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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temazepam or midazolam for night sedation. A double-blind study (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of oral temazepam (20 mg), oral midazolam (15 mg) and a placebo were compared for night sedation on the evening prior to surgery in a double-blind study. Patients in the placebo group had significantly worse sleep than those in the temazepam (p = 0.004) or midazolam groups (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the two drug groups, nor between the residual effects of the three treatments. Temazepam appears to be somewhat more effective than the ultrashort-acting midazolam in pre-operative transient insomnia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb13596.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexmedetomidine as intramuscular premedication for day-case cataract surgery (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1, midazolam 20 μg.kg-1 and saline placebo were assessed in a double-blind, randomised study in 90 patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia. The trial drug was injected into the deltoid muscle 45 min before the peri-ocular block. Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1 decreased intra-ocular pressure before, during and after surgery. The maximum reduction in mean (SD) intra-ocular pressure occurred in the dexmedetomine group just before discharge from hospital (17.7 (2.8) mmHg to 11.5 (2.9) mmHg) (p 〈 0.001 compared with midazolam and placebo). In contrast, midazolam did not differ from saline placebo. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam produced a similar sedative effect of short duration. Dexmedetomidine induced a moderate decrease in blood pressure (p 〈 0.001 compared with placebo) and a slight but statistically significant decrease in heart rate throughout the study period (p 〈 0.001 compared with placebo). Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1 intramuscularly, effectively reduced intra-ocular pressure and produced short-acting sedation with marginal cardiovascular effects; it may be a useful premedicant drug for elderly patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04257.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexmedetomidine as intramuscular premedication in outpatient cataract surgery (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alpha2 agonists have been shown to decrease intra-ocular pressure in ophthalmic surgery. We studied the effects of dexmedetomidine, a new a2 agonist, on intra-ocular pressure, haemodynamic parameters, sedation, anxiolysis and dryness of mouth in 35 (Asa physical status 1–3) patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under peri-ocular anaesthesia. Five different doses of dexmedetomidine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 μg.kg−1) were used in this double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled study. The trial drug was administered into the deltoid muscle 60 min before surgery. The 1.0 μg.kg−1 dose of dexmedetomidine produced a 32% reduction of intra-ocular pressure (p = 0.002). This dose induced moderate sedation, but was not associated with significant haemodynamic changes. A significant decrease in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was seen only with the highest dose of dexmedetomidine. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg−1 produces sedation and a reduction of intra-ocular pressure with minimal haemodynamic side effects when given intramuscularly as premedication before cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07066.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is clonidine an anaesthetic in man? (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02288.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Midazolam versus atropine plus pethidine as premedication in children (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of oral midazolam or intramuscular atropine and pethidine used as premedication in two groups of 35 children over 5 years of age were studied. There was some evidence that the anxiolytic effect of midazolam was rather better than that of atropine plus pethidine, but, in other respects, subjective assessments in the two patient groups were similar. Intramuscular atropine caused tachycardia and subjective side-effects, nevertheless children appear to require anticholinergics during premedication because of excessive salivary secretion, especially during extubation. Oral midazolam is a new anxiolytic drug which can be used as an alternative to existing premedicant drugs, but, in children, it should still be combined with an anticholinergic agent. No correlation between serum levels of midazolam or atropine and their clinical effects was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb07231.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of midazolam and flunitrazepam for night sedation (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 37 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a double-blind randomised study midazolam 15 mg and flunitrazepam 2 mg caused a significantly better night's sleep than placebo. Midazolam had a moderate sedative effect the following morning but, in other respects studied, no residual effects were found. In contrast, flunitrazepam decreased both the degree of apprehension and excitement the following morning. Flunitrazepam also inhibited salivary secretion and caused less cardiovascular changes than placebo or midazolam. The dose of thiopentone needed for induction of anaesthesia was significantly lower in those given flunitrazepam. The results show that midazolam is a potent sedative agent with a short duration of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1982.tb01854.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in parturients (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive radioreceptor assay was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium 6 μg/kg after intramuscular (deltoid muscle) administration in eight Caesarean section patients. A fast absorption rate was found with a mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax of 6.3 (SD 1.5) ng/ml, a mean time to Cmax (Tmax) of 10.0 (3.8) minutes and the elimination half-life (Tl of 33.4 (1.92). The respective AUC0–8 h value was 5.61 (1.27) hours ng/ml. This dose produced a significant increase in the maternal heart rate after 10 minutes (p 〈 0.05) and an antisialogogue effect after 30 minutes (p 〈 0.05) of the drug injection. Almost half of drug (48.3%) was excreted into the urine within 3 hours. There were no measurable levels of glycopyrronium in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after 60 minutes of drug injection. The concentrations of glycopyrronium in the umbilical venous (0.28 (0.25) ng/ml) and in the umbilical arterial (0.18 (0.11) ng/ml) plasma after 86 minutes of drug injection were low and clinically insignificant, as was the case in the amniotic fluid (0.15 (0.08) ng/ml).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14385.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between propofol and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in children (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was compared with thiopentone 5 mg/kg in a randomised open study, as an induction agent in paediatric anaesthesia. One hundred and twenty children who were to undergo elective surgery were included in the study. Both propofol and thiopentone produced a rapid and smooth induction with a low incidence of side effects. A similar decrease (10%) in mean arterial pressure was observed with both agents, hut propofol showed better suppression of the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. Respiratory upsets occurred less frequently with propofol than with thiopentone, but propofol frequently induced discomfort on injection. Both agents provided satisfactory and controllable induction of anaesthesia and no major adverse reactions occurred during or after anaesthesia. We conclude that propofol is a useful alternative as an induction agent in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb04162.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tropisetron and metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and twenty patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery under general anaesthesia were investigated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel group study of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Patients received tropisetron 0.1 mg.kg–1, metoclopramide 0.25mg.kg–1 or placebo given at the end of anaesthesia. In comparison with placebo, tropisetron significantly reduced the degree of nausea (p〈 0.01), whereas metoclopramide reduced both nausea (p 〈 0.05) and vomiting (p 〈 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two active agents in their efficacy to postoperative nausea and vomiting. The patients in the placebo group required rescue antiemesis more often in the postanaesthesia care unit. Our results suggest that tropisetron may not be suitable as a routine, primary therapy for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb13639.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites in the plasma after an acute and chronic administration (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 36 (1974), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Diazepam Therapy ; Enzyme Induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma diazepam, N-demethyldiazepam, and free oxazepam concentrations were studied in 12 neurotic outpatients during subchronic use, in 14 outpatients after chronic use, and in 8 test subjects after an acute intravenous administration. There are several reasons for believing that diazepam may induce its own metabolism in man: 1. The decrease in diazepam and N-demethyldiazepam concentrations in the plasma after 1–6 weeks therapy. 2. Comparatively low plasma diazepam concentrations in patients who had taken diazepam for several months or years. 3. Much higher concentrations of N-demethyldiazepam, the main metabolite, after intravenously given diazepam in chronic users of diazepam as compared to controls. 4. The decrease in the ability to form N-demethyldiazepam after abstinence, when diazepam was administered intravenously to a chronic user of diazepam before and after the abstinence of the drug. Diazepam should be administered in small doses and for short periods of time only, or intermittently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421784
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