nerves of which were transsected 5–8 days before the experiment, practically no response to capsaicin was obtained. Chronic abdominal bilateral vagotomy was without any effect. 4. Hyoscine (1×10−8–1×10−6 g/ml) or morphine (2×10−6 g/ml) strongly inhibited contractions produced by capsaicin. Neither mecamylamine (1×10−5 g/ml), nor nicotine (5×10−5 g/ml) and dimethylphenylpiperazinium (5×10−6 g/ml) caused any change, while an increased response to capsaicin was obtained in the presence of hexamethonium (1×10−4 g/ml). 5. Unaltered contractions were produced by capsaicin on ileal segments made tachyphylactic to 5-HT, bradykinin or substance P. Histamine antagonists at H1 and H2 receptors (chloropyramine, burimamide), the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, pretreatment with the adrenergic neuron blocking agent guanethidine, as well as in vivo reserpine pretreatment were also ineffective in this respect. 6. It is concluded that in the guinea-pig ileum capsaicin causes predominantly cholinergic contraction by stimulating terminals of extrinsic, non-parasympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497008
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide and ATP co-mediate the NANC relaxant response in the guinea-pig taenia caeci (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 358 (1998), S. 496-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Taenia caeci (guinea-pig) ; Nitric oxide ; NG-nitro-l-arginine ; P2 purinoceptors ; PPADS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG; 100 µM) and the P2 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2’,4’-disulfonic acid (PPADS; 50 µM) was investigated on the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxant response of the guinea-pig isolated taenia caeci to electrical field stimulation at 1 or 10 Hz, under isotonic recording conditions. Either drug alone caused an about 50% inhibition, while combining the two drugs nearly abolished the response at both frequencies. The inhibitory effect of l-NOARG (100 µM) was partly reversed by l-arginine (30 mM). PPADS, but not l-NOARG, inhibited the relaxant effect of exogenous ATP, but not that of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. It is concluded that both nitric oxide and ATP are involved in the mediation of NANC relaxation in the taenia caeci, in an apparently additive manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005283
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