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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High confinement and high density with stationary plasma energy and strong edge radiation cooling in the upgraded Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR-94) : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1690-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An overview of the results obtained so far for the radiative I-mode regime on the upgraded Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), Vol. 1, p. 470] is given. This regime is obtained under quasistationary conditions with edge neon seeding in a pumped limiter tokamak with circular cross section. It combines high confinement and high β (up to a normalized beta, βn=2) with low edge q values (down to qa=2.8) and high density even above the Greenwald limit together with dominant edge radiative heat exhaust, and therefore shows promise for the future of fusion research. Bulk and edge properties of these discharges are described, and a detailed account is given of the energy and particle confinement and their scaling. Energy confinement scales linearly with density as for the nonsaturated Ohmic Neo-Alcator scaling, but the usual degradation with total power remains. No deleterious effects of the neon seeding on fusion reactivity and plasma stability have been observed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872343
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The equation of state of polyamorphic germania glass: A two-domain description of the viscoelastic response (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 6851-6857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the quasistatic room temperature equation of state of GeO2 glass under hydrostatic conditions to 7.1 GPa. From ambient pressure to 4 GPa the compression displays completely reversible elastic behavior. Above 4 GPa the glass becomes anelastic and exhibits a dramatic increase in the static compressibility. This change in elastic response is concomitant with the onset of the previously reported pressure-induced germanium coordination change. The equation of state data can be quantitatively described by a two-domain model composed of four- and six-coordinated germanium clusters. The model accurately reproduces the previously measured change in the average Ge–O bond length of germania with pressure and rationalizes the different pressure dependent compressional behavior observed in quasistatic and ultrasonic measurements. We further conjecture that the vitreous polyamorphism exhibited by germania glass at high pressures, and the pressure-induced crystal-to-amorphous transition of quartz-isotypic GeO2, both result from similar underlying coordination instabilities in the germania tetrahedral framework. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469122
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpies of solution and crystallization of ammonium aluminum sulphate dodecahydrate in water at 25°C (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 659-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Ammonium aluminum sulphate dodecahydrate ; enthalpies of solution ; enthalpy of crystallization ; solubility ; vapor pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Enthalpies of crystallization of NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O from aqueous solutions at 25°C, measured using a calorimetric method and determined from previously published data on the concentration dependence of the enthalpy of solution, are reported. The results are compared with the values obtained from the temperature dependence of solubility and from vapor pressure data by using the Williamson equation. The integral and partial molar enthalpies of solution in concentrated and diluted solutions are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural distribution of NADPH-diaphorase in the normal hippocampus and after long-term potentiation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 807-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; NADPH-diaphorase ; electron microscopy ; hippocampus ; synapses ; long-term potentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated at the ultrastructural level in synaptic structures of the hippocampal formation in relation to long-term potentiation (LTP), based on the histochemical NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining with the tetrazolium salt BSPT. BSPT-formazan, the osmiophilic reaction product, was found to be selectively distributed and predominantly attached to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. In synaptic regions mainly the presynaptic sides showed labeling. Although several groups have demonstrated a principal involvement of NO in the LTP-mechanism, we found only a low, statistically insignificant increase in NADPH-d stained presynaptic areas of the dentate gyrus, where LTP was evoked. Postsynaptic elements also did not show any noticeable differences. Based on the present results, the predominantly presynaptic localization of NOS should be preferably considered in models describing a functional role of NO in LTP formation, despite the fact that we failed to reveal any indications for an LTP-related change in synaptically located NADPH-d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273359
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    〈i〉Ab initio〈/i〉 Structure Analysis of VO(HPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 278-281 (Apr. 1998), p. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.278-281.704.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SSONET: Systemunterstützung für mehrseitige Sicherheit in offenen Datennetzen (1999)
    Springer
    Informatik, Forschung und Entwicklung 14 (1999), S. 95-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0949-2925
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter:Sicherheitsarchitektur, Mehrseitige Sicherheit, Konfigurierung, Aushandlung, Interoperabilität ; Key words: Security architecture, multilateral security, configuration, negotiation, interoperability ; CR Subject Classifications: C.2.4, H.5.2, K.4.4, K.6.5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. We present a prototype of a security architecture. It enables developers and users of distributed applications to employ multilateral security. Users can express their security goals (e.g. confidentiality, anonymity, integrity and accountability) and select the according cryptographic mechanisms. The communicating parties negotiate security goals and mechanisms to secure the communication. Therefore the architecture comprises components for configuration and negotiation as well as so called security gateways. Building on secure local systems it allows to set up flexible multilateral security for distributed applications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen eine prototypische Implementierung einer Sicherheitsarchitektur vor. Sie unterstützt Nutzer und Entwickler verteilter Anwendungen bei der Umsetzung bzw. Integration von mehrseitiger Sicherheit. Nutzer können Schutzziele wie Vertraulichkeit, Anonymität, Integrität und Zurechenbarkeit anwendungsbezogen formulieren und ihnen zugeordnete kryptographische Mechanismen konfigurieren. Der konkrete Schutz einer Kommunikation über Datennetze wird zwischen den Partnern ausgehandelt. Heterogenen Anforderungen der Nutzer bzw. Applikationen und heterogenen Eigenschaften der Schutzmechanismen wird durch Architekturkomponenten für Konfigurierung und Aushandlung sowie sog. Sicherheitsgateways Rechnung getragen. Die Architektur setzt jeweils lokal sichere Basissysteme voraus und ermöglicht darauf aufbauend flexible mehrseitige Sicherheit für verteilte Anwendungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004500050129
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation, structural properties and catalytic selectivity of sulfate-doped (VO)2P2O7 catalysts in the oxidation of n-butane (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 46 (1997), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfate-doped VOHPO4·0.5H2O precursors with molar ratios of 0 〉 S : V 〉 0.1 were prepared by three different methods and calcined to the respective sulfate-doped (VO)2P2O7 catalysts in which the distances of the crystal planes parallel to (200) are enlarged. Sulfate doping influences both the crystal structure and the selectivity to maleic anhydride in the oxidation of n-butane. The best catalytic selectivity was achieved for slightly disordered catalysts and moderate lattice distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019008821779
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Characterization of Vanadiumphosphate Catalysts Generated under Ammoxidation Conditions (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 278-281 (Apr. 1998), p. 660-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.278-281.660.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dreidimensionale Sonographie zur Volumenbestimmung von Lebertumoren – ein erster Erfahrungsbericht (1999)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Three-dimensional ultrasound ; Focal hepatic lesions ; Volumetry. ; Schlüsselwörter: Dreidimensionale Sonographie ; focale Leberveränderungen ; Volumetrie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer klinischen Studie wurde die Genauigkeit der Volumenbestimmung mittels dreidimensionaler Ultraschalluntersuchung (3-D-US) mit freier Schallkopfführung in vivo im Vergleich zur Computertomographie (3-D-CT) evaluiert. Insgesamt wurden 42 Patienten mit focalen Leberveränderungen mit 2-D- und 3-D-Ultraschall untersucht. Von 11 Patienten lag zusätzlich ein Spiral-CT mit Kontrastmittel vor. Die Volumina wurden einerseits mittels der Ellipsoidformel berechnet (2-D-US und 3-D-US), andererseits planimetrisch an Workstations rekonstruiert (3-D-US und 3-D-CT). Außerdem wurde für die 3-D-Planimetrie die Intra- und Interuntersuchervariabilität bestimmt. Die gemessenen Leberveränderungen hatten bei der planimetrischen Berechnung nach 3-D-Sonographie im Mittelwert ein Volumen von 155 cm3 (Spannweite 1,5–1231 cm3), der Medianwert betrug 68,8 cm3. Die Abweichung des 2-D-US vom 3-D-CT betrug − 62 % bis + 68 %, die des 3-D-US (Ellipsoid) vom 3-D-CT − 28 % bis + 9 %. Für 3-D-US (Planimetrie) lagen die Abweichungen vom 3-D-CT − 21 % bis + 9 %. Der Konkordanzindex kappa betrug 0,886, was einer sehr guten Übereinstimmung der Untersucher entspricht. Die Intrauntersuchervariabilität lag bei 5 %. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die 3-D-US-Planimetrie nicht untersucherabhängig ist. In bezug auf die Volumenbestimmung ist 3-D-US wesentlich genauer als die konventionelle Sonographie und vergleichbar der aufwendigeren 3-D-CT-Untersuchung. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die 3-D-Sonographie beispielsweise bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen von Tumorerkrankungen als alternatives Verfahren zur Computertomographie eingesetzt werden könnte. Darüber hinaus könnte die 3-D-Sonographie durch Abschätzung des nach Teilentfernung verbleibenden Restlebervolumens sowie durch verbesserte Darstellung der Lagebeziehung von Tumoren zu zentralen Lebergefäßen auch bei der Planung von Leberresektionen hilfreich sein.
    Notes: Summary. In a clinical trial the accuracy of volumetry by use of three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D-US) in comparison to three-dimensional computer tomography (3-D-CT) was evaluated. Overall, 42 patients with focal hepatic lesions were investigated with 2-D- and 3-D ultrasound. In 11 patients additional computerized tomographic arterial portography using spiral technique was performed. The volumes of the lesions were calculated using the ellipsoid formula (for 2-D- and 3-D-US) as well as with a planimetric reconstruction for 3-D-US and 3-D-CT. In addition the intra- and inter-investigator variability of 3-D ultrasound was determined. The volume of the investigated liver lesions (planimetric reconstruction with 3-D ultrasound) ranged between 1.5 cm3 and 1231 cm3 with a mean volume of 155 cm3 and a median volume of 68 cm3. The deviation of 2-D-US vs 3-D-CT was − 62 % to + 68 %, in the case of 3-D-US (ellipsoid) vs 3-D-CT it was − 28 % to + 9 %, and for 3-D-US (planimetry) vs 3-D-CT it was − 21 % to + 9 %. The concordance index kappa was 0.886, showing very good agreement between the two investigators. The intra-investigator variability was 5 %. Our data show that volume measurement by use of 3-D-US is independent of the investigator. With regard to accuracy of volume measurements 3-D-US is comparable to 3-D-CT but more precise than 2-D-US. These results indicate that 3-D-US may be applied in the follow-up of tumor patients as an alternative diagnostic procedure to computer tomography. In addition 3-D-US might be useful in planning liver resections by virtue of better evaluation of the volume of the liver tissue remaining after resection and better visualization of the topography of liver tumors and major hepatic vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050638
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkung topischer Kortikosteroide und topischer Antihistaminika auf das Flimmerepithel humaner Nasenschleimhaut in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Topische Kortikosteroide ; Topische Antihistaminika ; Flimmerzellen ; Flimmerschlagfrequenz ; Benzalkoniumchlorid ; Budesonid ; Flutcasonpropionat ; Azelastin ; Levocabastin ; Key words Topical corticosteroids ; Topical antihistamines ; Benzalkonium chloride preservative ; Ciliary beat frequency ; Ciliated cells ; Budesonide ; Fluticasone propinate ; Azelastine ; Levocabastine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A normal ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells is necessary for the mucociliary clearance of the nose and paranasal sinuses. An in vitro investigation was performed to eval-uate the influence of topical corticosteroids and antihistamines on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal mucosa. The nasal sprays examined contained the corticosteroids budesonide or fluticasone propionate and the topical antihistamines azelastine or levocabastine. All tests were performed on cell cultures of human nasal mucosa during constant conditions. Three of the four nasal sprays tested contained benzalkonium chloride as preservative. An irreversible cessation of ciliary movement was observed in all cells exposed to nasal sprays containing benzalkonium chloride in a 50 per cent solution. The nasal spray containing budesonide was benzalkonium chloride-free and caused minor but fully reversible decreases in ciliary beat frequency after 20 min. As benzalkonium chloride can cause complete standstill of ciliary beat frequency in vitro in human nasal mucosa, we recommend that this preservative should not be used anymore in topical nasal medications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für eine ungestörte mucociliäre Clearence der Nase und Nasennebenhöhlen ist ein koordinierter Flimmerschlag zilientragender Zellen der Nasenschleimhaut notwendig. Untersucht wurde die Wirkung topischer Kortikosteroide und topischer Antihistaminika auf die Flimmerschlagfrequenz humaner Nasenschleimhaut in vitro. Die 4 getesteten Nasensprays enthielten als Wirksubstanz die Kortikosteroide Budesonid und Fluticasonpropionat bzw. die Antihistaminika Levocabastin und Azelastin. Die Experimente wurden unter konstanten und standardisierten Bedingungen an humanen Zellkulturen durchgeführt; 3 der 4 untersuchten Nasensprays enthielten Benzalkoniumchlorid als Konservierungsmittel. Die Messungen ergaben einen irreversiblen Stillstand der Zilien durch Benzalkoniumchlorid haltige Nasensprays in einer Verdünnung 1:1 mit Tyrodelösung. Der Budesonid enthaltende Nasenspray, der als einziger der 4 getesteten Nasensprays Benzalkoniumchlorid frei ist, führte nur zu geringer, nach 20 min voll reversibler Beeinflußung des Flimmerschlags. Da Benzalkoniumchlorid in vitro den Flimmerschlag bis zum irreversiblen Stillstand hemmen kann, sollte die Substanz nicht mehr als Konservierungsmittel in Lokalthera-peutika für die Nase verwendet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050213
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