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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical current density and flux pinning dominated by neutron irradiation induced defects in YBa2Cu3O7−x : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6513-6515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The functional dependence of critical current density (Jc) upon defect density is studied with neutron irradiation of YBa2Cu3O7−x. Identical polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3O7−x have been irradiated with fast neutrons (E(approximately-greater-than)0.1 MeV) in eight steps between 0 and 2.1 × 1018 n/cm2. Critical current densities are obtained from magnetic hysteresis measurements and correlated with defect density measurements obtained from transmission electron microscopy. We observe that despite the existence of a significant degree of hysteresis in the as grown material the hysteretic Jc in the irradiated samples appears to be dominated by a power law dependence on neutron fluence with an exponent of approximately 1/3 over a wide range of temperature, field and fluence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349891
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent response and the de Almeida–Thouless line in R 1:2:3 superconductors (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5058-5060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As shown recently, the time-dependent response in high-temperature superconductors can be well evaluated on the basis of the classical theory of first-order relaxation processes, if the temperature is low enough. In this article we extend our investigation to the high-temperature limit and show that the decrease of the logarithmic relaxation rate is an experimental consequence of the relaxation model and not a critical slowing down. On the basis of a comparison of the different classical relaxation processes and superconductive time-dependent response the special features of the superconductor can be interpreted. It is shown that all irreversible relaxation results in thermal hysteresis as a consequence of the difference between the time scale of the relaxation and the experiment. This feature introduces difficulties into the experimental determination of the de Almeida–Thouless lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344669
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monolayer magnetism of 3d transition metals in Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt hosts: Systematics of local moment variation : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5932-5934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electronic and magnetic properties of T/Aun, T/Agn (T=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), Fe/Pdn and Fe/Ptn multilayers and sandwiches have been computed using the layer Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (LKKR) band-structure technique. Enhanced (as compared with bulk) 2D T magnetism is observed in all Cr, Mn, and Fe/host configurations, consistent with weak coupling between Cr, Mn, and Fe d bands and those of the noble metal (NM) hosts and consequently d bandwidths which are exceeded by the exchange splitting. Fe and Cr moments vary systematically with the number of mediating Ag or Au planes and the Fermi energy of the system. These systematics are explained by considering the variation of the Fermi energy (EF) with composition as well as constraints of charge neutrality and strong (single-band) ferromagnetism. For Fe in Pt and Pd hosts, d-d hybridization leads to a nearly invariant Fe moment as a function of the number of mediating Pd or Pt planes but with large induced moments on the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and electronic properties of Au/Fe superlattices and interfaces (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5406-5408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electronic and magnetic structure of AunFe(100) superlattices and interfaces are investigated with the layer Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker technique. Enhanced magnetism, over that of bulk bcc Fe, is observed on the Fe layer in all geometries studies. In the supercell geometry the magnetic moment decreases as the number of mediating Au layers is increased, reaching the same asymptotic value as obtained in the interface calculation. These results can be understood in terms of very weak Fe-Au coupling in these systems. The Fe minority-hole states are mainly d states with character orthogonal to the Fe plane, suggesting a tendency for out-of-plane (perpendicular) magnetic anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344568
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic properties of RCo7−xZrx (R=Pr or Er, x=0–0.8) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5663-5665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alloys of composition RCo7−xZrx (R=Pr or Er and x=0−0.8) were synthesized and characterized in the temperature range of 10–1273 K in fields up to 5 T. As with the SmCo7−xZrx system studied earlier in our laboratory, the effects of Zr doping on the stability of the TbCu7 phase and the increase in the anisotropy field HA are also observed in the systems of PrCo7−xZrx and ErCo7−xZrx. Nearly single phase TbCu7 materials were formed in as-cast alloys when x=0.1–0.2. In the case of R=Pr, HA changes from almost planar for x=0 to uniaxial with Ha∼100 kOe for x≥0.2 at room temperature (RT). In the case of R=Er, HA for the x=0.1 composition is almost two times larger than that of the Zr-free alloys, which shows strong uniaxial anisotropy at both RT and 10 K. Spin reorientation behavior (when R=Pr) and R–M antiparallel coupling (when R=Er) were also observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369833
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of field cooling and field orientation on the martensitic phase transformation in a Ni2MnGa single crystal (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5777-5779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature and field dependence of the magnetization in a Ni2MnGa single crystal was measured using a magnetometer with an applied field oriented in the [001] and [011] directions, respectively, of the parent cubic phase. It was found that the magnetic field magnitude and direction could be used to determine the magnetization of the sample during a thermal transformation from the austenitic phase to the martensite phase. This is explained in terms of a magnetic field induced growth of the twin variant having a favorable orientation to the external magnetic field. A model to interpret the magnetic response in terms of aligned twin variants in the shape memory material is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of HITPERM (Fe, Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 magnets (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4421-4423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new class of nanocrystalline alloys with composition Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 has been developed. This and similar alloys of general composition (Fe, Co)–M–B–Cu (where M=Zr, Hf, Nb, etc.) have been named HITPERM. They offer large magnetic inductions and excellent soft magnetic properties at elevated temperatures. Thermomagnetic properties, permeability, and frequency dependent losses are described in this report. These alloys exhibit high magnetization that persists to the α→γ phase transformation at 980 °C. Alternating current permeability experiments reveal a high permeability at 2 kHz with a loss value of 1 W/g at Bs=10 kG and f=10 kHz. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369804
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of magnetic moments in Ho2C3 nanocrystals : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6307-6309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A general approach to the computation of effective magnetic moments in rare-earth carbides is described, and details of this calculation for Ho3+ ions in Ho2C3 are presented. This calculation is designed to explain the reduced magnetic moments, relative to free ion values, measured by dc SQUID magnetometry for Ho2C3 nanocrystals. Crystal-field splittings of the rare-earth ion in a particular symmetry site are determined by the operator equivalent method. Using the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the crystal-field Hamiltonian, the effective magnetic moment is then determined. For Ho3+ ions in Ho2C3, this method predicts a reduced magnetic moment, but the degree of reduction depends on the energy-level splittings and, therefore, the temperature. This magnetic moment is compared with previous experimental results, and the implications of the formal carbon charge, screening, and temperature are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358535
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of monodomain Nd-Fe-B-C nanoparticles : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5293-5295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanoparticles of Nd-Fe-B-C with their crystal structure similar to the Nd2Fe14B phase were generated in a carbon arc. With an average diameter of less than 40 nm, they are monodomain. They have a smaller room-temperature coercivity than would be predicted from the bulk magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, their coercivity is greater than was previously observed in particles 〈5 μm prepared by spark erosion. While the carbon arc process is useful for making small carbon-coated particles which resist oxidation, here dispersion of excess Nd in the carbon matrix results in a significant paramagnetic signal. The dc demagnetization curves enable the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions to be distinguished. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of carbon-coated rare-earth carbide nanocrystallites produced by a carbon arc method : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5879-5881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon-coated gadolinum and holmium carbide nanocrystallites have been generated using a modification of the Huffman-Krätschmer carbon arc process. Bulk amounts of these particles were isolated from the other by-products using a magnetic field gradient. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of 10–50 nm diameter crystallites coated with numerous graphitic layers. The nanocrystallite phases were identified as Gd2C3 and Ho2C3, respectively, by x-ray and electron diffraction. Magnetization measurements were performed using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer between ±5 T at temperatures ranging from 4 to 200 K. The magnetization curves were shown to scale as a function of H/T. The RE3+ sites in RE2C3 have C3 site symmetry. For Gd2C3 the universal curve was fit with a Brillouin function consistent with the Gd3+ free-ion ground-state values of J=7/2 and g=2. The 5I8 Ho3+ free-ion ground state is split, presumably due to a C3 symmetry crystal field. Consequently, for Ho2C3 the Ho3+ free-ion parameters could not be used to fit the experimental data. Empirical fits to the Brillouin function yield a reduced moment of 7.5μB, compared to the free-ion value of 10.6μB. A similarly reduced moment was observed in holmium-containing endohedral fullerenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355547
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