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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Family History Status as a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Conservative Surgery and Irradiation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @breast journal 1 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From 1977 to 1986, 264 women with stage I or II breast cancer and positive breast cancer family histories were treated with conservative surgery, axillary dissection, and irradiation. The records of these cases were reviewed and compared to those of 517 women with stage I or II breast cancer and negative breast cancer family histories who were treated similarly during the same time period. Patients with a negative family history were more likely to present with positive axillary lymph nodes than patients whose history was positive (33% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.054). There were no statistically significant differences found between the family history positive and family history negative women in terms of 5 and 10 year actuarial overall survival (5 yr: 91% vs. 90%, 10 yr: 86% vs. 82%) or relapse-free survival (5 yr: 76% vs. 76%, 10 yr: 64% vs. 61 %). Breast recurrence rates were likewise not significantly different for the two groups of patients (5 yr: 6% vs. 9%, 10 yr: 17% vs. 18%). A separate analysis restricted to lymph node-positive patients revealed no significant differences in survival between the family history positive and family history negative groups. It thus appears that women with early stage breast cancer who have a family history of the disease can be treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation with the same excellent results as seen in women without such a family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.1995.tb00241.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A refined H3 potential energy surface (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 7139-7152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In evaluating some low temperature (T〈1000 K) thermal rate coefficients for inelastic rotational excitation of H2 by H atoms, Sun and Dalgarno have found a marked sensitivity to the potential energy surface adopted for the calculations. We have investigated the origin of the discrepancies between previous H3 potential energy surfaces and have developed a refined surface which addresses these concerns. New quasiclassical trajectory calculations of cross sections for low energy rotational excitation are reported. The refined surface is based on 8701 ab initio energies, most newly computed for this purpose. It has the same functional form as our earlier (BKMP) surface, but since the fit of the parameters is more fully constrained than for any previous surface it is a more accurate representation. The refined surface matches the ab initio energies with an overall rms error of 0.27 mEh (i.e., 0.17 kcal/mol) and a maximum absolute deviation of 6.2 mEh (for a very compact high energy equilateral triangle conformation). For "noncompact'' conformations (no interatomic distance smaller than 1.15 bohr), the rms error is 0.18 mEh and the maximum absolute deviation is 1.7 mEh. The refined surface is compared critically to four previous surfaces, including the DMBE surface of Varandas et al., in several respects: Legendre expansion coefficients; the interaction region for low energy rotational excitation; near the collinear saddle point; near conical intersections of the ground and first excited state surfaces; the van der Waals well; and compact geometries. We have also compared new first excited state ab initio energies for 1809 conformations with corresponding predictions from the DMBE surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471430
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the Potential Impacts of Different Radon Policies for the U.S. Housing Stock (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other public health agencies in the United States, radon may be the leading cause (along with passive smoking) of lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers. Radon is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer death in smokers behind smoking-related lung cancer. EPA estimates that 7,000 to 30,000 lung cancer deaths each year are due to radon exposure. (It is implied that radon-related lung cancer deaths can be prevented by reducing radon levels below EPA's guideline levels.) Current EPA radon policy is based on a strategy of education, the transfer of testing and remediation technologies to the public and private sectors, and recently proposed radon-resistant construction standards for new homes. This paper models the effectiveness of current, proposed, and alternative policies for reducing radon risks in U.S. residential construction. The results of our analysis suggest that EPA's projections of 2,200 “lives saved annually” as a result of its current action level of 4 pCi/l will not be achieved with its current policy in the near future. Overall, the response of radon-related mortality to most policy options is delayed and flat due in pan to the large number of houses with low radon levels and the long latency period between radon exposure and the development of cancer. The modeling results suggest that more aggressive smoking reduction programs may yield greater benefits in overall lung cancer mortality (but not reduced radon exposure) than most radon-related policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-2-00006.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of the arthropod mandible (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 380 (1996), S. 395-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Arthropods, vast in number and with enormous variation in body forms, are a fascinating group. We have found that myriapods (millipedes, centipedes and allies) have different mandibular origins from insects and crustaceans, which is of consequence for resolving phylogenetic relationships ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/380395a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of two engrailed-related genes in an apterygote insect and a phylogenetic analysis of insect engrailed-related genes (1998)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 208 (1998), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words engrailed ; Thermobia domestica ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; Dorsal ridge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Homologues of the Drosophila segment polarity gene engrailed have been cloned from many insect species, as well as other arthropods and non-arthropods. We have cloned partial cDNAs of two engrailed homologues, which we call engrailed-related genes, from the phylogenetically basal insect, Thermobia domestica (Order Thysanura) and possibly as many as four engrailed-related genes from the phylogenetically intermediate insect, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Order Hemiptera). Previous to our findings, only single engrailed-related homologues had been found in phylogenetically intermediate insect species (Tribolium and Schistocerca) and in the crustacean Artemia, while two engrailed-related homologues have been found in more derived orders (Hymenoptera and the engrailed and invected genes of lepidopterans and dipterans). Consequently, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of insect engrailed-related genes to determine whether insects ancestrally had one or two engrailed-related genes. We have found evidence of concerted evolution among engrailed-related paralogues, however, that masks the true phylogenetic history of these genes; the phylogeny may only be decipherable, therefore, by examining the presence or absence of engrailed-specific and invected-specific motifs, which will require cloning the full length cDNAs from more species. In addition, we examined the embryonic expression pattern of the two Thermobia engrailed-related genes; like Drosophila engrailed and invected, they are expressed in very similar patterns, but show one temporal difference in pregnathal segments that correlates with the tentative phylogenetic placement of the genes. Thermobia engrailed-related expression also confirms that the dorsal ridge is an ancient structure in insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The embryonic expression pattern of labial, posterior homeotic complex genes and the teashirt homologue in an apterygote insect (1999)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Thermobia domestica ; Thysanura ; teashirt ; HOM-C ; Insect evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  During embryogenesis of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the homeotic genes are required to specify proper cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. We cloned partial cDNAs of homologues of the Drosophila homeotic gene teashirt and five of the homeotic-complex (HOM-C) genes from the thysanuran insect, Thermobia domestica, and assayed their embryonic expression patterns. The HOM-C genes we examined were labial, Antennapedia, Ultrabithorax, abdominal-A and Abdominal-B. As the expression pattern of these HOM-C genes is largely conserved among insects and as Thermobia is a member of a phylogenetically basal order of insects, we were able to infer their ancestral expression patterns in insects. We compare the expression patterns of the Thermobia HOM-C genes with their expression in Drosophila and other insects and discuss the potential roles these genes may have played in insect evolution. Interestingly, the teashirt homologue shows greater variability between Thermobia and Drosophila than any of the HOM-C genes. In particular, teashirt is not expressed strongly in the Thermobia abdomen, unlike Drosophila teashirt. We propose that teashirt expression has expanded posteriorly in Drosophila and contributed to a homogenization of the Drosophila larval thorax and abdomen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050230
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entry × Environmental Interactions for Alfalfa Forage Quality (1998)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 90 (1998), S. 774-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Medicago sativa L.) cultivars are available that produce high-quality forage; however, information is lacking on the consistency of cultivar forage quality over environments and the influence of stand age on quality. Our objectives were to evaluate alfalfa cultivars for consistency of forage quality over time and environments and to test the validity of sampling seeding-year stands for forage quality. We sample eight alfalfa entries (seven cultivars and one experimental germplasm) at bud and flower maturity stages in the seeding year (one harvest) and first production year (two harvests) in six states (Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, New York, Washington, and Wisconsin) ANOVA and orthogonal contrast analyses were conducted to assess entry × environment interactions for forage quality. First-cut forage in the first production year had lower forage quality than third-cut forage, and differences between entries were more pronounced at the first cutting. Including seeding-year data in the ANOVA produced a complex location × entry × stand age interaction, indicating that seeding-year data alone were insufficient to characterize alfalfa entries for forage quality. 'Cimarron VR', 'Arrow', and '5432' had the greatest stability for forage quality and could serve as high, medium, and low forage-quality checks, respectively, in forage quality testing trials. 'WL 322 HQ' and 'Pacesetter' often had high quality, but were not stable for forage quality over environments. Correlations between crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro digestible dry matter were consistent across locations, entries, cutting, and maturities. The high correlation between NDF and ADF (r ≥ 0.97, P ≤ 0.05) suggests that it may not be necessary to use both procedures to predict entry differences in forage quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the MN gp120 HIV-1 Vaccine: Antigen Binding to Alum (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1439-1446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gp120 ; AIDS-HIV-1 vaccine ; alum adjuvant ; aluminum hydroxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The characterization of recombinant MN gp120/alum vaccine requires the study of the gp120-alum interaction for the successful formulation of an alum-based HIV-1 vaccine. Methods. Several observations suggest that the gpl20-alum interaction is weak, wherein buffer counterions such as phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate may cause the desorption of gp120 from alum. Comparison of gp120 with other proteins using particle mobility measurements shows that the weak binding of gp120 to alum is not an anomaly. Serum and plasma also cause desorption of gp120 from alum with a half-life of only a few minutes, wherein this half-life may be faster than the in-vivo recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the site of immunization. Results. Immunization of guinea pigs, rabbits and baboons with gp120 formulated in alum or saline demonstrated that alum provides adjuvant activity for gp120, particularly after early immunizations, but the adjuvant effect is attenuated after several boosts. Conclusions. These observations indicate that both the antigen and the adjuvant require optimization together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016266916893
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained and constitutive high levels of protein production in continuous cultures of bacillus subtilis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bacillus subtilis ; plasmid ; continuous culture ; CAT ; recombinant cultures ; acid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of continuous production of proteins in chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis was investigated. An expression system consisting of the bacterium B. subtilis BR151 carrying plasmid p602/19 was used. The plasmid contains the cat (chioramphenicol acetyltrans-ferase) gene downstream of a strong vegetative T5 promoter. It was found that, at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 production of relatively high levels of CAT protein (about 4% ofcellular protein) can be sustained. But, experiments at a higher dilution rate of 0.4 h-1 were unproductive because of high acidformation and washout. Combination of low cell yield, which results from excessive acid formation, and low dilution rate led to a low volumetric CAT productivity. Our recent work with the nonrecombinant cells, has demonstrated that uptake of small amounts of citrate significantly reduces or entirelyeliminates the acid formation. This superior performance in the presence ofcitrate was hypothesized, based on strong experimental evidence, to be the result of a reduction in glycolysis flux through a sequence of events leading to a reduction in pyruvate kinase and phosphof- ructokinase activities, the regulatory enzymes of glycol-ysis. In this study, it is demonstrated that cofeeding of glucose and citrate substantially reduces theorganic acid formation and significantly increases the recombinant culture productivity. The combination of high specific CAT activity and cell density resulted in a total of six- to tenfold higher culture productivitywhen citrate and glucose were cometabolized than when glucose was the only carbon source. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENANTIOSELECTIVE BINDING IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY:A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CHIRAL SELECTION BYPERMETHYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: enantioselective binding ; gas chromatography ; chiral selection ; permethyl-β-cyclodextrin ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---Stochastic molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the enantiomer retention orders of moderately polar analytes binding to permethylated β-cyclodextrin, a popular chiral stationary phase used in gas chromatography. It is found that averaging over multiple trajectories, each of which are lengthy, is required to faithfully reproduce experiment. From the simulations we find the major binding domain to be the interior of the macrocycle rather than the exterior with most analytes having a preference for associating to the primary rim rather than to the secondary rim. It is also found that the intermolecular forces responsible for holding the complexes together are the short range dispersion forces, and that the enantiodifferentiating forces of the competing diastereomeric complexes are dominated by the van der Waals contributions to the intermolecular energy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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