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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    S 2p photoexcitation spectra of SO2 at high resolution (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 4471-4477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The S 2p photoabsorption spectrum of gas-phase SO2 was studied at high resolution (ΔE≅30 meV) using synchrotron radiation. The spectrum contains excitations to both valence orbitals and Rydberg states. The lowest core-to-valence excitation, S 2p−13b1, was found to be fivefold split, and vibrational subbands originating from the symmetric-stretching mode could be resolved. A Franck–Condon analysis of these five states reveals different geometries depending on the symmetry of the total electronic wave function in the final state. In the Rydberg region, both the spin–orbit splitting (≅1.20 eV) and the ligand-field splitting (≅95 meV) were resolved. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477050
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences between L3 and L2 x-ray absorption spectra of transition metal compounds (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6570-6576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The differences between L3 and L2 edges of 3d and 4d transition metal complexes and compounds in octahedral symmetry are discussed. The main origin of these differences are the multiplet effects due to the coupling of the 2p core wave function and the 3d and 4d valence wave functions. The 3d and 4d spin–orbit coupling is a second origin of difference. For 3d systems the multiplet effects dominate all other interactions and the L3 and L2 edge are completely mixed and reordered. For 4d systems the core hole spin–orbit coupling is large and the L3 and L2 are separated by about 100 eV with a ratio close to 2:1. The differences between the L3 and L2 edge originate from the weight transfer between the t2g and eg peaks due to the multiplet effect. This weight transfer is about 25% for the L3 edge and about 5% for the L2 edge, which implies that for a comparison to single-particle calculations the L2 edge is preferable to use. Partly filled 4d systems are low-spin and the occupation of the t2g states implies a decrease of the first peak. This decrease is stronger for the L2 edge, implying an increase in the L3:L2 ratio. For 4d5 systems transitions to the t2g hole are only possible at the L3 edge due to the combined effects of 4d spin–orbit coupling and the dd multiplet effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468351
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sublattice magnetization and spin reorientation in Nd2Fe14B (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3728-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Considerable efforts have recently been made in understanding the magnetic behavior of the rare-earth transition-metal compound Nd2Fe14B, which orders ferromagnetically at Tc=600 K and exhibits a spin-reorientation transition at TSR=135 K. In an effort to obtain direct information on the spin configuration and magnetic ordering in this technologically important compound, we have performed a Nd-145 Mössbauer study on a single crystal of Nd2Fe14B using the 72.5-keV nuclear gamma resonance of Nd-145. The results clearly show that the temperature dependence of the Nd-sublattice magnetization is totally different from that of the macroscopic magnetization, i.e., dropping off far below Tc. The results suggest that the spin-reorientation transition in Nd2Fe14B is driven by an ordering of the Nd sublattice below TSR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340649
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High resolution in the soft x-ray range from a toroidal grating monochromator (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2552-2557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A resolving power, E/ΔE, of ≥13 000 has been achieved with the modified 6 m/160° toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) installed on Beam Line 8-1 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. The resolving power of the TGM was increased by replacing the entrance and exit slits with high-precision slits, masking the horizontal part (short radius) of the grating, and improving the TGM scanning mechanisms. To determine the performance of the monochromator, we measured the dependences of resolution and photon flux on the entrance- and exit-slit widths, the exit-slit position, and the masking of the grating. The monochromator resolution in the energy range of 25–65 eV was derived from photoionization measurements of extremely narrow core-excitation resonances in He and Ne. With 10-μm vertical entrance- and exit-slit widths and 32% mask opening of the grating, the monochromator has a resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 5.0±0.7 meV at a photon energy of 64.5 eV and a flux of 2×107 photons/s/100 mA. The results suggest a simple procedure for converting a TGM with moderate resolution into a high-resolution monochromator with a moderate reduction in photon flux due to masking the grating, beyond the reduction attributable to the slit widths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143866
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-axis rotatable magnet in ultrahigh vacuum (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 369-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We present a rotatable magnet for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) applications, with a pair of coils for small magnetic fields in the mOe range and an electromagnet for large fields up to 2 kOe. The magnet is based on a mechanism that permits one to exchange electromagnet and coils while keeping the sample in a measurement position. Combined with a rotatable sample, this setup is an excellent tool for in situ studies of magnetism in UHV, in which different techniques are combined. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431440
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and magnetization changes upon annealing of Fe/Cu(100): An in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect study (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Morphology changes and irreversible reorientation of the easy magnetization axis upon annealing of thin epitaxial fcc-iron films grown at 100 K on Cu(100) were studied in situ with scanning tunneling microscopy and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. An irreversible spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane is observed for 6 monolayers thick iron films annealed to 350 K. This change in magnetic anisotropy is accompanied by considerable smoothing of the iron film surface. Annealing to higher temperatures leads to a strong increase of the coercive field by up to a factor of 6. The surfaces of these films are atomically flat and display some scattered needle-like protrusions and dislocation lines. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365581
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel resonant beam technique to determine the elastic moduli in dependence on orientation and temperature up to 2000 °C (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3052-3058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A new equipment was developed to determine the elastic moduli from the resonance frequencies of the flexural vibrations of a beam up to temperatures of 2000 °C. The elastic moduli are calculated by minimizing the difference of the experimental versus the theoretical resonance frequencies. The theoretical frequencies are obtained by numerically solving Timoshenko's equation, which takes into account the influence of the shear deformation and the rotatory inertia. From the fundamental frequency and the higher modes of vibration, one Young's modulus and two shear moduli (e.g., E11, G12, and G13) are obtained, the latter two coincide for an elastically isotropic material. With the additional effort of cutting out specimens in specific directions, the complete elastic tensor of anisotropic materials can be measured at high temperatures. The limits and the precision of the method are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149867
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy with longitudinally spin-polarized electrons (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2528-2533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We have built and tested a spin-polarized electron source based on photoemission from negative electron affinity GaAs(100). It provides 5–10 μA of longitudinally spin-polarized electrons in the energy range 5–20 eV. Following the design of Erdman and Zipf, the electron optics are simple and consist of only five elements. Their voltages are all proportional to each other and are linearly driven by one ramping voltage. The spin-polarized electrons are used for angle-resolved inverse photoemission measurements from magnetized sample surfaces. Our first results obtained from Ni(110) mounted on a horseshoe magnet agree well with the literature. From these measurements the degree of spin polarization is determined to be 35%±5%. We also checked the spin polarization using an absorbed-current spin detector in combination with a 90° cylindrical deflector.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141909
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kerr-rotation imaging in scanning near-field optical microscopy using a modified Sagnac interferometer (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A scanning near-field optical microscope is combined with a modified Sagnac interferometer to generate high-resolution magnetic contrast images of a magneto-optical disk (MOD) in reflection. The interferometer acts as a magnetic sensor to determine the Kerr rotation of reflected circularly polarized light. A separate shear-force sample topography is obtained simultaneously with the optical. This technique allows successful magnetic imaging of samples with complicated surface topographies, as demonstrated with the MOD. For these initial measurements, the resolution with nonmetal-coated fiber tips is 300 nm, and the magnetic phase sensitivity is 1 mrad. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121925
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ballistic-electron emission microscopy study of the Au/Si(111)7×7 and Au/CaF2/Si(111)7×7 interfaces (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2300-2302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Ballistic-electron emission microscopy (BEEM) has been performed on Au/n-Si(111)7×7 and Au/CaF2/n-Si(111)7×7 in UHV. In both cases, the topography of the Au surface is characterized by ≈2.5 A(ring) height terraces, stacked in several stages, with rounded shapes for Au/Si, and hexagonal shapes for Au/CaF2/Si. BEEM up to tip voltages of 8 V on Au/Si is not altering the ballistic transmissivity, in contrast to previous work on Au/Si interfaces which involved chemical preparations of the Si surfaces. The shape of the BEEM spectra on Au/CaF2/Si depends on spectral features of the density of states of the CaF2 thin film.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111650
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