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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. In river corridors, water plays a key role in connecting various landscape patches. This `hydrological connectivity' operates on the four dimensions of fluvial hydrosystems: longitudinal, lateral, vertical, and temporal. The present review focuses on: (1) lateral connectivity that links the main course of a river with floodplain waterbodies; and (2) vertical connectivity, the exchanges between the surface and groundwater via infiltration into the alluvial aquifer and exfiltration of phreatic water from the hillslope aquifer.2. The biocomplexity of fluvial hydrosystems results from interactions between processes operating at various spatial and temporal scales. Differences in the nature and intensity of hydrological connectivity contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of riverine floodplains, which results in high alpha, beta and gamma diversity. Differences in connectivity also provide complementary habitats that are required for the parts of life cycles and life-cycles of some species. Hydrological connectivity also produces antagonistic effects, even within the same waterbody.3. Two temporal scales are distinguished in connectivity dynamics. River level fluctuations within years lead to a pulsing connectivity that drives the functioning of floodplain ecosystems, namely the exchange of organic matter and inorganic nutrients and the shift between production and transport phases. On the scale of decades to centuries, the interactions between various processes increase the biocomplexity of floodplains; for example, river dynamics, which create highly connected waterbodies, compensate for succession that tends towards disconnection. Alternatively, river-bed incision leads to the reduction of fluvial dynamics and to the disconnection of waterbodies, although river incision may increase vertical connectivity where waterbodies are supplied by the hillslope aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Madrid : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Isegoría. 1 (1990:mayo) 139 
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Madrid : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Isegoría. 6 (1992:nov.) 5 
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 6 (1991), S. 113-122 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Bosminidae ; Chydoridae ; environmental change ; oxbow lake ; paleolimnology ; river system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A former meander of the Upper Rhône River, France, is completely filled with silt and occurs as a forested wetland. Bosminidae and Chydoridae (Crustacea, Cladocera) remains are analysed from a 6-m sediment core that reaches coarse sand and gravel layers deposited by running water. The lower layer of fine sediment, deposited by still water after the meander had been cut off, was dated at 1666±211 BC. The likely end of aquatic succession was dated at 800±150 AD. The results, processed using Factorial Correspondence Analysis, suggest 3 phases during the aquatic succession. Phase I, corresponding to open water conditions, is very short. The following phases, indicating the development of macrophyte stands, then a decrease in depth, extend much longer. The unexpectedly long duration (1000–2000 years) of these macrophyte-dominated and marshy phases may be explained by a progressive rise in the mean water level of the Rhône River. The causes of this water level rise may be related to climatic and/or fluvial dynamics changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Triazolam ; Human ; Heart rate ; Respiratory rate ; Sleep ; Noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of triazolam on cardiac and respiratory activity of healthy male subjects was examined during nights disturbed by airplane noises and during undisturbed nights. Twenty-four subjects, divided into three groups of eight, slept in the laboratory for 7 nights (N0–N6). Following a double blind design, group A (control group) received a placebo every night. Group B received 0.25 mg triazolam and group C received 0.5 mg on nights N3, N4 and N5. On the other nights, they received a placebo. For all three groups, the nights N0, N3 and N5 were disturbed by 32 semi-randomly distributed airplane noises. Air and wall temperatures (20° C) and air humidity (10° C, 52%) were kept constant. Sleep measures, heart rate and respiratory rate were continuously recorded. Results showed that the largest dose of hypnotic drug produced an increase in tonic heart rate in the first part of each night throughout the treatment period (N3, N4, N5). When compared to baseline disturbed night N0, the phasic cardiac response to the noises was significantly attenuated on only the 1st treatment night (N3). Triazolam had no significant effect on nocturnal respiratory rate. No after-effects of the drug were observed for cardiac and respiratory activity on the withdrawal night (N6). The results suggest that, with regard to the drug action, there was either an increase in arousal threshold or a dissociation between long-lasting and short-lasting modifications of heart rate. Contrary to the single night attenuation of phasic cardiac responses, there was no drug tolerance for the hypnotic-related increase in tonic heart rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Allogenic processes ; Groundwater supply ; macrophytes ; Rhône river ; Succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract One predicted impact of the construction of the hydroelectric plant of Brégnier-Cordon (Upper Rhône River, France) was the rise of the water table in the part of the plain situated upstream from the power plant. This impact made it possible to test the hypothesis that the slowing, indeed the halting, of ecological successions occurs in the former channels upstream from the power plant because of the increase of seepage supply through coarse alluvium. The vegetation of two braided former channels, one situated upstream (impacted site) and one downstream (reference site) of the power plant was studied over a period of nine years, before (1981) and after (1985, 1986, 1987, and 1989) the construction of the hydroelectric power-plant. The two sites had similar vegetation and successional stages at the beginning of the study. The seepage supply increases in the impacted site resulted in the establishment ofChara globularis andRiccia fluitans, indicating groundwater influence, but, after halting in 1985–1986, the ecological succession proceeded slowly again in 1987 and 1989, depicted by continuing eutrophication (expressed particularly by the increasing abundance ofCeratophyllum demersum). As expected, ecological succession was not halted in the reference site. Terrestrialization processes were apparent and changes were more rapid at its upstream part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: benzodiazepine ; thermoregulation ; sleep ; rectal temperature ; mean skin temperature ; noise ; triazolam ; cortisol excretion ; urinary catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a benzodiazepine (triazolam) on the body temperature of poor sleepers during nights disturbed by airplane noises has been examined. Subjects were divided into 3 groups each of 8 men. Following a double-blind design, Group A (controls) received a placebo for 6 consecutive nights, Group B received 0.25 mg triazolam, and Group C received 0.5 mg triazolam on nights N3, N4 and N5. On all other nights Group B and C subjects received placebo. For all 3 groups, nights N3 and N5 were disturbed by 32, semi-randomly distributed airplane noises. Air and wall temperatures (To=20°C), and air humidity (Tdp=10°C), were kept constant. Rectal temperature and 4 local skin temperatures were recorded from each subject. Urine samples were collected each morning for measurement of cortisol and catecholamine levels. Noise was found to cause an increase in body heat storage, but only in Group A. Both drug groups showed impairment of body heat balance. The hypothermic action of triazolam could be explained both by a central action of the drug on the thermoregulatory controller and by a peripheral action on blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 499-506 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Heat acclimation ; Sweating rate ; Exercise ; Body temperatures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Body temperature regulation was studied in 6 male subjects during an acclimation procedure involving uninterrupted heat exposure for 5 successive days and nights in a hot dry environment (ambient temperature =35° C, dew-point temperature =7° C; air velocity = 0.2 m·s−1). Data were obtained at rest and during exercise (relative mechanical workload =35% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ ). At rest, hourly measurements were made of oesophageal and 4 local skin temperatures, to allow the calculation of mean skin temperature, and of body motility and heart rate. During the working periods these measurements were made at 5 min intervals. Hourly whole-body weight loss was measured at rest on a sensitive platform scale while in the working condition just before starting and immediately after completing the bicycle exercise. The results show that, in both exercise and at rest, the successive heat exposures increased the sweat gland output during the first 3 days. Afterwards, sweat rate decreased without any corresponding change, in body temperature. For the fixed workload, the sweat rate decline was associated with a decrease in circulatory strain. Adjustments in both sweating and circulatory mechanisms occur in the first 3 days of continuous heat exposure. The overall sweat rate decline could involve a redistribution of the regional sweating rates which enhances the sweat gland activities of skin areas with maximal evaporative efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 113-122 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Fluid intake ; Heart rate ; Plasma volume ; Plasma osmolarity ; Gastric emptying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five young unacclimatised subjects were exposed for 4 h at 34
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Disturbance ; Macrophyte ; Rhône River ; Shifting mosaic ; Spatial scale ; Temporal scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vegetation dynamics in two former braided channels of the Rhône River was studied at two time scales in order to test the following hypothesis: fluctuations would occur within seasons (flood disturbances, hydrological fluctuations, phenology) while successions would occur between years. The vegetation was surveyed in 1983, 1988 and 1989 during summer for the interannual investigation, and in spring 1989, summer 1989, winter 1989 and spring 1990 for the seasonal investigation. Terrestrialization, which was observed within the same period in other braided former channels of that river, did not happen here despite the 1989 drought. However, a vegetation zone situated in the upstream part one channel seems to represent some successional trend, resulting in the establishment of Nasturtium officinale and the increasing abundance of Chara vulgaris. In disagreement with the tested hypothesis, only fluctuations are observed at the two temporal scales in the other vegetation zones. The amplitude of cyclic trajectories observed in the seasonal study depends of the degree of hydraulic disturbances (floods, drought) that affects each vegetation zone. The channel that is closer to the river is maintained at a steady state by the periodical inputs of kinetic energy during river overflows and fast floods; the disturbances wash away fine deposits and rejuvenate the vegetation mosaic. In the other former channel that is less disturbed by floods and is characterized by a thick layer of fine sediments, the groundwater inputs from numerous limnocrene springs carry away organic matter and slow down ecological successions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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