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Notes: We have performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on the S=1 quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet, Ni(C5H14N2)2N3(PF6) in the field induced long range ordered (LRO) phase. From the ESR experiments, two branches are observed, one of which is assigned to an antiferromagnetic resonance mode and the other to a one-dimensional excitation that persists in the LRO phase. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: We have observed spin-glass freezing in a nominally pure single crystal of the S=1 linear-chain Heisenberg antiferromagnet Ni(C2H8N2)2NO2(ClO4)(NENP) by direct current (dc), linear alternating current (ac), and nonlinear ac susceptibility measurements. A possible origin of this spin-glass freezing is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The results of electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on the S=1 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Ni(C3H10N2)2NO2ClO4 (NINO) are reported. We have analyzed the polarization dependence of the ESR transition between the singlet ground state and the first excited triplet which is forbidden for an ordinary Hamiltonian. Our results are consistent with the theory by Sakai and Shiba [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 867 (1994)] proposed to explain the forbidden transition. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The results of electron spin resonance measurements at high frequencies are reported on the antiferromagnet FeI2 with strong uniaxial anisotropy. We have found new signals whose g value is 16.5 together with the signal with g=7.0 reported before [Fert et al., Solid State Commun. 26, 693 (1978)]. We interpret these electric spin resonance signals as originating from single-ion four magnon and two magnon bound states, respectively. Some of the exchange interaction constants are determined from the analysis of the results. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: A β titanium alloy of Ti–15Mo–5Zr–3Al (KS15-5-3) is presented as a new material for experimental apparatus to be used at extreme conditions of high pressure, low temperature, and high magnetic field. The material has a tensile strength of 1760 MPa at room temperature and is found to be a Pauli paramagnet with nearly temperature-independent magnetization M/B∼3×10−2 (mJ/T g)/T, except for T〈TC∼2.5 K. Using this material, we developed a high-pressure clamp cell for measuring the magnetization in a commercial superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (Quantum Design MPMS2). This pressure cell can be used in the pressure range 0〈P〈1.0 GPa and temperatures T〉TC. To illustrate the performance of this cell, we present experimental results on a one-dimensional alternating bond antiferromagnet with S=1:Ni(333-tet)(μ-NO2)(ClO4) [333-tet denotes N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine]. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: Application criteria of steroid therapy for the patients of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have not yet been established. The purpose of the present study was to establish retrospectively the clinical and pathological criteria for the steroid therapy by using a histological scoring on 104 adult patients of IgAN. Steroid therapy was designated as an administration of prednisolone in the amount of more than 30 mg per day in the period of more than 4 weeks within 1 year of kidney biopsy.We developed our own scoring system for the following main glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes as shown in 〈link href="#t1"〉Table 1. The histological scoring was expressed by evaluating semiquantitatively the extent of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in terms of activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI). Activity index is the sum of graded score according to the extent of glomeruli with mesangial hypercellularity, intracapillary macrophagic infiltration and cellular crescent as well as to the extent of interstitial inflammation and tubulitis. Chronicity index is the sum of graded score according to the extent of glomeruli with global sclerosis, increase of extracellular matrices or periglomerular fibrosis, and tuft adhesion or fibrous (or fibrocellular) crescent as well as to the extent of interstitial fibrosis (〈link href="#t1"〉Table 1).〈tabular xml:id="t1"〉1〈title type="main"〉 Histological scoring 〈table frame="topbot"〉〈tgroup cols="5" align="left"〉〈colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" align="left"/〉〈colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" align="center"/〉〈thead valign="bottom"〉〈row rowsep="1"〉Score0123〈tbody valign="top"〉〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left"〉AI: Activity Index〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left"〉G: glomerularm: mesangial hypercellularity−〈 40%〈 80%≥ 80%i: intracapillary macrophage infiltration−+++e: cellular crescent0〈 30%≥ 30%〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left"〉I: tubulointerstitiali: interstitial inflammation−+++t: tubulitis−+++〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left"〉CI: Chronicity Index〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="left"〉G: glomerulars: global sclerosis〈 10%〈 30%〈 50%≥ 50%i: increase of extracellular matrix〈 10%〈 30%〈 50%≥ 50%e: fibrous (or fibrocellular) crescent, adhesion〈 10%〈 30%〈 50%≥ 50% I: tubulointerstitial
 interstitial fibrosis〈 10%〈 30%〈 50%≥ 50%〈note xml:id="t1_note5" numbered="no"〉AI: AGm + AGi + AGe*2 + AIi + Ait, CI: CGS + CGi + CGe + CIFor the applicability of steroid therapy, three groups were categorized by evaluating the statistical significance for the correlation of AI, CI and daily amount of urine protein to the outcome of the patients as follows (〈link href="#t2"〉Table 2). In group A (inappropriate indication of steroid therapy) which showed CI ≥ 5 alone, 10 out of 11 cases revealed decline of renal function (Cr ≥ 1.2 mg/dL and Ccr 〈 80 mL/min) within 2.2–19.3 years (mean 9.0 ± 6.4 years) without respect to steroid therapy. In group B (unnecessary indication of steroid therapy) which showed CI 〈 5, AI 〈 5, and UP 〈 1 g/day, 58 out of 60 cases showed normal renal function (Cr 〈 1.2 mg/dL and Ccr ≥ 80 mL/min) within 4.2–21.6 years (mean 10.1 ± 4.7 years). In group C (necessary indication of steroid therapy) which showed CI 〈 5 and AI ≥ 5 or UP ≥ 1 g/day, patients with steroid therapy revealed significantly higher incidence of outcome with normal renal function (12 out of 13 patients, final evaluation of renal function in 6.8 ± 2.3 years after renal biopsy) than that of the patient without steroid therapy (seven out of 20 cases, evaluation of renal function in 9.2 ± 4.0 years after renal biopsy) (P 〈 0.01) (〈link href="#t3"〉Table 3). In the 13 patients with steroid therapy in group C (steroid pulse in four patients, prednisolone 40 mg/day internally in three patients, predonisolone 30 mg/day internally in six patients) showed a significant decrease of proteinuria and remained until final evaluation time (〈link href="#t4"〉Table 4).〈tabular xml:id="t2"〉2〈title type="main"〉 Application criteria of steroid therapy 〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:13205358:NEP15:NEP_15_t2"/〉〈tabular xml:id="t3"〉3〈title type="main"〉 Comparison of steroid (−) with steroid (+) in the group of ‘necessary’ 〈table frame="topbot"〉〈tgroup cols="4" align="left"〉〈colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" align="left"/〉〈colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" align="center"/〉〈thead valign="bottom"〉〈row rowsep="1"〉steroid therapy+− P 〈row rowsep="1"〉no.1320〈tbody valign="top"〉〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="left"〉At Renal Biopsyage (years)〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉31.5 ± 12.936.3 ± 13.0nsUP (g/day)〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉2.3 ± 1.91.3 ± 0.5〈 0.05Cr (mg/dL)〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉0.8 ± 0.30.9 ± 0.1nsCCr (mL/min)〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉111 ± 4392 ± 34nsHypertension (n)19ns+ ACEI (n)410nsFollow-up years from
 renal biopsy〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉6.8 ± 2.39.2 ± 4.0ns〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col4" align="left"〉End of follow-upCr (mg/dL)〈entry align="char" char="[plusmn]"〉0.8 ± 0.35.5 ± 6.6〈 0.01 Normal renal function
 (n)127 Renal insufficiency (n)16〈 0.01 Dialysis (n)07〈tabular xml:id="t4"〉4〈title type="main"〉 Change of urine protein in the 13 cases with steroid treatment in the group of 'necessary' 〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:13205358:NEP15:NEP_15_t4"/〉From the results above, our evaluation system using histological scoring together with grading proteinuria was proven to be useful in estimating the applicability of steroid therapy for adult IgAN patients.