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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7355-7360 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence excitation spectra of the D(O+u) ion-pair state of I2 have been obtained using a pulsed supersonic jet. Tunable vacuum ultraviolet radiation in the region 184–200 nm was produced by Raman shifting (fifth and sixth anti-Stokes) the output from a tunable excimer pumped dye laser. Vibrational constants valid up to v'=201 in the D(O+u) state have been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2631-2634 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of cubic AlyGa1−yN/GaN heterostructures on GaAs(001) substrates is reported. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, high resolution x-ray diffraction, and first-order micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the structural and vibrational properties of the alloy epilayers. The Al content of the alloy is in the range from 0.07〈x〈0.20. X-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps demonstrate the good crystal quality of the cubic (Al, Ga)N/GaN films. The measured Raman shift of the TO phonon mode of the AlyGa1−yN alloy is in good agreement with theoretical calculations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 45 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  Twin studies of childhood behavior problems support the conclusion that individual differences in impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention are largely due to genetic influences. Non-genetic variation is due to environmental influences that are unique to the individual, and possibly to rater contrast effects. In the present longitudinal twin study, we report on the size of genetic and environmental effects on individual differences in attention problems at ages 3, 7, 10 and 12 years.Methods:  Mothers were asked to complete the CBCL for their twin offspring when the children were 3 (n = 11,938), 7 (n = 10,657), 10 (n = 6,192), and 12 years old (n = 3,124). We focus on the Overactivity (OA) scale in the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/2–3), and on the Attention Problem (AP) scale of the CBCL/4–18. The data were analyzed using longitudinal structural equation modeling.Results:  Broad heritability of OA and AP is estimated at nearly 75%, at each age. A contrast effect was observed at age 3 only. The results revealed less stability of OA at age 3 to AP at age 7 (r = .40), compared to the stability from AP at age 7 and beyond (r = .70). Genetic effects explained between 76% and 92% of the covariance between OA and AP.Conclusions:  OA and AP are highly heritable at all ages in both genders. The same set of genes appears to be expressed in boys and girls. The size of genetic and environmental contributions remains the same across the ages studied. Stability in OA and AP is accounted for by genetic influences. Children who do not display OA or AP at a given age are unlikely to develop these problems at a subsequent age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 344 (1988), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 52 (1904), S. 122-125 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 52 (1981), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms in patients suffering from acathisia was investigated by determination of urinary night-time 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol (MHPG)-excretion and was compared both with control patients matched according to age and sex and healthy individuals. A significantly reduced MHPG excretion was found among the acathisia patients. It is suggested that a supersensitivity of the spinal noradrenergically innervated receptors caused by their long-term blocking is responsible for occurrence of the symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Keywords: Fluorinated-19 nuclear magnetic resonance ; brain level of neuroleptics ; noninvasive measurements ; rat
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Crohn's disease ; Recurrence ; Resection margins ; Early lesions ; Scanning electron microscopy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Morbus Crohn ; Rezidiv ; Resektionsränder ; Frühveränderungen ; Rasterelektronenmikroskopie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Klinischen Studien zufolge sind das Ausmaß der Resektion und der mikroskopische Befund im Bereich der Resektionsränder beim Morbus Crohn ohne Einfluß auf die Häufigkeit des operationspflichtigen Anastomosenrezidivs. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, im Hinblick auf Frühveränderungen der Erkrankung ein morphologisches Korrelat für die klinischen Befunde und für die Richtigkeit des operativen Vorgehens zu finden. Die Resektionsränder von 29 Patienten mit Morbus Crohn wurden rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei histopathologisch unauffälligem Resektionsrand fanden sich im Dünndarm bei 73 % und im Dickdarm bei 71 % Frühveränderungen. Diese bestanden aus einer Alteration der Schleimhautarchitektur, einer Epithelbrückenbildung sowie einer Becherzellhyperplasie und -trophie. Eine Resektion in „gesunder“ Schleimhaut ist nicht möglich, unabhängig davon, wie lang der Abstand zur makroskopisch sichtbaren Erkrankung gewählt wird. Die morphologischen Befunde belegen die Richtigkeit des heute üblichen operativen Vorgehens mit einer möglichst sparsamen Resektion.
    Notes: Summary. Clinical studies revealed that the size of the margin of resection and the microscopic findings at the edge of the specimen did not influence the rate of recurrence. Regarding early lesions of Crohn's disease, the aim of the present study was to identify morphological alterations which are able to explain the clinical findings and are in accordance with the operative procedure. In the present study the resection margins of 29 patients with Crohn's disease were investigated using the scanning electron microscope. Seventy-three percent of patients with histopathologically unaffected resection margins in the small bowel and 71 % in the large bowel showed early lesions. These consisted of mucosal architectural alterations, epithelial bridge formation and goblet cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Curative resection is not possible, independent of the resection margins. The morphological findings underline the correctness of the usual operative procedure, namely limited resections in Crohn's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 657-661 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter EKT ; Elektrokrampftherapie ; Betreuungsgesetz ; Key words ECT ; Electroconvulsive therapy ; § 1904 German Civil Code
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary If patients who need electroconvulsive therapy are unable to consent, it is necessary to gain the guardian’s permission to carry out the treatment. It remains unclear if, due to possible side effects, it is necessary to gain an additional approval from the Guardianship Court according to § 1904 of German Civil Code (BGB). The high court of Hamburg (Landgericht Hamburg) decided that legal permission is necessary as a result of the risk of persisting retrograde amnesia and the ensuing danger of permanent damage to the patient’s health. This paper points out however, that electroconvulsive therapy, even considering the contraindications, is a safe and effective treatment for depression and schizophrenic psychoses. Application of unilateral short-pulse stimulation reduces the frequency and intensity of cognitive side effects. In particular, retrograde amnesia is very rare with regard to frequency and intensity and is negligible when compared with the dangers of the illness itself. There- fore, it is not necessary to apply for approval from the Guardianship Court.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Besteht bei einwilligungsunfähigen Patienten die Indikation zur Durchführung einer Elektrokrampftherapie (EKT), ist die Genehmigung des Betreuers zur Durchführung der Heilbehandlung erforderlich. Unklar ist, ob aufgrund von eventuellen Nebenwirkungen zusätzlich eine vormundschaftsgerichtliche Genehmigungspflicht im Sinne des § 1904 BGB anzunehmen ist. Das Landgericht Hamburg war unter Verweis auf das Risiko persistierender retrograder Amnesien von der begründeten Gefahr eines länger dauernden gesundheitlichen Schadens ausgegangen und hatte die Genehmigungspflicht bejaht. Die Elektrokrampftherapie ist jedoch unter Beachtung der Kontraindikationen eine sichere und effektive Therapiemaßnahme zur Behandlung von Depressionen und schizophrenen Psychosen. Die Anwendung der unilateralen Kurzpulsstimulation reduziert die Häufigkeit und Ausprägung der kognitiven Nebenwirkungen. Insbesondere retrograde Amnesien treten nur sehr selten und in einer Ausprägung auf, die angesichts der Gefährdungen durch die Grunderkrankung zu vernachlässigen ist. Eine vormundschaftsgerichtliche Genehmigungspflicht im Rahmen des Betreuungsgesetzes ist nach Meinung der Autoren zu verneinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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