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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T Cell-Dependent B Cell Activation (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 78 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1984.tb00483.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Participation of B Cells and Antibodies in the Selection and Maintenance of T Cell Repertoires (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 101 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00738.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of Helper T Cells for B Lymphocytes in Primary Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 18 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal BIO.BR (H-2k, C57B1/6 background) spleen cells, enriched in primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) for antigens of C3H/Tif mice (H-2k, C3H background), induced normal C3H/Tif but not B10.BR B lymphocytes to proliferate and produce Ig. In contrast, normal B10.BR spleen cells enriched in parallel B10.BR anti-C57B1/6 (H-2k) MLC were not able to activate either B10.BR or C57B1/6 B lymphocytes. However, normal B10.BR spleen cells depleted of Lyt 2+ cells before initiation of the MLC, and subsequently enriched either for C3H/Tif or C57B1/6 antigens, activated B lymphocytes of the respective mouse strains specifically and equally well. These experiments show that primary MLC gives rise to effector T helper cells that, on recognition of specific alloantigens. activate normal B lymphocytes of the ‘stimulator’ strain. In response to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens, this help is not revealed because of interference by Lyt 2+ lymphocytes. MHC-reactive T helper cells for B lymphocytes, however, participate in these reactions and constitute the predominant population in long-term cultures that are maintained by consecutive in vitro restimulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00859.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and Characterization of the Interleukin 2 Receptor α and β Chain Expression inCD4−CD8− Cells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differential effects that the binding of interleukin 2(IL-2)to its β or αβ receptors might induce in two different CD4− CD8− T-cell lines were analysed. While LDl. T3b, a double-negative T cell derived from MRL/Ipr mice, constitutively expressed high levels of the IL-2R β chain, YAC-1, a Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed CD4− CD8−T cell, expressed (as an activated T cell) the β and α chains. The presence of IL-2 in the culture medium was lethal for LDl. T3b cells, while it had no effect on the growth of YAC-1 cells. IL-2 increased the exprcssion of the β chain and, to a lesser extent, of the α chain in YAC-1 cells. In addition, other markers such as CD4 and CD5 were induced by IL-2 in this celt line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02796.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Efficient Expression of Proteins Encoded by Recombinant Vaccinia Virus in Lymphocytes (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) that expresses E. coli β galactosidase (β-Gal) to infect lymphocytes, we show that enzymometrically or immunologically detectable β-Gal expression is less pronounced among T cells than among B cells, VV infection caused growth inhibition of B cells, but barely affected T-cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, the production of infectious viral particles was less pronounced in T lymphocytes. Kinetic studies revealed that after an initial dose-dependent growth inhibition, T cells continued to proliferate without the doubling time being affected by VV infection. Nonetheless. The T cells do express proteins encoded by recombinant VV. such β-Gal. or secrete soluble proteins such as interleukin-4, though at a lower efficiency at the per cell level than B lymphocytes. In conclusion, the physiology of T cells appears lo be less perturbed by VV than that of B ceils, although the virus is capable of directing expression of recombinant genes to T lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01585.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of I-A/E Molecules in B-Lymphoeyte Activation (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously demonstrated that monoclunal anti-I-A/E antibodies inhibit B-cell responses lolipupolysaccharide (LPS). In the present report, the inhibitory effects were shown to be carried out directly on B cells. and to be totally independent of the LPS concentration used, thereby showing that antibodies do not mediate their effect through blocking of accessory cells or steric hindrance of LPS-receptors. Of the three different phases in B-cell activation/ induction, proliferation, and maturation, induction was shown to be the most sensitive to inhibition by anti-I-A/E antibodies. Thus, kinetic studies showed that anti-I-A/E antibodies are only inhibitory for the first 16 h of LPS activation, after which B cells can no longer be inhibited by these antibodies. Class II MHC molecules appear, therefore, to be part of a membrane molecular complex which regulates delivery of activation signals to resting B ceils. Since it was also shown that this time period corresponds approximately to the time required for B cells to express functional reaciivity to growth factors, we suggest that anti-I-A/E antibodies act on resting B lymphocytes to inhibit mitogen-dependent induction of growth receptor expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01068.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Model System for the Analysis of B-Cell Activation and Effector T-Cell Functions (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have attempted to develop an in vitro system where polyclonal B lymphocyte responses could be induced in ‘antigen-like’ conditions, that is, where surface immunoglobulin-dependant binding mediates interaction with a mitogen. Monoclonal anti-μ and anti-δ antibodies were covalently bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and these complexes were shown to display mitogenic activity. Polyclonal plaque-forming-cell (PFC) responses, however, were diminished in cultures stimulated by anti-μ-LPS (but not by anti-δ-LPS) indicating that ‘anti-μ inhibition’ of terminal B-cell differentiation also applies to ‘specific’ antibody responses. Moreover, the analysis of the functional activity of monoclonal antibodies to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules revealed a surprising synergy between low. non-stimulatory concentrations of anti-μ-LPS (but not anti-SdL-LPS) with anti-I-A antibodies. These responses are T-cell dependent and synergy with anti-μ-LPS conjugates can also be obtained with ‘naturally’ activated CD4+ cells isolated from normal donors. A model of molecular and cellular interactions was derived, which accounts for the present findings and is applicable in antigen-dependent lymphocyte collaboration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01098.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Hypothesis for the Selection of Available Repertoires: T-Cell Network Early in the Intrathymic Differentiation (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: T-cell recognition requires direct cell-cell interactions mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted α-β heterodimeric receptors (Ti) in association with a constant protein complex termed T3 (TcR, Ti-T3). Interleukin 2 (IL-2) promotes growth and maturation of T cells upon binding to high affinity receptors (IL2-R). They are expressed after the recognition of antigen on accessory cells through the TcR [44]. Furthermore, current hypotheses propose that T-cell interactions are also mediated by a group of T-cell antigens, particularly T4/L3T4 and T8/Lyt 2 [35], and perhaps Tγ [15]. All their encoding genes are rearranged and/or expressed sequentially during thymocyte differentiation [5, 8, 40, 41, 46, 51, 52]. Thus, developmental analyses of T-cell function are essential to gain insight into the mechanisms for selection of available repertoires, one of the central problems in immunology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02182.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of idiotypic helper T-cell repertoires early in life (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 317 (1985), S. 721-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experimental system previously described has been used throughout these studies7. T-helper cells specific for trinitro-phenol (TNP)-modified self-antigens (anti-TNP-self Th) were prepared as before13, by intra-tail priming of adult BALB/c mice with TNP-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317721a0
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ras-mediated cell proliferation and cell death: some clues from the interleukin-2 receptor system (1996)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 1 (1996), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; cell proliferation ; IL-2 ; Ras
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oncoproteins of the Ras family have been extensively studied because of their implication in human cancer. Their roles have been primarily assigned to the commandment of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, which has also been demonstrated by the involvement of Ras activation in the signal transduction pathways triggered by most cytokine receptors. Nevertheless, the functions of Ras proteins have been extended in the last years by the findings showing that they can also act as promoters or enhancers of apoptosis in various systems and conditions. These considerations have raised the issue as to how the signals delivered by Ras are regulated and translated in terms of cellular responses, suggesting that signal complementation may direct the final fate of cells. As an example, the interleukin-2 receptor system may represent a useful model in which the meaning of Ras signals may be evaluated in terms of interactions with other simultaneous signalling events, since knowledge of the biochemical events triggered by the interaction of interleukin-2 with its cell surface receptor in lymphocytes has allowed the proposal of a complete signalling model arranged in three independent channels, one of which is mediated by Ras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321100
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