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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy component analyzer and spectrum analysis of end-loss ions in a tandem mirror (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 899-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Features of the electrostatic energy analyzer of a cylindrical type are described with the aim of measuring the end-loss ions in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. The analyzer provides us with information about ion density distributions in a loss-cone region of velocity space as well as plug potential in the tandem mirror. Application of the analyzer to the tandem mirror experiments and the energy spectrum analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional inhomogeneities in sputtered Co-Cr magnetic thin films studied by atom probe field ion microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8025-8031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional inhomogeneities in Co-22 at. % Cr sputtered thin films have been studied quantitatively using atom probe field ion microscopy. For comparison, a Co-22 at. % Cr bulk alloy specimen has also been examined. As predicted from the recently published phase diagram, a solution treated Co-Cr bulk alloy specimen does not contain detectable chemical inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the Co-22 at. % Cr thin film sputter deposited at 200 °C consists of two distinct phases with different Cr concentrations. The size of each phase is in the order of 8 nm which is significantly smaller than the grain size of the specimen; however, the film that was sputter deposited at ambient temperature exhibited a significantly lower level of compositional inhomogeneity. Based on these results, it is concluded that the phase separation progresses when thin films are deposited on heated substrates. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible color changes in sputter-deposited Ag-Zn alloy films (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4632-4636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reversible color-change behavior and its relation to phase transformations in sputter-deposited Ag-50 at. % Zn alloy films were investigated by spectral reflectivity measurements, x-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The color of the alloy film is pink at room temperature when produced by quenching above 560 K, and is silver by quenching between 425 and 545 K. By alternately repeating these heat treatments, the two colored states can be reversibly produced. This color change is observed as reflectivity changes at wavelengths below 600 nm and in the near-infrared range for spectral reflectivity. The pink-colored film has a CsCl-type ordered structure (β' phase), while the silver colored has a hexagonal one (ζ phase). Therefore, the reversible color change is due to the solid-state phase transformations between the β' and ζ phases. By irradiation with semiconductor laser beam, the color change can be induced in a microarea (about 1 μm) of the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341143
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophotometric study of phase transformations in silver-zinc alloy thin films (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3941-3946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transformations between β1, ζ, and β phases in a sputter-deposited Ag-50 at. % Zn alloy thin film were examined by a developed thermophotometric apparatus. Good observations were made using the change in reflectivity of the thin film with temperature and time, and some characteristic transformation behaviors in the thin film were made clear. Kinetics of the β1→ζ transformation were analyzed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. The activation energy obtained from the relaxation time measured at different temperatures was 220.6 kJ/mol. It was much larger than that in the bulk. The time exponent of the equation was 1.51. This shows that the ζ phase nucleates at the grain edge and/or the boundary of the β1 phase after site saturation under a zero nucleation rate. The activation entropy was a large positive value, and the transformation interface was expected to have a complicated structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsonic multiple-jet aerodynamic window (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 677-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An experimental apparatus, which simulates a subsonic multiple-jet aerodynamic window, is fabricated and aerodynamic characteristics of the single-curved jet and the multiple-curved jets are studied. A nondimensional quantity ξ is introduced in order to represent the magnitude of the power consumption. Then, the effect of the window configuration on ξ is evaluated experimentally. Within the range of the present experiments, it is shown that the power consumption of the multiple-jet aerodynamic window can be made less than that of the single-jet scheme, if at least three stages of jets are utilized. It is also shown that the design of the window configuration is important to reduce the power consumption and to obtain the stable operation of multiple-curved jets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiCN: A new chemical vapor deposited contact barrier metallization for submicron devices (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2416-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-quality chemical vapor deposited TiCN films were produced in a single wafer reactor using a metallorganic (TDMAT) precursor. The films have excellent step coverage over high aspect-ratio contacts as well as very low particle content. These properties are obtained because the films are deposited under surface-reaction controlled conditions. The films show also excellent barrier properties against Al and WF6 attack. These properties make this material a superb contact barrier material for ultra-large-scale integrated devices. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112693
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atom probe compositional analysis of Co-Cr sputtered magnetic thin films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2504-2506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Co-22 at. % magnetic thin film, sputter deposited on a heated Cu coated Si substrate, was analyzed in the planar direction of the film by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). The atom probe concentration depth profile convincingly showed that the film contained two phases, one enriched in Cr up to 30–35 at. % and the other enriched in Co up to 95–93 at. %. This result indicates that Co-22 at. % Cr thin film deposited on a heated substrate consists of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, each less than a few tens of nanometers in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109336
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of a sputter-deposited Co–Cr thin film (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1686-1688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) was employed to study nanoscale compositional heterogeneities in Co-22 at. %Cr sputter-deposited thin films. Compositional fluctuations were visualized on a nanometer scale through a 3D reconstruction of collected atoms. Transmission electron microscopy observations of the same specimen area of before and after 3DAP analysis made it possible to scale the analyzed volume precisely. The resulting data show that a Co-22 at. %Cr thin film sputter deposited at elevated temperature was composed of two phases with a lamellarlike structure, one phase was ferromagnetic containing approximately 90 at. %Co, and the other was paramagnetic, containing approximately 60 at. %Co. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113893
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic applications of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. 35. The search for a dialkylaminyl rearrangement. Ring opening of N-cyclobutyl-N-n-propylaminyl (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 328-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00521a052
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional assembly of gold nanoparticles with a DNA network template (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1181-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gold nanoparticles have been assembled into two-dimensional complexes using a DNA network template. Atomic force microscope images indicate that gold nanoparticles can be artificially arranged using a DNA molecular template with an average separation of 260 nm. Furthermore, the pattern of the complex can be controlled by changing the concentration of the DNA solution. The results suggest that this method is effective in achieving positional control of nanoscale arrangements for a wide range of applications. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396630
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