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Notes: Vestibular sulcus extension surgery was performed on 16 patients. The periodontal condition was assessed by measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets and from colour photographs just before and 12 months after the operation. An X-ray cephalometric examination was carried out before, immediately after the operation and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months later. An analysis of the radiographs to determine the depth of the vestibule sulcus showed that during the first month there was a marked relapse, though with some residual gain, which steadily increased up to the 12-month followup. The ultimate gain was on average 2-3 mm (x = 2.1 mm). There was no difference between the pre- and postoperative mobility of the bestibular sulcus. There was no correlation between the increase in the depth of the vestibular sulcus and the periodontal condition. The symptoms and signs associated with the operation were minor.

Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to compare changes in periodontal status of a Swedish population over a 10-year period expressed as frequency distributions of individuals according to severity of periodontal disease experience. The study involved 600 randomly selected individuals evenly distributed into age groups 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years, examined in 1973 and another randomly selected group of 597 individuals similarly age distributed and examined in 1983. Based on clinical data and full mouth intraoral radiographs all individuals were classified into 5 groups according to severity of periodontal disease experience, In 1983, 23% of the individuals were classified as having healthy periodontal tissues, group 1, compared to 8% in 1973. The changes were most pronounced in the age groups 20 and 30 years, among whom 58% and 35%, respectively, were registered as having healthy periodontal in 1983. The prevalence of individuals with gingivitis without signs of lowered periodontal bone level, group 2, was 22% in 1983 compared to 41% in 1973. In all, 49% of the dentate population in 1973 and 45% in 1983 showed no marginal alveolar bone loss. Moderate peridontal bone loss, group 3, was found in 41% of the population in 1983 compared to 47% in 1973. Among 30-. 40-, and 50-year-olds, there were more, and among 60- and 70-year-olds, fewer individuals in this group in 1983 compared to 1973. 96% of the dentate population were classified as belonging to groups 1, 2 or 3 in 1973 compared to 86% in 1983. Individuals with severe periodontal bone loss, group 4, were few in 1973 and not found before the age of 50, In 1983, the prevalence of individuals belonging to group 4 had increased and amounted to 1% of the 20-year-olds, 9% of the 50-year-olds, 25% of 60-year-olds and 38% of 70-year-olds. On the average, 11% of the dentate population were found in group 4 in 1983 compared to 2% in 1973. The prevalence of individuals belonging to group 5, i.e., alveolar bone loss around the majority of the teeth exceeding V, of the normal bone height and the presence of angular bony defects and/or furcation defects, was 1% in 1973 and 2% in 1983. There were no individuals younger than 40 years in this group. Based on gingivitis and probing pocket scores, 33% of the individuals classified to groups 3 and 4 were considered periodontally healthy although with reduced periodontal support. In periodontal disease severity group 5, no individual was considered periodontally healthy.

Notes: Abstract The apically repositioned flap procedure, by definition, implies that the mucogingival junction (MGJ) is shifted into an apical location. That this actually would be the case has never been shown in long-term studies. The 13 subjects in the present study had during the years 1964–1965 received treatment of moderately advanced periodontal disease (probing pocket depths ≤5 mm) in the lower jaw. An apically repositioned flap (ARF) procedure was applied in the left or right half of the mandible and a gingivectomy (GE) was performed in the contralateral side. Starting in December 1981, the patients were recalled for clinical and radio-graphic determination of long-term results. The width of the band of keratinized gingiva was measured clinically and the distance from the MGJ to the lower border of the mandible (LBM) was measured from orthopantomograms. Slightly less keratinized gingiva was observed on the sides where GE had been used. There was no statistically significant difference in the orthopantomographic distance from the MGJ to the LBM between ARF and GE operations. The results indicate that the apically repositioned flap procedure does not result in a permanent apical shift of the MGJ.

Notes: Abstract A 6-year follow-up study was carried out on 28 patients fitted with removable partial dentures. Prior to the prosthetic treatment all patients were given oral hygiene instruction and periodontal therapy where indicated. The removable partial dentures were carefully planned and designed. During the follow-up period the patients were examined at yearly intervals when remotivation, scalings, conservation and prosthetic adjustments were carried out as required. Patient cooperation was excellent and no significant deterioration of the periodontal status of the remaining teeth could be found, In addition the number of newly registered carious lesions was low. A certain degree of deterioration of occlusion, articulation, stability and clasp retention of the dentures fitted did occur, however.

Notes: Abstract A multifactorial approach has been used to identify some predictors of postoperative intrabony defects (IBD) on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar (M2) after impacted lower third molar (M3) surgery. The material consisted of 215 lower third molar removals, performed on 144 persons (age range 16–53 years; mean 27.2 years). The postoperative examination took place 2 years after impaction surgery and included both clinical and radiographic variables. Statistically significant (5% significance level) predictors of IBD found in stepwise multiple regression analyses were: (1) preoperative intrabony defect M2 distal; (2) age at the time of surgery; (3) size of contact-area M3/M2; (4) root resorption M2 distal; (5) probing dept distal surface of adjacent first molar postoperatively; (6) pathological follicle M3. The regression model with IBD as regressand produced a total R2 of 0.45. When the regressand was the difference between IBD and the preoperative intrabony defect, the regression analysis explained 62% of the variance (R2=0.62). These regression models explained the variance in terms of the size of the remaining postoperative intrabony defect as well as in terms of periodontal healing after impacted lower third molar surgery.

Notes: Abstract The influence of the water irrigating device. Water Pik®, on the accumulation of plaque and development of gingivitis has been studied using the model, “experimental gingivitis in man”. The investigation was carried out on 41 patient volunteers whose teeth were thoroughly scaled and polished during a 4-week period of intensive oral hygiene preceding each experimental period. Gingival exudation. Plaque Index and Gingival Index were registered at the beginning of the experimental periods. The participants were then divided into four groups. Groups A and B abandoned all forms of active oral hygiene. Group A, however, were given Water Pik devices as the only oral hygiene aid. Groups C and D continued to clean their teeth using a toothbrush and Group C were given Water Pik devices as a supplementary aid. After 14 days, gingival exudation. Plaque Index, Gingival Index and soft tissue injuries were registered. The results showed that, while both groups A and B demonstrated extensive plaqtie deposits and gingivitis, these were present to a significantly lesser degree in Water Pik users. The toothbrushing groups (C and D) failed to demonstrate any further reduction of plaque or gingivitis when Water Pik was introduced as an additional measure. No soft tissue injuries were found.

Notes: Abstract This study was performed to elucidate the effect of periodontal treatment on the sinus mucosa. 21 patients with periodontal lesions of the upper molars and/or premolars and chronic mucous membrane thickening in the maxillary sinus diagnosed radiographically participated in the study. No teeth in the regions studied showed pulpal or periapical changes. Altogether, the patients exhibited 36 maxillary sinuses with mucous membrane thickening. 15–20 months after the final periodontal treatment, a marked reduction of the plaque index, gingival index and probing depth was recorded. Radiographic examination of the sinus mucosa before and after periodontal treatment showed that successful periodontal treatment in all quadrants resulted in normalisation of the sinus mucosa. Periodontal treatment was not successful in 2 quadrants. In one of these cases the thickness of the mucosa was unchanged and in the other case, further thickening of the mucosa seemed to have occurred. The study shows that severe periodontitis of the upper molars and/or premolars may initiate mucous membrane thickening in the maxillary sinus, and that successful periodontal treatment results in normalisation of the sinus mucosa.

Notes: Background, aims: In 1973, a random sample of 574 dentate individuals aged 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, were examined clinically and radiographically to assess oral health and overall treatment needs. Periodontal examination included registration of plaque, gingivitis, probing depths at four aspects of each tooth, and interproximal bone height measurements on full-mouth intraoral radiographs. In 1990, 17 years later, the same individuals were invited to participate in a new investigation. Of these, 433 (75%) agreed to participate in the investigation and were re-examined (Hugoson & Laurell 2000). The proximal alveolar bone height at all interproximal sites was measured and expressed as per cent of tooth length. Only teeth that were present in both 1973 and 1990 were included in the assessment of changes in bone score. From the age of 30 years, about 80% of the population had one or more sites with a bone loss of 2–3 mm or more. Seventeen per cent of the individuals had more than six such sites, indicating destructive periodontal disease. Bone loss occurred at sites both with and without previous bone loss. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that sites with a bone loss of 10% or more of the tooth length (2–3 mm) during the 17 years were randomly distributed in the dentition.Material and methods: Of the 13,197 sites examined in individuals 20–60 years at baseline, 1201 sites (9.0%) in 998 teeth with a bone loss corresponding to 10% or more of the tooth length were found and included in the analysis. A probability test for binomial distribution was used to test the null hypothesis that all teeth had the same risk of losing bone regardless of its position in the dentition. The valid risk for each tooth was 3.571% and the null hypothesis was rejected at the 95% confidence interval.Results: Although all tooth types were affected by tooth loss, some teeth, namely 17, 16, 42, 41, and 31, showed a higher incidence of sites losing bone, whereas 46, 45, 44, and 36 had a lower incidence. Loser sites in smokers appeared more at random.Conclusion: Sites that will develop periodontal break-down over time may appear at random, although with higher risk at maxillary molars and lower incisors. For the early detection of destructive periodontitis, periodontal examination that includes all teeth should be made routine in every dental check-up.

Notes: Aim: The purpose of this study was to study the healing, following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment, of bone defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars (M2s) after surgical removal of impacted mesioangularly or horizontally inclined third molars (M3s) in patients 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE270506:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉25 years.Method: 20 patients with bilateral soft tissue impacted M3s were included in the split-mouth study. The 2 sites to be treated in each patient were randomised before the 1st operation as to which would undergo the test procedure and which would be the control site. After surgical removal of M3 at test sites, a resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) barrier was attached to M2 to cover the post-surgical bone defect. The flap was then replaced and sutured to cover the barrier. Control sites underwent the same procedure, as did the test sites, with the exception that no barrier was placed. The clinical examinations performed were oral hygiene pre- and 12 months postoperatively and probing pocket depth 12 months postoperatively. The alveolar bone level (ABL) at the distal surface of the M2, as determined from radiographs taken at suture removal and 12 months postsurgery, was chosen to be the primary response variable.Results: Most bone defects showed healing up to 10%–20% of the tooth length at both test and control sites. 2 test and 2 control sites showed no improvement in the bone level. The mean values of bone healing registered in mm from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) were 2.6±2.19 SD and 3.0±2.20 SD for test and control sites, respectively. Different factors affecting the healing result are discussed.