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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of power spectral edge for monitoring depth of anaesthesia using low methohexitone infusion (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 3 (1986), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Schlagwort(e): drugs — methohexitone ; EEG monitoring ; power spectral edge ; minimum infusion rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The study describes an attempt to determine the minimal sleep infusion rate for the intravenous anaesthetic, methohexitone using EEG power spectral edge (PSE) as an index of anaesthetic depth. PSE was found to remain stable during a continuous infusion at declining rates, with decreasing plasma concentration. We were unable to define a sleep infusion rate using PSE as an index of anaesthetic depth. PSE was found to be unsuitable for monitoring anaesthetic depth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880764
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Action of β-N-Oxalylamino-l-Alanine on Mouse Brain NADH-Dehydrogenase Activity (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: β-N-Oxalylamino-l-alanine (l-BOAA), a non-protein neuroexcitatory amino acid present in the seeds of Lathyrus sativus (chickling or grass pea), is known to produce its neurotoxic effects by overstimulation of non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, especially α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, at micromolar concentrations. It has recently been reported that l-BOAA selectively inhibits mitochondrial enzyme NADH-dehydrogenase (NADH-DH) in brain slices at subpicomolar concentrations. The present study finds that up to 4 mM concentrations of pure l-BOAA fail to inhibit NADH-DH activity in mouse brain homogenate and isolated brain mitochondria. Two known inhibitors (rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, MPP+) of this mitochondrial enzyme produced significant inhibition under identical conditions. NADH-DH inhibition was also not observed in the homogenate or mitochondria from the brains of animals systemically treated with convulsive doses of l-BOAA. Some inhibition (20–37%) of NADH-DH activity was observed in mouse brain slices incubated with 100–1,000 µM concentrations of l-BOAA for 1 h at 37°C in an atmosphere of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, but the inhibition was nonselective, because the activity of another mitochondrial enzyme, succinic dehydrogenase, was similarly inhibited by l-BOAA. These results are in contrast with the report that l-BOAA inhibits mitochondrial NADH-DH selectively at subpicomolar concentrations. We suggest the observed nonselective NADH-DH inhibition in mouse brain slices treated with l-BOAA is caused by neuronal damage through an excitotoxic mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041842.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agonist Binding to α2-Adrenoceptors Is Elevated in the Locus Coeruleus from Victims of Suicide (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The binding of an agonist, p-[125I]iodoclonidine, and an antagonist, [3H]yohimbine, to α2-adrenoceptors was measured autoradiographically in the locus coeruleus from 10 pairs of antidepressant-free victims of suicide and age-matched controls. Agonist binding to α2-adrenoceptors was significantly greater in the locus coeruleus from victims of suicide compared with control subjects. In contrast, antagonist binding to α2-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus did not differ significantly between control and suicide subjects. HPLC analysis of norepinephrine in tissue sections of the locus coeruleus did not reveal any differences between control subjects and suicide victims, suggesting that differences in agonist binding are not a result of differences in retention of the endogenous agonist norepinephrine in tissue sections. The increase in agonist binding to α2-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus of victims of suicide links an altered expression of the high-affinity state of autoinhibitory α2-adrenoceptors with suicide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020617.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide on Extracellular Amino Acids and Convulsions in the Rat: Reversal of Neurochemical and Behavioural Deficits by Sodium Valproate (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We have studied the effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), a convulsant agent, on the extracellular levels of amino acids in the hippocampus, and the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) administration in INH-treated rats. INH (250 mg/kg) caused a rapid and sustained decrease in basal levels of GABA, and during this period convulsions of increasing severity were observed. Basal levels of glutamine, taurine, aspartate, and glutamate were unchanged by INH. When VPA was coadministered with INH, basal GABA levels were increased and no convulsions were observed. When transmitter release was evoked using 100 mMK+, the increase in dialysate GABA observed in INH-treated animals was less than that seen in controls and convulsions increased in frequency. K+-evoked release of glutamate and aspartate tended to be higher following INH treatment, and in the case of aspartate, this increase was significant. VPA reversed the changes in evoked release of glutamate and aspartate, and release of GABA was considerably greater than that seen in control or INH-treated rats. No drug effect on evoked changes in taurine or glutamine level was seen. These are the first data to show decreased extracellular GABA in conjunction with convulsions in freely moving animals in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63062197.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isoprenylated Proteins in Myelin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Incubation of rat brainstem slices with [3H]- mevalonate ([3H]MVA) in the presence of lovastatin resulted in the incorporation of label into three groups of myelin-associated proteins with molecular masses of 47, 21–27, and 8 kDa, as revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide rod gel electrophoresis. Although the gel patterns of [3H]MVA-derived prenylated proteins were similar, the relative level of 3H incorporated into each protein species differed between myelin and the brainstem homogenate. Immunoprecipitation studies identified the 47-kDa prenylated protein as a 2′-3′-cyclic nucleotide phospho- diesterase, whereas the 8-kDa protein proved to be the γ subunit of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. The 3H-labeled 21–27-kDa group in myelin corresponds to the molecular mass of the extensive Ras- like family of monomeric GTP-binding proteins known to be prenylated in other tissues. Increase in lovastatin concentration resulted in reduced levels of [3H]MVA-labeled species in myelin and concomitantly increased levels in the cytosol. A cold MVA chase restored to normality the appearance of [3H]MVA-labeled proteins in myelin. Furthermore, a high lovastatin concentration in the brainstem slice incubation mixture altered the appearance of newly synthesized nonprenylated myelin proteins, including proteolipid protein and the 17-kDa subspecies of myelin basic protein. Because other myelin proteins were unaffected by the high lovastatin concentration, restricting the availability of MVA in myelin-forming cells may selectively alter processes required for myelinogenesis. Although the molecular basis for the” different MVA requirements in myelin- forming cells remains undefined, it may involve an alteration in the biological activity of certain proteins that require prenylation to be functionally active, and that are responsible for promoting insertion of specific proteins into the myelin membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62041539.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cold Blockade of Axonal Transport Activates Premitotic Activity of Schwann Cells and Wallerian Degeneration (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Between 3 and 4 days after transection of cat sciatic nerve, Schwann cell-associated premitotic activity spreads anterogradely along degenerating distal nerve stumps at a rate of approximately 200 mm/day. We investigated whether fast anterograde axonal transport contributes to the initiation of this component of Wallerian degeneration. Axonal transport was blocked in intact and transected cat sciatic nerves by focally chilling a proximal segment to temperatures below 11°C for 24 hr. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine (a marker of premitotic DNA synthesis) was then measured 3 and 4 days posttransection in cold blocked- and control-degenerating nerves. Effects of cold block prior to and concomitant with nerve transection were studied. Results failed to support the hypothesis that Schwann-cell premitotic activity after axotomy is associated with entry into the axon of mitogenic substances and their anterograde fast transport along the distal stump. Instead, data suggested that progressive anterograde failure of fast anterograde transport distal to transection serves to effect the Schwann-cell premitotic response to axotomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02938.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid Anterograde Spread of Premitotic Activity Along Degenerating Cat Sciatic Nerve (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Peripheral nerve transection triggers a series of phenotypic alterations in Schwann cells distal to the site of injury. Mitosis is one of the earliest and best characterized of these responses, although the mechanism by which axonal damage triggers this critical event is unknown. This study examines the appearance and spatio-temporal spread of premitotic activity in distal stumps of transected cat tibial nerves. Premitotic activity was determined by measuring incorporation of [3H]thymidine (a marker of DNA synthesis during the S-phase of the cell cycle) into consecutive segments of desheathed tibial nerve. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine spread proximo-distally within distal nerve stumps between 3 and 4 days posttransection with an apparent velocity of at least 199 ± 67 mm/day. This suggests that anterograde fast axonal transport may directly or indirectly be associated with the Schwann cell mitotic response to axon transection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb13134.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuropeptide Y in Frontal Cortex Is Not Altered in Major Depression (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Previously, we reported a modest but significant reduction in the concentration of neuropeptide Y in frontal cortices from victims of suicide relative to age-matched natural or accidental death control subjects. The reduction in neuropeptide Y appeared to be greatest in a subgroup of victims of suicide for which there was indirect evidence of histories of depression. We pursued these initial findings in the present study by measuring neuropeptide Y concentrations in frontal cortices from natural or accidental death control subjects and from suicide victims in whom a firm diagnosis of major depression was established by psychiatric autopsy. Because several subjects with major depression had a comorbid diagnosis of alcoholism, a group of victims of suicide that had an Axis I diagnosis of alcohol dependence was also studied. No significant differences in neuropeptide Y concentrations were observed between control subjects and victims of suicide with major depression or victims of suicide with alcohol dependence. These findings do not support a role for neuropeptide Y in major depression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041646.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethanol-Induced Increase in Endogenous Dopamine Release May Involve Endogenous Opiates (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The effect of opiate peptides on basal and potassium-stimulated endogenous dopamine (DA) release from striatal slices was studied in vitro. Dual stimulation of the striatal slices gave a reproducible increase in DA release that was calcium dependent. Addition of the δ-opiate receptor agonists Met5-enkephalin, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), and [D-Ser]Leu-enkephalin-Thr (DSLET), increased the basal DA release without affecting potassium-stimulated release in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of DADLE was antagonized by the addition of naloxone. In contrast, the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO) and the e-opioid agonist β-endorphin inhibited the stimulated DA release without changing the basal release. The inhibitory effect of DAGO on potassium-stimulated release was antagonized by naloxone. The addition of ethanol (75 mM) to the incubation media produced a delayed increase of both the basal and stimulated DA release. There was no change in stimulated DA release when the change in basal release was subtracted, suggesting that ethanol produced a dose-dependent, selective increase in basal DA release. Naloxone and the selective δ-opiate antagonist ICI 174864 inhibited the eth-anol-induced increase in basal DA release. Naloxone and ICI 174864 added alone did not alter either basal or stimulated DA release. We therefore suggest that the ethanol-in-duced increase in basal DA release is an indirect effect involving an endogenous δ-opiate agonist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08886.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Vasopressin on Blood-Brain Transfer of Methionine in Dogs (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We used a simplified probe detection system for positron-emitting radionuclides in order to measure blood-brain barrier transport of amino acids in anesthetized dogs. Plasma and brain time-activity curves were recorded after intravenous bolus injection of L-[11C]methionine before and after administration of 1 μg of vasopressin. Three-compartment models with three or four transfer coefficients were used to derive the kinetics of L-[11C]methionine uptake in brain. The blood-brain clearance of the tracer (K1) was 0.075 ml ml-1 min-1 before and 0.041 ml ml-1 mir-1 after injection of vasopressin. The partition volume and the initial distribution (plasma) volume of methionine were unchanged and within the expected limits. The net accumulation rate of methionine (K), estimated by both the four-parameter (kinetic) and three-parameter (graphic) approaches, decreased after vasopressin injection in all six studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08456.x
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