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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1992), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Somatoform disorders ; Somatization disorder ; DSM-III-R ; Lifetime diagnoses ; Affective disorders ; Anxiety disorders ; SCL-90R
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty inpatients with somatoform disorders were examined with the structured clinical interview SCID for psychiatric lifetime diagnosis. In the present diagnoses, we found a concordance of 63% for somatoform and affective disorders and the lifetime comorbidity of both disorders was 87%. Additionally, patients with somatoform disorders frequently had a history of other psychiatric disorders (for example, anxiety disorders, 40%). For 73% of patients with somatoform disorders and a history of affective disorders, the onset of the somatoform disorder was prior to the onset of another psychiatric disorder. The time interval between the onsets of somatoform disorders and affective disorders was greater than 1 year for most patients; for 46% of the patients with a history of both disorders, the time interval between the two disorders was more than 5 years. The course of illness for somatoform and affective disorders was quite different; while affective disorders tended to episodic periods with interim remissions, the somatoform disorders usually showed long, chronic courses (mean duration of the current somatoform disorder was 11.9 years). Finally, the Symptom Check List SCL-90R demonstrated good discrimination between patients with affective and anxiety disorders. However, the SCL-90R failed to discriminate patients with somatoform disorders from affective- and anxiety-disordered subjects. Therefore, the development of other psychometric scales is necessary for the evaluation of patients with somatoform disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Diagnostic checklist ; Personality disorders ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diagnostic checklists for the assessment of DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses have proven to be a reliable and feasable instrument in research and routine clinical care. Therefore, a checklist for the assessment of the DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (MDCL-P) has been developed. An English version of the MDCL-P is available. The MDCL-P has been tested for reliability in a test-retest design. The average duration of the interview was 36 min. Of the patients, 48% received a diagnosis of at least one personality disorder. The Kappa value concerning the distinction personality disorder as opposed to no personality disorder was 0.62. The range of Kappa values of specific personality disorders, which were diagnosed at least five times, was from 0.35 to 0.79.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 218-223 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic assessment of psychiatric diagnoses according to the new classification system ICD-10 can be guided and enhanced by the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL). This instrument was developed and evaluated primarily for use in routine clinical care. It consists of 30 separate lists in pocket form, each assigned to a specific disorder and allowing immediate and operationalized diagnostic decisions (without the need of computer assistance). Personality disorders are covered by a separate 12-page booklet (IDCL-P). Examples of the checklists are given together with possible areas of application. First studies have indicated good clinical practicability and satisfactory to excellent diagnostic reliability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability ; Case Records ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The psychiatric classification systems ICD-10 and DSM-III-R were compared by applying both sets of diagnostic criteria to the same sample of patients suffering from affective and psychotic disorders. Four independent raters assessed diagnoses according to both systems to 100 written case records which had been prepared in a traditional, standard format. The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were employed to rate relevant psychopathological signs and symptoms and to apply diagnostic decision rules. The results showed that ICD-10 yielded a generally higher reliability for all main disorders except for bipolar disorder. Overall reliability was κ=0.53 for diagnoses according to DSM-III-R and 0.59 for diagnoses according to ICD-10. Agreement was best for affective disorders, moderate for schizophrenia and inacceptable for schizoaffective disorder. Insufficient boundaries were found in both systems between schizoaffective disorder on one side and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the other side. The different duration criteria for schizophrenia of six months in DSM-III-R and one month in ICD-10 tend to have considerable consequences for frequency rates of schizophrenia in a typical clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 4-Benzoyl-5-phenylfuran-2,3-dione ; Dibenzoylacetic acid-N-carboxyamides ; Oxazin-2,4-dione ; Keto-enole tautomerism ; Semiempirical quantum chemical calculations ; Crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary 4-Benzoyl-5-phenylfuran-2,3-dione (1) and the urethanes2 combine under loss of carbon monoxide yielding the open chain dibenzoylacetic acid derivatives3 and4. 3a, b only can be cyclized to the oxazinone5. The keto-enole tautomerism3 ⇌4 is further investigated with aid of semiempirical quantum chemical calculations, based upon the molecular geometry of3a, deduced from an X-ray study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Cu-desferrithiocin ; Crystal structure ; Superoxide dismutase activity ; Stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A Cu(II) complex of desferrithiocin fromStreptomyces antibioticus was prepared and characterized. The first shell atoms, including one nitrogen and four oxygens, were arranged around the copper in a square-planar pyramide. Due to the axially Jahn-Teller-distorted Cu-O distance at 224.7 pm, a distinct Cu2Zn2superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was measured. The Cu-complex survived 600 μM bovine serum albumin and the thermodynamic stability (pK=17.4) was not very different from that of Cu-EDTA. The electronic absorption properties, circular dichroism and electron paramagnetism were in accordance with those of the type-II copper species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; crystal structure ; halogen compounds ; nitrides ; selenium compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Se2NBr3, a planar molecule shaped liked dividers, was formed by the reaction of SeBr4 with N(SiMe3)3, which reduced the selenium to the trivalent state. Under the same conditions, Se2NCl5 was obtained by the reaction of SeCl4 with N(SiMe3)3, retaining the tetravalent state of selenium. The molecule is formed by two edge-sharing pseudotrigonal bipyramids with selenium as their central atoms. Se2NCl5 reacts with PPh4Cl to form the Se2NCl-6 ion by the addition of a Cl- ion to only one of the two selenium atoms, resulting in pseudooctahedral coordination of this atom. Ab initio calculations for all the compounds reported confirm the experimentally determined structures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3151-3163 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure, and Isomerism of Stable diphosphorylated EnolsUnder addition of the intermediary formed HP(O)Ph2 to the double bond of 1a-c the hydrolysis of the unsaturated acyldiphenylphosphane oxides R1R2C = CR3C(O)P(O)Ph2 (1a-c) yields the E-isomeric phosphorylated enols Ph2(O)P—CR1R2—CR3 = C(OH)P(O)Ph2 ((E)-3a-c). At the same time the Z-isomer 3c and, under addition of HP(O)Ph2 to the carbonyl group of 1b, also the phosphinate 4b can be isolated. 3b,c is also obtained from 1b,c and HP(O)Ph2 or from the acylphosphane R1R2C = CR3C(O)PPh2 (2c) and HP(O)Ph2 under oxidative conditions. The course of the reaction is proved for the example of 1b using D2O and DP(O)Ph2, respectively which results in the formation of the deuterated enol Ph2(O)P—CR1R2—CR3 = C(OD)P(O)Ph2 ((E)- 5b). The action of the acid chloride CH3CH = CHC(O)Cl on CH3OPPh2 generates via the enol ether Ph2(O)P—CHCH3—CH = C(OCH3)P(O)Ph2 (6d) and the following reaction with HP(O)Ph2, the phosphorylated enol Ph2(O)P—CHCH3—CH = C(OH)P(O)Ph2 ((E)-7d). On the basis of X-ray crystallographic investigations the constitutional isomers (E)-3b and 4b crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4.
    Notes: Die Hydrolyse der ungesättigten Acyldiphenylphosphanoxide R1R2C = CR3C(O)P(O)Ph2 (1a-c) liefert unter Addition von intermediär entstehendem HP(O)Ph2 an die Doppelbindung von 1a-c die E-isomeren phosphorylierten Enole Ph2(O)P—CR1R2L—CR3 = C(OH)P(O)Ph2 ((E)-3a-c). Daneben kann das Z-Isomere 3c, und unter Addition von HP(O)Ph2 an die Carbonylgruppe von 1b auch das Phosphinat 4b isoliert werden. 3b,c erhält man auch aus 1b,c und HP(O)Ph2 oder aus dem Acylphosphan R1R2C = CR3C(O)PPh2 (2c) und HP(O)Ph2 unter oxidierenden Bedingungen. Der Ablauf der Reaktion wird am Beispiel von 1b unter Verwendung von D2O bzw. DP(O)Ph2 geprüft, die zum deuterierten Enol Ph2(O)P—CR1R2—CR3 = C(OD)P(O)Ph2((E)- 5b) führt. Bei der Einwirkung des Säurechlorids CH3CH = CHC(O)Cl auf CH3OPPh2 entsteht über den Enolether Ph2(O)P—CHCH3—CH = C(OCH3)P(O)Ph2 (6d) und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit HP(O)Ph2 das phosphorylierte Enol Ph2(O)P—CHCH3—CH = C(OH)P(O)Ph2 ((E)-7d). Auf Grund von Röntgenstrukturanalysen kristallisieren die konstitutionsisomeren Verbindungen (E)-3b und 4b in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/n mit Z = 4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2785-2789 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Allylidenephosphoranes, IV. An Easy Synthesis of Cyclopentadienones (Cyclones)The allylidenephosphoranes 2 react with α-ketocarbonyl chlorides 3 readily to afford the cyclopentadienones 4 and their Diels-Alder dimers 5. With an excess of 2a, 4a undergoes competitive Michael additions yielding a mixture of 4-allylidene-2-cyclopentenone 6 and 4-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopentenone 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XXXI1). Comparative Studies on Three-, Four-, and Five-Membered Phosphamolybda- and -tungstacycloalkanesThe novel phosphidomolybdate Na2[LnMoPPh2] (2a) [LnMo = (η5-C5H5)Mo(CO)2 (a)] with two nucleophilic centres which yields the methyl derivative LnCH3MoPPh2CH3 (7a) with (CH3O)2SO2, is obtained by reduction of LnBrMoPPh2H (1a) with sodium in THF. The action of the geminal dichlorides Cl2CHR on 2a leads to the formation of the phosphamolybdacyclopropanes LnM⊓oPPh2⊓CHR (8, 8′a) [R = H (8a), CH3 (8′a)]. On the basis of an X-ray crystallographic investigation 8a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4, is provided with a rather short P - C bond distance (ca. 174 pm), and shows dynamic behaviour in solution. The free activation enthalpy which is necessary for the rotation of the side-on bound CH2 - PPh2 group, is calculated from the 1H NMR spectra to give δG± = 53.9 kJ/mole. By reductive cyclization of the intermediates LnXMPPh2 - [CH2]n - Cl (4b, 5, 6a, b) [n = 1 (4), 2 (5), 3 (6)] with sodium amalgam which are obtained from LnXMCO (3a, b) [LnM = (η5-C5H5)W(CO)2 (b] and the ligands Ph2P - [CH2]n - Cl, the three- to five-membered metallacycloalkanes LnΧMPPh2 - [CH2]n (8b, 9, 10a, b) are accessible. In contrast to 8a into the Mo - C bond
    Notes: Durch Reduktion von LnBrMoPPh2H (1a) [LnMo = (η5-C5H5)Mo(CO)2 (a)] mit Natrium in THF erhält man das neuartige Phosphidomolybdat Na2[LnMoPPh2] (2a) mit zwei nucleophilen Zentren, welches mit (CH3O)2SO2 das Methylderivat LnCH3MoPPh2CH3 (7a) liefert. Die Einwirkung der geminalen Dichloride Cl2CHR auf 2a führt zu den Phosphamolybdacyclopropanen LnM⊓oPPh2⊓CHR (8, 8′a) [R = H (8a), CH3 (8′a)]. Nach einer Röntgenstrukturuntersuchung kristallisiert 8a in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c mit Z = 4, besitzt einen ziemlich kurzen P - C-Abstand (ca. 174 pm) und zeigt in Lösung dynamisches Verhalten. Die für die Rotation der „side-on“-gebundenen CH2 - PPh2-Gruppe notwendige Freie Aktivierungsenthalpie berechnet sich aus den 1H-NMR-Spektren zu δG± = 53.9 kJ/mol. Durch reduktive Cyclisierung der aus LnXMCO (3a, b) [LnM = (η5-C5H5)W(CO)2 (b)] und den Liganden Ph2P - [CH2]n - Cl erhaltenen Intermediate LnXMPPh2 - [CH2]n - Cl (4b, 5, 6a, b) [n = 1 (4), 2 (5), 3 (6)] mit Natriumamalgam, sind die drei-bis fünfgliedrigen Metallacycloalkane Ln-MPPh2-[CH2]n (8b, 9, 10a, b) zugänglich. Im Gegensatz zu 8a läßt sich in die Mo - C-Bindung von 9, 10a SO2 einschieben unter Bildung der cyclischen Sulfinato-S-Komplexe LnMoPPh2 - [CH2]n -So2 (11, 12a) [n = 2 (11a), 3 (12a)].
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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