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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping thyrotropin β subunit gene in man and mouse (1986)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 12 (1986), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thyrotropin (TSH) is composed of two subunits: α and β. Previously, we have mapped the TSHα gene to human chromosome 6 and mouse chromosome 4. In this study we have located the human TSHβ gene on chromosome 1 and the mouse TSHβ gene to chromosome 3. These data suggest that the TSHβ gene lies in a conserved linkage group with the genes for amylase 1 and 2, nerve growth factor, and the protooncogene Nras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570791
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative regeneration ecology of three leguminous timber species in a Bolivian tropical dry forest (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 45-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Anadenanthera ; Bolivia ; Centrolobium ; Copaifera ; regeneration ; tropical dry forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study of the regeneration ecology ofthree lesser-known leguminous timber species wasconducted in the seasonally dry forests of SantaCruz, Bolivia to determine species regenerationstrategies and make silvicultural recommendationsfor these species. The study included arepresentative from each subfamily of Leguminosae:Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Conc.) Benth.(Mimosaceae), Copaifera chodatiana Kunth.(Caesalpinaceae), and Centrolobium microchaeteC. Martius (Fabaceae). After production in themid-late dry season, seeds of all species sufferedhigh (〉30%) rates of predation. For seedssurviving predation, Anadenanthera germinatedwithin three days after the first rains and a highgermination capacity (82%), but most seedlings diedfrom inadequate light or during subsequent periodsof drought. Copaifera germinated more slowlybut had high germination capacity (85%). Centrolobium had very low germination capacity(4%) and germinative energy. Most successfulregeneration of Centrolobium occurred viasprouting from damaged roots on or near loggingroads where it had a density of 261 root sprouts/ha.Anadenanthera regenerated best from seedin areas with soil disturbance or burning. Theregeneration of these species will likely increaseunder more intensive logging and/or post-harvestcompetition control treatments in logging gaps. Themore shade-tolerant Copaifera is most suitedto the current regime of light selective logging,but all three species are likely to be responsive topost-harvest competition control treatments. Impacts of controlled and natural fire were mixed,but generally seedling regeneration and growth wereeither not significantly affected or were increasedby fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006735819449
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of tin resistance, accumulation and transformations by microorganisms (1988)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 40 (1988), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Tin compounds have been widely used in numerous industrial processes and products. As a result, elevated Sn levels can be detected in some parts of the environment. To better understand the chemistry and toxicity of tin in the environment, it is necessary to investigate tin resistance, accumulation and transformations by microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279469
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using selection functions to describe changes in environmental variables (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental and ecological statistics 2 (1995), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3009
    Keywords: environmental monitoring ; selection function ; natural selection ; EMAP ; environmental assessment ; fitness function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The selection function (which shows how the frequency of sampling units with the value X = x at one point in time must change in order to produce the distribution that occurs at a later point in time) is proposed for describing the changes over time in an environmentally important variable X. It is shown that the theory of selection functions as used in the study of natural selection and resource selection by animals requires some modifications in this new application and that a selection function is a useful tool in long-term monitoring studies because all changes in a distribution can be examined (rather than just changes in single parameters such as the mean), and because graphical presentations of the selection function are easy for non-statisticians to understand. Estimation of the selection function is discussed using a method appropriate for normal distributions and bootstrapping is suggested as a method for assessing the precision of estimates and for testing for significant differences between samples taken at different times. Methods are illustrated using data on water chemical variables from a study of the effects of acid precipitation in Norway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456670
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using selection functions to describe changes in environmental variables (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental and ecological statistics 2 (1995), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3009
    Keywords: environmental monitoring ; selection function ; natural selection ; EMAP ; environmental assessment ; fitness function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The selection function (which shows how the frequency of sampling units with the value X = x at one point in time must change in order to produce the distribution that occurs at a later point in time) is proposed for describing the changes over time in an environmentally important variable X. It is shown that the theory of selection functions as used in the study of natural selection and resource selection by animals requires some modifications in this new application and that a selection function is a useful tool in long-term monitoring studies because all changes in a distribution can be examined (rather than just changes in single parameters such as the mean), and because graphical presentations of the selection function are easy for non-statisticians to understand. Estimation of the selection function is discussed using a method appropriate for normal distributions and bootstrapping is suggested as a method for assessing the precision of estimates and for testing for significant differences between samples taken at different times. Methods are illustrated using data on water chemical variables from a study of the effects of acid precipitation in Norway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456672
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonthermal Electron Energy Deposition in the Chromosphere and the Accompanying Soft x-ray Flare Emission (1999)
    Springer
    Solar physics 185 (1999), S. 323-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse four solar flares which have energetic hard X-ray emissions, but unusually low soft X-ray flux and GOES class (C1.0–C5.5). These are compared with two other flares that have soft and hard X-ray emission consistent with a generally observed correlation that shows increasing hard X-ray accompanied by increasing soft X-ray flux. We find that in the four small flares only a small percentage of the nonthermal electron beam energy is deposited in a location where the heating rate of the electron beam exceeds the radiative cooling rate of the ambient plasma. Most of the beam energy is subsequently radiated away into the cool chromosphere and so cannot power chromospheric evaporation thus reducing the soft X-ray emission. We also demonstrate that in the four small flares the nonthermal electron beam energy is insufficient to power the soft X-ray emitting plasma. We deduce that an additional energy source is required, and this could be provided by a DC-electric field (where quasi-static electric field channels in the coronal loops accelerate electrons, and those electrons with velocity below a critical velocity will heat the ambient plasma via Joule heating) in preference to a loop-top thermal source (where heat flux deposited in the corona is conducted along magnetic field lines to the chromosphere, heating the coronal plasma and giving rise to further chromospheric evaporation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005176932415
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Energy Supply to X-ray Bright Points (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 196 (2000), S. 137-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray bright points (XBPs) are usually assumed to be isolated structures in the solar atmosphere that are powered exclusively by magnetic reconnection. We analyse a large XBP that does not satisfy this assumption. The XBP is observed to be connected to an active region approximately 280 000 km away by a magnetic loop. We find that the soft X-ray intensity and thermal energy of the XBP are very sensitive to the existence of the magnetic loop. Both the intensity and energy decrease significantly at the times when the loop disappears, indicating that the loop is a medium for energy transfer from the active region to the XBP. We deduce that the mechanism for the energy transfer is most likely to be Alfvén or fast-mode magnetoacoustic waves created by photospheric motions in the active region. These waves can dissipate energy at the density gradient between the XBP and the loop via phase mixing or resonant absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005218932680
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defense against parasitization in mud-nesting Hymenoptera: Can empty cells increase net reproductive output? (1979)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 6 (1979), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Several probability models are used to examine the hypothesis that mud-nesting Hymenoptera include empty, yet sealed, cells in their nests to reduce the success of parasites that break into the nest after its completion and destroy the immature host therein. We examine optimal empty cell placement when parasites choose cells randomly and abandon a host nest after encountering one or two consecutive empty cells. We also consider cases in which parasites begin hunting (1) randomly, or (2) peripherally and then proceed unidirectionally until either all nest cells have been parasitized or two consecutive empty cells have been encountered. 2. In all cases the host may increase net reproductive output by appropriate placement of empty cells. Parasites may combat empty cell placement by hosts by evolving a persistent, random search hunting method. 3. The literature on empty cell inclusion in mud nests is examined, and one tentative case, that of Pseudomasaris vespoides (Cress.), is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292555
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