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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of epithelial lesions induced by artificial ventilation of the immature neonatal lung; the prophylactic effect of surfactant replacement (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Immature lung ; Bronchiolar epithelium ; Artificial ventilation ; Surfactant replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation were ventilated artificially for 5–10 min with a peak insufflation pressure of about 35 cm H2O, with or without previous treatment with natural surfactant via the airways. The alveolar expansion pattern and the surface structure of the airways were then examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Animals not receiving surfactant had very irregular alveolar expansion and showed prominent desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelium with a strikingly ragged appearance of the mucosa in the scanning electron microscopic images. Litter mates treated with surfactant had improved alveolar expansion and a flattened but otherwise nearly intact bronchiolar epithelium. The findings confirm the beneficial effect of surfactant replacement on the immature neonatal lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439239
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2-year follow up of babies enrolled in a European multicentre trial of porcine surfactant replacement for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome ; Surfactant ; Follow up studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The postnatal growth, respiratory status and neurodevelopmental outcome of surviving babies enrolled in the first European multicentre trial of porcine surfactant (Curosurf) replacement for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, were assessed at corrected ages of 1 and 2 years. Follow up rates of survivors were 93% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. Treated and control groups were similar at both 1 and 2 years in terms of physical growth, the prevalence of persistent respiratory symptoms and the occurrence of major and minor disability. Serum antibodies recognising Curosurf and surfactant-anti-surfactant immune complexes were detected in both treated and control babies, the titres showing no difference between groups. Examination of histological lung sections from non-survivors revealed a higher incidence of severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema in control babies than in those treated with surfactant. Surfactant treatment for severe respiratory distress syndrome reduces neonatal mortality and air leaks and is not associated with an increase in disability 2 years later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02113261
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged ventilation of the premature newborn rabbit after treatment with natural or apoprotein-based artificial surfactant (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 168-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Surfactant ; Hydrophobic apoproteins ; Premature newborn rabbits ; Lung compliance ; Image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Premature rabbit neonates (gestational age 27 days) were treated at birth with natural surfactant purified from chloroform extracts of porcine lung lipids either by acetone precipitation (Surfactant CK, n=10) or liquid gel chromatography (Curosurf, n=22). Another group of animals received artificial surfactant “reconstituted” from isolated low molecular weight (≤15 K) apoproteins and synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) (Aposurf, n=10). The phospholipid concentrations of the preparations were adjusted to provide the same individual dose of DPPC for each group of treated animals (3 or 4 mg). In comparison with untreated controls from the same litters, there was a 4–7-fold enhancement of lungthorax compliance in all groups of surfactant-treated animals during a 3-h period of artificial ventilation. The average initial (20 min) compliance value was lower in the Aposurf-treated group than in animals receiving natural surfactant preparations, but the difference between the groups gradually diminished and was no longer statistically significant during the 2nd and 3rd h of artificial ventilation. Judged from the fall in tidal volume during ventilation with a short expiration phase (0.17 instead of 0.75s), the apoprotein-based artificial surfactant was also less effective in stabilizing the lungs. A similar conclusion could be drawn from data on alveolar expansion in histological sections, evaluated by automated image analysis. Alveolar volume density was improved only moderately in the Aposurf-treated group (0.24 vs. 0.14; P=0.05), whereas the expected, prominent increase in this parameter was observed in both groups of natural surfactant-treated animals (0.48–0.62 vs. 0.14; P〈0.001). We conclude that a physiologically active artificial surfactant can be prepared from the smaller (≤15 K) apoproteins, DPPC and DPPG; the in vivo effects of this preparation were clearly beneficial, yet inferior to those obtained with the same dose of natural surfactant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442216
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations between radiological and cytological findings in early development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 1024-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ; Mechanical ventilation ; Radiology ; Cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sequential chest radiographs from 40 newborn infants requiring assisted ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or other conditions were evaluated with a new scoring system aiming at identifying abnormal expansion patterns and interstitial infiltrates representing an early stage of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Age at examination ranged from 3 to 23 days. Tracheal effluent samples obtained from the babes during the same period of observation were examined cytologically for evidence of regenerating airway epithelium with squamous metaplasia, indicating BPD. According to the radiological scoring system 24 babies (60%) developed BPD, first diagnosed at a median age of 9 days. By cytological criteria 20 babies (50%) developed BPD, first diagnosed at a median age of 10.5 days. The results from radiological and cytological diagnosis of BPD were concordant in 16 babies (P〈0.05 by chi-square test). Using oxygen dependency at the age of 28 days as evidence of established BPD, the radiological scoring system alone had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 53%. The corresponding figures for cytological assessment alone were 73% and 58%, respectively. By combining radiological and cytological findings, values for sensitivity and specificity were 67% and 68%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957230
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral haemorrhages in surfactant treated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome: age at diagnosis, severity and risk factors (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 842-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Surfactant ; Intracranial haemorrhage ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Infants ; Neonates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Within a randomized European multicentre trial the time of onset, severity and progression of intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) were investigated prospectively by serial cranial ultrasonography in 343 ventilated infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) following instillation of single or multiple doses of a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf). In 148/343 infants (43%) ICH was diagnosed (grade I or II: 22%, grade III or IV: 21%). In 26 cases (8%) ICH was present on the ultrasound scan prior to surfactant instillation at a median age of 6h. Incidence and severity of ICH was similar after single- or multiple-dose surfactant treatment. Using a logistic regression model the following risk factors predictive of ICH were defined: low birth weight, allocation to certain hospitals, vaginal delivery, Apgar score≤6, rectal temperature on admission ≤36°C, primary anaemia, acidosis prior to treatment, RDS grade IV in pre-treatment chest films and poor response to surfactant treatment Our study provides supportive evidence that multiple doses of Curosurf do not increase the risk for ICH as compared to single-dose administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972895
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral haemorrhages in surfactant treated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome: age at diagnosis, severity and risk factors (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 842-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Surfactant ; Intracranial haemorrhage ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Infants ; Neonates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Within a randomized European multicentre trial the time of onset, severity and progression of intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) were investigated prospectively by serial cranial ultrasonography in 343 ventilated infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) following instillation of single or multiple doses of a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf). In 148/343 infants (43%) ICH was diagnosed (grade I or II: 22%, grade III or IV: 21%). In 26 cases (8%) ICH was present on the ultrasound scan prior to surfactant instillation at a median age of 6 h. Incidence and severity of ICH was similar after single- or multiple-dose surfactant treatment. Using a logistic regression model the following risk factors predictive of ICH were defined: low birth weight, allocation to certain hospitals, vaginal delivery, Apgar score £ 6, rectal temperature on admission £ 36°C, primary anaemia, acidosis prior to treatment, RDS grade IV in pre-treatment chest films and poor response to surfactant treatment. Conclusion     Our study provides supportive evidence that multiple doses of Curosurf do not increase the risk for ICH as compared to single-dose administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050228
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and structure of the 1:2 π-molecular complex of phenothiazine with pyromellitic dianhydride (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 1522-1528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single crystals of the black 1:2 donor–acceptor complex of phenothiazine with pyromellitic dianhydride, PTZ:(PMDA)2, were grown by plate sublimation at ∼163 °C from the zone-refined components. The l:1 complex is produced at lower temperatures. Crystals of the 1:2 complex are monoclinic, P21/c, Z=4, a=7.689(3), b=12.953(5), c=28.14(2) A(ring), β=104.30(2)° at T=19 °C. The structure was refined from 2863 x-ray diffraction reflection intensities for which I〉2.0σ(I) to R=0.064 and Rw=0.057. The structure consists of continuous ... DADA ... polar stacks as does the l:1 complex, but the stacks, which are parallel to the a axis, are separated in the c direction by the extra PMDA molecule. The overlap of adjacent molecules in the stack in the 1:2 complex is more closely related to the overlap of adjacent molecules in the π-molecular complex of PMDA with anthracene. The resultant angle between the stack axis and the normal to the planar molecules is 27.1°. The geometry of the individual molecules in the l:2 complex is not significantly different from those in the l:1 complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448427
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical descriptors in crystallography: Report of the IUCr Subcommittee on Statistical Descriptors (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 63-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Subcommittee has attempted to elucidate the nature of problems encountered in the definition and use of statistical descriptors as applied to crystallography and to propose procedural improvements. The report contains (a) a dictionary of statistical terms established for use by experimentalists; (b) a description of the statistical basis for refinement procedures; (c) sections dealing with defects in the physical model used for refinement, and with the choice and significance of weighting schemes; and (d) recommendations, some of which may be readily implemented, whilst others may require a long-term effort to bring them into general use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388009596
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structure and phase transformation of α-Cu2P2O7 (1967)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 22 (1967), S. 665-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X6700132X
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray scattering intensities from a shell model for silicon (1979)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 785-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Accurate theoretical intensities are presented for the phonon scattering at 295 K for Si. The one-phonon and n-phonon cross sections are shown for the principal symmetry directions and the total phonon scattering contours for a section of the (10\bar 1) plane. Previous total phonon calculations have been confined to materials of simpler structure and to a coarser mesh of wavevectors. The Si cross sections show general features which are expected to be seen in a wide variety of materials. These include the behaviour of the scattering near forbidden reflexions, the behaviour in three essentially different kinds of zones and the behaviour close to Bragg peaks. Results are also presented for the temperature dependence of the harmonic Debye-Waller factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739479001790
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