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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the bone reaction to three different titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite coated implants (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to three different types of titanium (Ti) alloys and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated titanium alloy by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Therefore, implants made of these materials were inserted into the tibia of rabbits. Implantation times were 6 and 16 weeks. The histological evaluation included measurement of the amount of bone apposition and analysis of the bone reaction and interface characteristics around the implants. The results demonstrated no marked differences in bony reaction to the different implant materials. In addition, the HA coatings showed loss of thickness. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue response to percutaneous implants in rabbits (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 295-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on certain aspects of wound-healing around percutaneous implants. Plasma-sprayed and dense hydroxylapatite, titanium, and carbon test implants were inserted into the tibia and the cranium of 12 rabbits. Four and 8 months after insertion, the animals were sacrificed and the implants with their surrounding tissues were processed histologically. Light- and transmission electron microscopic investigations were performed. It is found that direct and indirect boneanchoring favors the longevity of percutaneous implants. No differences in tissue reaction between the various implant materials were observed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parallel surface microgrooves and surface energy on cell growth (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment and surface microtexture on cellular behavior, smooth and microtextured silicone substrata were produced. The microtextured substrata possessed parallel surface grooves with a width and spacing of 2.0 (SilD02), 5.0 (SilD05), and 10 μm (SilD10). The groove depth was approximately 0.5 μm. Subsequently, these substrata were either left untreated (NT) or treated by ultraviolet irradiation (UV), radiofrequency glow discharge treatment (RFGD), or both (UVRFGD). After characterization of the substrata, rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF) were cultured on the UV, RFGD, and UVRFGD treated surfaces for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Comparison between the NT and UV substrata revealed that UV treatment did not influence the contact angles and surface energies of surfaces with a similar surface topography. However, the contact angles of the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata were significantly smaller than those of the UV and NT substrata. The dimension of the surface microevents did not influence the wettability characteristics. Cell culture experiments revealed that RDF cell growth on UV-treated surfaces was lower than on the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata. SEM examination demonstrated that the parallel surface grooves on the SilD02 and SilD05 substrata were able to induce stronger cell orientation and alignment than the events on SilD10 surfaces. By combining all of our findings, the most important conclusion was that physicochemical parameters such as wettability and surface free energy influence cell growth but play no measurable role in the shape and orientation of cells on microtextured surfaces. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290411
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue reaction to soft-tissue anchored percutaneous implants in rabbits (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1047-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on the soft-tissue response to titanium fiber mesh percutaneous implants. The implants were inserted in the backs of 15 rabbits. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps: implantation of the subcutaneous part of the implants and, after 3 months, fixation of the percutaneous part into the subcutaneous part. Two and 6 months after insertion the animals were sacrificed and the implants, with their surrounding tissues, were processed histologically. Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that only one implant showed considerable skin retraction in the percutaneous area. Around the rest of the implants no downgrowth or only a very limited epidermal downgrowth was observed. Furthermore, the fiber mesh material showed good biocompatible behavior. These results confirm the previous finding that sintered titanium fiberweb structures are effective for the stabilization of percutaneous devices located in soft tissues and can improve their performance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of discharge power level on the properties of hydroxyapatite films deposited on Ti6A14V with RF magnetron sputtering (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effects of discharge radiofrequency (RF) power and film thickness were studied on the characteristics of Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure and chemical composition were investigated with α-step (thickness), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and infrared absorption spectrometry (FTIR). The films were analyzed assputtered and after annealing at 550°C under argon flow. SEM showed that the film surfaces had no cracks or other defects. X-ray diffraction showed that the deposited films were amorphous with low-discharge RF power, and crystalline with high-discharge RF power. After annealing, all the films had the same crystalline structure as apatite. However, the RBS measurements revealed that all films had a higher calcium-phosphate ratio than standard synthetic hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, statistical testing of the RBS data revealed the existence of only a weak correlation between the Ca/P ratio and the discharge power level. Although all sputtered films showed phosphate bonds in the infrared spectrum, only after annealing did the OH bonds of hydroxyapatite become visible. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and histologic evaluation of Ca-P plasma-spray and magnetron sputter-coated implants in trabecular bone of the goat (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to calcium phosphate (Ca-P) plasma-spray and radiofrequency magnetron sputter-coated implants with comparable roughness. Therefore, tapered conical screw designed implants were installed in the trabecular bone of the femurs of nine goats. They were provided with two types of coatings, a plasma-spray dual coating of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite (FA/HA-PS) and a titanium plasma-spray coating, covered with an amorphous Ca-P magnetron sputtercoating (TPS/Ca-P-a). These implants were evaluated histologically and mechanically after 3 months of implantation. A well-controlled method to apply and measure a torsional force to load the screw-type implants to the point of failure was introduced. All implants healed uneventful and were well fixed. No significant difference (Student t test, p 〉 0.05) for the torsional failure force was measured for both type of coatings. Nevertheless, SEM revealed differently situated fracture planes. Light microscopy showed intimate bone-implant contact for both types of coatings; original drill margins were still visible. A lamellar type of bone with some remodeling lacunae was shown. Histomorphometry revealed a higher percentage of bone contact for the FA/HA-PS-coated implants (student t test, p 〈 0.05). Measurement of the amount of bone revealed more bone mass around TPS/Ca-P-a-coated implants (analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison, p 〈 0.05). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial phenomena: An in vitro study of the effect of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) ceramic on bone formation (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 464-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: calcium phosphate coatings ; magnetron sputtering ; osteoblast ; in vitro ; bone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In previous studies we developed a RF magnetron sputter technique for the production of thin Ca-P coatings. With this technique coatings can be produced that vary in Ca/P ratio as well as in structural appearance. The aim of this investigation was to obtain more understanding of the biological behavior of these coatings by way of in vitro experiments. The effect of noncoated titanium (Ti) and three different Ca-P-sputtered surfaces on the proliferation and differentiation (morphology and matrix production) of osteoblast-like cells was studied. Proliferation was determined using counting procedures; morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluorescent markers and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used to obtain quantitative and compositional information about the resultant calcified extracellular matrix (ECM). Results demonstrated that proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells was significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher on noncoated than on Ca-P-coated samples. On the other hand, more mineralized ECM was formed on the coated surfaces. In addition, TEM confirmed that the cells on the coated substrates were surrounded by ECM with collagen fibers embedded in crystallized, needle-shaped structures. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that: (1) the investigated Ca-P sputter coatings possess the capacity to activate the differentiation and expression of osteogenic cells, and (2) bone formation proceeds faster on Ca-P surfaces than on Ti substrates. Further, this bone-inductive effect appeared to be dependent on the Ca-P ratio of the deposited coatings. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 464-474, 1998.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and control of interface strength of RF magnetron-sputtered Ca-PO coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a laser spallation technique (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 624-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: calcium phosphate coatings ; interface strength ; RF magnetron sputter deposition ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In previous studies, an RF magnetron sputter technique was developed for the production of thin calcium phosphate coatings. Several deposition parameters were found to influence the growth rate and the stoichiometry of the coatings. For instance, deposition with additional oxygen pressure decreased the Ca to P ratio of the coatings to 1.67. For application of these coatings on actual Ti implants, it is important to know their adhesive tensile strength with the implant surface and how it varies with the deposition parameters. Motivated by these goals, the aim of this study was to measure the adhesive tensile strength of these coatings with Ti substrates and to study its variation with the deposition parameters. Since most mechanical characterization methods are incapable of providing a direct measure of the interface's fundamental strength, a novel laser spallation experiment was used to accomplish this task. In this experiment, a compressive stress pulse is generated on the back side of a substrate by impinging a 3-ns long Nd:YAG laser pulse. The stress pulse propagates through the substrate and is reflected into a tensile stress wave from the free surface of the coating deposited on its front surface. The returning tensile pulse pries off the coating if its amplitude is high enough. The peak interface tensile stress is computed by using the optically recorded free surface displacement of the coating. Because interface decohesion is accomplished at a strain rate of almost 107 s-1, all inelastic processes essentially are suppressed and the measured value essentially is the intrinsic tensile strength of the interface. Tensile strength values in the range of 500-900 MPa were recorded for the interfaces between sputter-deposited calcium-phosphate coatings and Ti substrates. To confirm the locus of failure, the spalled spots were examined using SEM and EDS. The variation in the measured values was related to the changes in the deposition conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 624-632, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subperiosteal implantation of various RF magnetron sputtered Ca-P coatings in goats (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43 (1998), S. 270-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: magnetron sputtering ; calcium phosphates ; subperiosteal ; oesteogenesis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the initial biological events around RF magnetron sputtered calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings. Therefore, uncoated and coated disks were inserted subperiosteal into the tibia of a goat. The coatings were deposited on commercially pure titanium. The thickness of the coating was 0.1 or 2.0 μm. All the as-sputtered coatings were subjected to an additional heat treatment for 2 h at 500°C. After 1 and 3 weeks of implantation the experimental disks were retrieved and prepared for histological and physicochemical analysis. The histological results demonstrated that the periosteum covered the specimens after both implantation periods. In between the periosteum and implant an acellular layer and a collagen matrix was observed. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the acellular layer consisted of C, Ca, and P ions for the 0.1 μm thick Ca-P coatings. The 2 μm thick Ca-P coatings also showed the presence of sulfate ions in this layer. Only organic material was found on the titanium disks. Further, SEM showed that even after 3-week implantation, a substantial thickness of both coatings was still maintained. Thin film X-ray diffraction demonstrated that after both implantation periods, the CaP-0.1 coating was still present. FTIR of the retrieved specimens demonstrated on the coated disks the formation of additional carbonate apatite (CO3-AP) associated with an organic phase (NH2 groups). On basis of these findings we conclude that our experimental approach is very suitable for the investigation of the healing process around Ca-P coatings. Further, we again demonstrated that the initial interfacial response to Ca-P materials differs from titanium. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 270-276, 1998
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologic evaluation of the osseous adaptation to titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 973-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the bone reaction to titanium and hydroxypatite (HA)-coated titanium implants during the first 3 months after implantation. Therefore, uncoated and coated implants were inserted into the tibia of rabbits for various implantation periods. The histological results demonstrated that although there were no marked differences in bony reaction at the cortical level to the different implant materials, HA-coating appeared to induce more bone formation in the medullary cavity. It was also noted, that 3 months after insertion loss of coating thickness had occurred.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250805
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