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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) was shown to induce a small but significant increase in the level of cGMP after 20 min stimulation and a subsequent fall afler 1 h in activated T lymphocytes. No change in the level of cAMP was observed. Addition of the cyclic nucleotide analogues dbcAMP or dbcGMP did not stimulate DNA synthesis. On the contrary, IL-2-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited by these drugs. Further, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophyllin inhibited proliferation of activated T lymphocytes. Our results indicate that neither cAMP nor cGMP act as ‘second messengers’ for IL-2 but support the theory that cAMP is a negative regulator of cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between free cytoplasmic calcium, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and expression of high-affinity interleukin 2 receptors (HA-IL-2R) on human T lymphocytes was studied. Induction of HA-IL-2R by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was associated with an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium and a transient increase in membrane-associated PKC. However, whereas addition of EGTA inhibited induction of receptors by PHA, addition of the PKC-inhibitor H7 did not. 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (PMA) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-racglycerol (OAG) were both found to activate and translocate PKC. However, only PMA induced expression of HA-IL-2R. Not surprisingly, the effect of PMA was independent of extracellular calcium, but was inhibited by H7. Furthermore, a correlation between the number of HA-IL-2R and free cytoplasmic calcium upon stimulation with ionomycin was observed. Associated with the rise in intracellular calcium, the ionophore caused a slight increase in membrane-associat4ed PKC. Also, addition of 117 inhibited expression of HA-IL-2R. Finally, OAG and ionomycin acted synergistically on expression of HA-IL-2R. In conclusion, induction of HA-IL-2R requires at least two different signals and neither activation of PKC nor an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium is sufficient. However, these two signals may act synergistically. There is evidence for both a PKC- and calcium-independent pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 1 (1948), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 12 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: . Prince George, B.C. required 15 mgd additional municipal water supply. A cost comparison led to the selection of the Nechako Aquifer ground-water supply instead of the Nechako River surface-water supply. A Fehlmann horizontal collector, consisting of a 16-inch diameter reinforced concrete caisson, 100 feet deep, with 1788 feet of 8-inch diameter polystyrene screen, projecting spoke-like at the bottom of the caisson, was installed. On test, the collector produced 15.3 mgd of clean, excellent quality water, with 6.7 feet drawdown under equilibrium conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 10 (1971), S. 7-13 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 185-213 
    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 60 (1938), S. 2431-2434 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ficolins play a role in the innate immune defence as pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition molecules. Three ficolins are found in humans: H-ficolin, L-ficolin and M-ficolin. L-ficolin and H-ficolin circulate in blood in complexes with mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and are capable of activating the complement system. L-ficolin shows affinity for acetylated compounds and binds to various capsulated strains of bacteria. H-ficolin has been shown to bind Aerococcus viridans. Less is known about M-ficolin, but it is thought to be present only on monocytes. We have synthesized recombinant M-ficolin and find that it, in a manner similar to L-ficolin, is able to bind to acetylated compounds and to associate with recombinant MASP-2. Upon binding to M-ficolin ligands, the associated MASP-2 zymogen is activated and cleaves C4, thus triggering the complement system. We developed a monoclonal rat anti-human-M/L-ficolin antibody and verified by flow cytometric analysis the presence of ficolin on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study we investigated the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ten human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals were included and IL-2 was administered subcutaneously with 3 × 106 IU three times a week for 24 weeks. Mean TRF length was decreased on average by 267 bp at week 4 (P = 0.03) and 286 bp at week 8 (P = 0.09). Individual TRF changes at weeks 12, 16, 20 and 24 were highly variable. However, in the 12 weeks following therapy, TRF lengths generally increased reaching baseline levels by the end of the study. At baseline, mean TRF lengths were positively correlated to the ratio of naïve and memory phenotype within both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. This study shows that IL-2 treatment induces transient shortened mean TRF lengths in PBMC from HIV-infected individuals, indicating that IL-2 enhances the lymphocyte count by peripheral proliferation or recruitment of memory T cells into the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We followed a number of in vitro parameters in nine adult patients with atopic dermatitis for a period of 3 weeks during which the patients took herbal drugs that are claimed to improve chronic eczema. The following investigations were performed weekly: blood leucocytes, circulating eosinophils, serum IgE, mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes, interleukin 1 release, soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in serum, and in vitro histamine release from basophils in blood. The study demonstrated increased levels of IgE in six patients, increased levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor in six patients, and a significant correlation between the amount of IgE in serum and the maximal release of histamine from basophils in blood. In this open study five patients experienced a clinical worsening of their disease during the intake of herbal medicine. All other parameters were within normal levels. There was no significant change in the in vitro parameters during the observation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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