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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 202-203 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of vein of Galen aneurysm, studied with a fast gradient refocusing pulse MRI sequence, is presented. Fast MRI sequences allowed the acquisition of additional hemodynamic information that was not available with either routine MRI or angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cranial CT and/or MRI imaging of 8 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) was retrospectively evaluated. Two patients had MPS IH, 1 had MPS IS, 1 had MPS IVA and 4 had MPS IV. CT and MRI showed thickening of dura mater at the cranio-cervical junction, causing narrowing of the subarachnoid space, in all the patients examined. Spinal cord compression was detected in 4 patients. Other findings were: white matter alterations, mild to severe hydrocephalus, skull dysplasia and odontoid dysplasia. White matter alterations were evident as large areas and as multiple dispersed spots of prolonged T1 and T2 value. Reduced gray/white matter contrast was demonstrated on T2-weighted MRI images. It is important to examine the cranio-cervical junction carefully for thickening of dura mater in all patients with mucopolysaccharidosis examined by CT or MRI, because of the generally progressive clinical course of MPS. In patients with symptomatic cord compression, surgical intervention should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a 8-month-old boy with AIDS, born of an asymptomatic mother with positive HTLV-III serology. He was hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit because of anemia, fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia and subsequent blood cultures were positive for Candida albicans. After 3 days of Amphotericine B treatment, the patient was transferred to Infectious Disease Department. After 30 days of hospitalization, the patient developed a rapid neurological impairment evolving into coma. CT scan showed a round, ringshaped low density lesion with hypershaped low density lesion with hyper-dense and enhancing haemorragic centre in the left basal ganglia and a smaller hypodense lesion on the right. There was also evidence of cortical atrophy and mild ventricular dilatation. Such lesions are more commonly described in children with AIDS and congenital cytomegalic inclusion virus (CMV) encephalitis. In this case toxoplasma cysts were shown microscopically reinforcing the contention that in patients with AIDS, toxoplasma gondii infection may occur with atypical manifestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In treating cases of malignancy, the use of chemotherapy carries a high risk of lower respiratory tract infections, especially fungal pneumonopathy. This complication is a major cause of mortality and is often difficult to diagnose because of non-specific clinical or radiological changes, but the early recognition of invasive fungal disease is imperative. CT is an important non-invasive method for the detection and evaluation of opportunistic fungal infections. In these patients an improved survival rate can be achieved when early detection by CT leads to the prompt institution of high-dose antifungal therapy. We illustrate the spectrum of CT findings of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis encountered in children with cancer. These patients had previously been treated with highdose chemotherapy with or without bone marrow rescue, and underwent radiological examinations because of clinical evidence of pneumonopathy. Representative cases demonstrate the clinical applications of CT in the evaluation and management of invasive fungal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study of 14 patients with anorectal anomalies CT and MRI were employed for preoperative assessment. The use of a pressure enhanced water soluble enema via the colostomy proved to be an extremely efficient method for showing a fistula. MRI studies were enhanced by the use of vaseline oil and in one case this technique was used prior to surgery to provide important information by injecting through a perineal fistula. CT and axial MRI proved to be more valuable than sagittal MRI which is only useful for the length of the atretic segment. The authors consider that a combined approach using pressure enhanced water soluble enema and MRI will provide the most valuable preoperative information to plan a successful operative approach and enable an accurate prognostic evaluation of continence in these difficult and complex patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intraabdominal calcifications are an unusual radiographic finding in the newborn and can easily be misinterpreted as meconium peritonitis. The authors refer to a patient with anorectal malformation (ARM), intraluminal calcifications and other anomalies. Careful differentiation of the type of intraabdominal calcifications can suggest the possibility of other initially unsuspected anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relapsing polychondritis is very rare in children. The diagnosis must be based on a combination of clinical and pathologic features. CT is very useful for an accurate and rapid assessment of laryngo-tracheo-bronchial involvement and the typical finding is lumen narrowing by wall thickening and collapse of the supporting cartilaginous structures. The role of MR imaging should be complementary to CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 20 (1990), S. 267-269 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At present, magnetic resonance is a useful modality for the diagnostic assessment of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. In the pediatric age group, diagnosis for this kind of pathology is more effective and conclusive when performed by MR, because of the limited variety and the restricted expression of primary hepatic tumors. MR diagnosis is based on the presence of a central connective tissue that is scar hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences, which can be regarded as a typical finding, though not specific. The other criteria used to differentiate it from primary malignant tumors on MRI are the homogeneity of the tissue surrounding the scar and its signal intensity, which is similar to that of adjacent normal hepatic parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 25 (1995), S. 588-595 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We retrospectively reviewed 733 cranial and 250 spinal T1-weighted MR images of patients younger than 24 years to evaluate the bone marrow changes. The signal intensity of the bone marrow on short-TR/TE images was compared with that of fat and normal muscles in the contiguous region and graded. The signal intensity of all anatomic segments was as low as that of muscle, or inferior, in all patients younger than 3 months because of hematopoietic tissue and probably greater amounts of trabecular bone. The first anatomic segments of cranial bone to become hyperintense were the zygomatic bone and mandibular symphysis, followed by the presphenoid bone, basisphenoid, basiocciput, calvaria, and the petrous apex. After 3 years of age, most patients demonstrated pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus. We describe the most interesting changes in the developing spien, which occur in the first 2 years of life. The morphology of the vertebral bodies was evaluated. The variability of the signal and the morphology of the disks were also evaluated. Regional patterns of bone marrow signal intensity and age-related differences should not be misinterpreted as a pathologic condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 25 (1995), S. 596-606 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We retrospectively reviewed T1-weighted MR images of 381 patients aged from 7 days to 24 years to evaluated the bone marrow change in thoracic wall and shoulder, pelvis and proximal femur and upper and lower extremities. The patients included in the study were without history of bone marrow disease. A grade of from 1 to 4 was assigned to the marrow signal intensity of the examined anatomic segments. The signal intensity of all anatomic segments was as low as or lower than that of muscle in all patients younger than 2 months, reflecting underlying hematopoietic marrow. The first segments to become hyperintense were the epiphyseal/round bone ossification centers, followed by the phalanges, diaphysis, flat bones and metaphysis. Marrow signal intensity increased in all regions with age. While in the epiphysis, round bones and diaphysis bone marrow shows a diffuse and homogeneous increased signal intensity with age, in the sternum ribs, scapulae, posterior ilium and metaphysis varying percentages of intermediate signal intensity are maintained. An orderly progression of red to yellow marrow was established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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