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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and growth mode at early growth stage of laser-ablated epitaxial Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films on a SrTiO3 substrate (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4497-4502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface morphology and microstructure of laser-ablated Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) films on a (100) SrTiO3 (STO) substrate at early growth stage are characterized by means of atomic-force microscope, x-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. The (100) STO surface is found to be very favorable for epitaxial growth of (001) PZT films, which undergo a three-dimensional island growth mode. We observed a two-layer structure at the film thickness around 40–50 nm when small nuclei/grains merge into large grains. With further increase of film thickness, a column-like growth mode dominates the film crystalline structure, which results in an almost independent in-plain grain size of 100–150 nm with increasing film thickness and a limited film roughness. A very sharp interface between the PZT thin film and STO substrate is observed. The PZT film shows a perfect stacking lattice at a thickness of around 20 nm and above, indicating that the misalignment due to the interface stress and defects is healed after stacking about 50 ML of the film. These results have shed some light on the growth mechanism of epitaxial PZT film on YBCO or other bottom layers for microelectromechanical systems application. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356426
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of pulsed-laser deposition parameters on the microstructure and magnetic property of Nd–Fe–B thin films grown at high substrate temperature (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4666-4671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We systematically studied the dependencies of substrate temperature, laser fluence, deposition time, ambient gas pressure and laser frequency on the structural and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B thin films synthesized by pulsed-laser deposition at high substrate temperature Ts. A coercive force of 2.0–2.4 kOe was obtained on samples with a thickness of 70–90 nm and an average grain size of 50–70 nm grown at Ts of 620–650 °C. We showed a clear trend through statistical analysis that the coercivity decreases with increasing film thickness up to 800 nm due to an increase in the crystalline grain size. Oxidation layer and defects on the grain surface may also have greatly reduced the nucleation field and thus resulted in a low coercivity and low saturation magnetization of the samples. Comparison of the films made by PLD and sputtering under similar conditions has been discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448893
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline zirconia oxide on silicon as alternative gate dielectrics (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1604-1606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial crystalline yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide films were grown on silicon wafers by the laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The interface of crystalline YSZ film in contact with silicon was found to be atomically sharp and commensurately crystallized without an amorphous layer. An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile and transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that no SiO2 formed at the interface. For a film with electrical equivalent oxide thickness (teox) 14.6 Å, the leakage current is about 1.1×10−3 A/cm2 at 1 V bias voltage. The hysteresis and interface state density in this film are measured to be less than 10 mV and 2.0×1011 eV−1 cm−2, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354161
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scaling law for ac susceptibility of an YBa2Cu3O film in a perpendicular ac field (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1860-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ac susceptibility (ACS) of an YBa2Cu3O thin film in a perpendicular ac magnetic field (Ha) from 0.22 to 30.8 G is measured as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the real (χ′) and imaginary (χ′′) parts of the ACS for various Ha can be well scaled onto a single curve using the peak value (χp″) and temperature (Tp) of χ′′(T) as the scaling parameters. The scaling law suggests that the critical state can be established only below Tp. Above Tp, the ACS is determined by the screening effect of the film due to the sharp decrease of its resistance. Below Tp, the scaling behavior is in agreement with the theoretical approaches based on the critical state model, only if the temperature for zero critical current density is related to the irreversibility temperature Tirr rather than Tc. From the scaling law, we found that Tirr=Tp. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119422
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The protective effects of melatonin from oxidative damage induced by amyloid beta-peptide 25–35 in middle-aged rats (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of pineal research 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This work investigated the ability of melatonin to prevent oxidative damage in brain tissue induced by injection of beta-amyloid peptide 25–35 (Aβ25–35) in middle-aged rats. The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were measured. It was found that injection of (Aβ25–35) (20 μg) into the rat hippocampus caused an increase in the latency (the time to find the platform), the total swimming distance to the platform, and the starting angles in (Aβ25–35)-treated rats. Furthermore, a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidative enzyme activities in brain tissue were found. Melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg, i.g. × 10 days) improved the spatial resolution of amnesic rats in the Morris water maze test. Meanwhile, melatonin antagonized the lipid peroxidation in both the mitochondria (P 〈 0.01) at the doses of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg and in the cytoplasm at the doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg. Also in the amnesic rats, melatonin (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg, i.g. × 10 days) stimulated the antioxidative enzyme activities. The results show that melatonin effectively reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidative enzyme activities in Aβ25–35-treated rats, which may contribute to the improvement of rats' learning and memory impaired by Aβ25–35.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2002.1819.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the charge dispersion in high-energy proton-xenon collisions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 194 (1987), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(87)90524-7
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neotectonic stress field in the regions of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai (China) (1981)
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 14 (1981), S. 167-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The Neotectonic Stress Field in the Regions of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai (China) Geological, seismological, geodetic and geomorphological data were used to determine the orientation of the principal large scale regional neotectonic normal stress directions in North-Central China. It is shown that the maximum pressure is oriented NE-SW (N 40° E). In detail, there appears to be a rotation of the maximum pressure direction from N 7° E in Ladakh to N 33° E in Chinese Western Xizang and ca. N 70° E in the Southwestern part of our region investigated: This may be an indication that apart from the effect of the collision between the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates, there may also be felt an effect of the collision between the Eurasian and Pacific plates.
    Abstract: Résumé Les contraintes tectoniques dans les régions de Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia et Qinghai (Chine) On a utilisé des dates géologiques, séismologiques, géodétiques et géomorphologiques pour déterminer l'orientation des contraintes régionales néotectoniques principales à grand echelle dans le nord de la Chine centrale. Il est démontré que la pression maximale a une direction de NE à SO (N 40° E). En détail, on observe une rotation de la pression maximale de N 7° E dans le Ladakh jusqu'à N 33° E dans le Xizang oriental chinois et à N 70° E dans le sud-ouest de la région investiguée dans le présent travail. Ceci peut être une indication que, à part de l'effet de la collision entre la plaque tectonique de l'Eurasie et celle de l'Inde, on observe un effet de la collision entre la plaque tectonique de l'Eurasie avec celle du Pacifique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das neotektonische Spannungsfeld in den Regionen von Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia und Qinghai (China) Geologische, seismologische, geodätische und geomorphologische Daten wurden verwendet, um die Richtung der überregionalen, neotektonischen Hauptnormalspannungen im nördlichen Zentralchina zu bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die maximale Druckspannung eine NE-SW-Richtung hat (N 40° E). Im Detail scheint es eine Rotation der maximalen Druckspannungsrichtung von N 7° E im Ladakh bis N 33° E im chinesischen Westxizang und bis ca. N 70° E im Südwesten der hier untersuchten Region zu geben. Dies kann ein Hinweis dafür sein, daß, abgesehen vom Effekt einer Kollision zwischen der eurasischen und indischen tektonischen Platte, sich auch der Effekt der Kollision zwischen der eurasischen und pazifischen Platte bemerkbar macht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250449
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and expression of the Apa LI, Nsp I, Nsp HI, Sac I, Sca I, and Sap I restriction-modification systems in Escherichia coli (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 260 (1998), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Restriction endonuclease ; Methylase selection ; Gene expression ; DNA methylation ; Recombinant DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genes encoding the ApaLI (5′-G^TGCAC-3′), NspI (5′-RCATG^Y-3′), NspHI (5′-RCATG^Y-3′), SacI (5′-GAGCT^C-3′), SapI (5′-GCTCTTCN1^-3′, 5′-^N4GAAGAGC-3′) and ScaI (5′-AGT^ACT-3′) restriction-modification systems have been cloned in E.␣coli. Amino acid sequence comparison of M.ApaLI, M.NspI, M.NspHI, and M.SacI with known methylases indicated that they contain the ten conserved motifs characteristic of C5 cytosine methylases. NspI and NspHI restriction-modification systems are highly homologous in amino acid sequence. The C-termini of the NspI and NlaIII (5′-CATG-3′) restriction endonucleases share significant similarity. 5mC modification of the internal C in a SacI site renders it resistant to SacI digestion. External 5mC modification of a SacI site has no effect on SacI digestion. N4mC modification of the second base in the sequence 5′-GCTCTTC-3′ blocks SapI digestion. N4mC modification of the other cytosines in the SapI site does not affect SapI digestion. N4mC modification of ScaI site blocks ScaI digetion. A DNA invertase homolog was found adjacent to the ApaLI restriction-modification system. A DNA transposase subunit homolog was found upstream of the SapI restriction endonuclease gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050890
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and sequence comparison ofAvaI andBsoBI restriction-modification systems (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 695-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Restriction enzyme ; Methylase selection ; Endo-blue method ; N4 methylase ; Inverse PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AvaI andBsoBI restriction endonucleases are isoschizomers which recognize the symmetric sequence 5′CYCGRG3′ and cleave between the first C and second Y to generate a four-base 5′ extension. TheAvaI restriction endonuclease gene (avaIR) and methylase gene (avaIM) were cloned intoEscherichia coli by the methylase selection method. TheBsoBI restriction endonuclease gene (bsoBIR) and part of theBsoBI methylase gene (bsoBIM) were cloned by the “endo-blue” method (SOS induction assay), and the remainder ofbsoBIM was cloned by inverse PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the two restriction-modification (RM) systems were determined. Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences indicated thatAvaI andBsoBI endonucleases share 55% identity, whereas the two methylases share 41% identity. Although the two systems show similarity in protein sequence, their gene organization differs. TheavaIM gene precedesavaIR in theAvaI RM system, while thebsoBIR gene is located upstream ofbsoBIM in theBsoBI RM system. BothAvaI andBsoBI methylases contain motifs conserved among the N4 cytosine methylases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173975
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic investigation of contributions of embryo and endosperm genes to malt Kolbach index, alpha-amylase activity and wort nitrogen content in barley (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 709-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Two-rowed barley ; Embryo and endosperm effects ; Kolbach index ; Alpha-amylase ; Wort-N ; GE interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A genetic model is proposed for the analysis of embryo and endosperm effects as well as GE interaction effects. An investigation of three malting quality traits in grains of seven parents and their F2s was undertaken in a half-diallel cross of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) over 2 years. The results indicated that the malt Kolbach index (KI), alpha-amylase activity (αAA) and wort soluble nitrogen (Wort-N) are controlled by both embryo genetic effects and endosperm genetic effects. Variance of the endosperm additive effects was obviously larger than that of the embryo additive effects. In the contribution of the embryo genetic effects to variation in malt αAA and Wort-N, the dominance effects were considerably larger than the additive effects. The endosperm dominance effects constituted a major part of the total genetic effect on the KI. Significant endosperm GE interactions were also detected in the malt traits concerned. Endosperm general heritability (h 2 e ) tended to be larger than interaction heritability (h 2 oE or h 2 eE ) for all the traits. Endosperm heterosis was observed to be significantly positive for αAA but negative for Wort-N in the F2 seed generation. Prediction of main gene effects for seven parents showed that ‘Ganmu 2’ and ‘Supi1’ were suitable parental varieties for malt αAA and Wort-N improvement. Our genetic model for malting quality traits and its application in breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050792
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