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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time ordering, energy ordering, and factorization (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4497-4507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Relations between integrals of time-ordered product of operators, and their representation in terms of energy-ordered products are studied. Both can be decomposed into irreducible factors and these relations are discussed as well. The energy-ordered representation was invented to separate various infrared contributions in gauge theories. It is shown that the irreducible time-ordered expressions can be used to accomplish the same purpose. Besides, it has the added advantage of being factorizable. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of multiloop diagrams via lightcone integration (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 5356-5370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We present a systematic method to determine the dominant regions of internal momenta contributing to any two-body high-energy near-forward scattering diagram. Such a knowledge is used to evaluate leading high-energy dependences of loop diagrams. It also gives a good idea where dominant multiparticle cross sections occur. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533035
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of time-ordered products and path-ordered exponentials (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 5543-5558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We present a decomposition formula for Un, an integral of time-ordered products of operators, in terms of sums of products of the more primitive quantities Cm, which are the integrals of time-ordered commutators of the same operators. The resulting factorization enables a summation over n to be carried out to yield an explicit expression for the time-ordered exponential, an expression which turns out to be an exponential function of Cm. The Campbell–Baker–Hausdorff formula and the non-Abelian eikonal formula obtained previously are both special cases of this result. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lattices and aitch-theta-function identities. I: Theta constants (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 854-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The gluing construction of lattices is used to generate and study a number of theta constant identities. It is shown, for example, that the Jacobi identity, a well-known degree 4 identity, can be derived from a degree 2 identity. A list of all quadratic identities in θ3 derivable from this lattice method, containing over 30 algebraically independent identities, and conjectured to yield all quadratic identities in θ3 derivable by any means, is included. In contrast, only two independent quadratic identities in θ3 have been found elsewhere in the mathematical literature. The theta constants of lattices and their glue classes are investigated, and the fact that the theta constant of each glue class is a root of a polynomial whose coefficients are linear combinations of theta constants of lattices is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529737
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lattices and θ-function identities. II: Theta series (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 871-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The gluing construction of lattices is used to generate and study a number of theta function densities. It is shown, for example, that Riemann's formula, a fundamental degree 4 identity, can be derived from a degree 2 identity. It is proved that all in a large class of identities can be derived from these lattice techniques. A list of 24 independent quadratic identities in the Jacobi functions cursive-theta1 and cursive-theta3, conjectured to be complete, with all but two of them seeming to be new, is given. The theta series of glue classes is also investigated, and it is shown that all of them, as well as the functions cursive-thetaa,b, satisfy polynomials whose coefficients are linear combinations of theta series of lattices; these polynomials have some interesting properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529738
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carboxylic acid participation in amide hydrolysis. External general base catalysis and general acid catalysis in reactions of norbornenylanilic acids (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 100 (1978), S. 2191-2197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00475a033
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinico-biochemical prediction of biliary cause of acute pancreatitis in the era of endoscopic ultrasonography (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Occult biliary stones escape detection on conventional investigations, and clinico-biochemical systems proposed for predicting biliary pancreatitis has low predictive values.Aim : To evaluate the accuracy of clinico-biochemical parameters for prediction of biliary pancreatitis in patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasonography.Methods : Early endoscopic ultrasonography was performed on 139 patients presenting with acute pancreatitis within 24 h of admission. The aetiologies of all patients were determined after complete evaluations, and clinico-biochemical characteristics of patients with a biliary cause (biliary group) and non-biliary causes (non-biliary group) were compared.Results : Biliary pancreatitis was diagnosed in 107 patients and 32 patients had non-biliary causes. The biliary group belonged to a significantly older age group, had a female predominance, significantly more derangement of liver function and a higher incidence of severe attack of acute pancreatitis. On multivariate analysis, female sex, age 〉58 years and serum alanine aminotransferase 〉150 U/L were independent predictive factors for biliary cause of acute pancreatitis. Using these three factors for prediction of biliary cause, the sensitivity was 93% and overall accuracy was 85%.Conclusion : Clinico-biochemical prediction for biliary cause of acute pancreatitis improves in the era of endoscopic ultrasonography with a higher sensitivity and overall accuracy. In centres where endoscopic ultrasonography is inaccessible or local expertise is unavailable, clinico-biochemical prediction of biliary cause of acute pancreatitis may provide a useful alternative in the initial management of this group of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02580.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind, randomized controlled study to assess the effects of lansoprazole 30 mg and lansoprazole 15 mg on 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH in Chinese subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Previous studies have suggested that the acid secretory capacity of the Chinese population is lower than that of the Western population.Aim : To compare the effect of lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg once daily on the 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH profiles in Chinese patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Methods : Forty-four patients (male to female ratio, 27 : 17; mean age, 53 years; 55% with oesophagitis) with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to receive lansoprazole 30 mg or 15 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Measurement of the 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and quality of life was performed at baseline and during the last week of each dosing period.Results : Lansoprazole 30 mg maintained an intragastric pH 〉 4 for 10.5 h vs. 9.6 h for lansoprazole 15 mg (P = 0.44). The percentage total time at oesophageal pH 〈 4 was similar for lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg (2.0% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.30). The proportion of patients with complete cure of heartburn and acid regurgitation and the quality of life assessment were similar for lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg. Both dosages of lansoprazole were well tolerated and the compliance was 100% in both groups.Conclusion : Lansoprazole dosages of 30 mg and 15 mg once daily provide a satisfactory decrease for oesophageal acid exposure and are equally effective for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2004.01846.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset and disappearance of reflux symptoms in a Chinese population: a 1-year follow-up study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Asian population has not been studied before.Aim : To study the onset and disappearances of reflux symptoms over a 1-year period in the Chinese population.Methods : A population-based telephone survey was performed in 2002 and repeated 1 year later. The change in prevalence rate, onset and disappearance of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and the change in diagnoses were assessed. Factors associated with the onset and disappearance of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were studied.Results : A total of 712 subjects completed the first and second survey. The annual, monthly and weekly prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were 34.1%, 10.1% and 2.7% respectively. The onset rate (per 1000 person-year) and disappearance rate of any gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and frequent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (≥ monthly symptoms) were 209, 40; and 395, 243 respectively. Forty-four percentage of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease subjects changed their diagnoses in 2003. By multiple logistic regression analysis, high anxiety score (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2) and higher educational level (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–6.3) were associated with the onset of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; while the frequency of acid regurgitation (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.70) and use of antisecretory therapy (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.89) were associated with the disappearance of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Conclusion : The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is stable over 1 year. Higher anxiety score and higher educational level were associated with the onset of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, while lower frequency of reflux symptoms and infrequent use of antisecretory therapy were associated with the disappearance of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02198.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care utilization of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a Chinese population: a population-based study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Population-based data on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Chinese are lacking. The prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care-seeking behaviour of subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were studied.Methods : Ethnic Chinese (3605) were invited to participate in a telephone survey using a validated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results : A total of 2209 subjects (58% female; mean age, 40.3 years) completed the interview. The annual, monthly and weekly prevalence rates of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were 29.8%, 8.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms were associated with non-cardiac chest pain [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7–3.1], dyspepsia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4–2.5), globus (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.7), acid feeling in the stomach (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.5–7.5) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.6), but not with dysphagia, bronchitis, asthma, hoarseness and pneumonia. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had a significantly higher anxiety and depression score and required more days off work when compared with subjects without. The frequency of heartburn (P = 0.032), female gender (P 〈 0.001), degree of depression (P = 0.004) and social morbidity (P 〈 0.001) were independent factors associated with health care-seeking behaviour.Conclusion : The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was lower than that in Western populations, but carried a significant socio-economic burden in the studied Chinese population. The frequency of heartburn, female gender and psychosocial factors were associated with health care utilization in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01737.x
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