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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 78.55.Cr ; 78.30.Gt ; 81.20.-n
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Mg+ ions were implanted into highly pure InP grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) method in which the Mg concentration [Mg] was varied between 1×1015 cm−3 and 3×1020 cm–3. Two annealing methods were used: furnace annealing (FA) up to 740° C and flash lamp annealing (rapid thermal annealing, RTA) up to 900° C. For characterization, photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured between 2K and room temperature together with Raman scattering measurements at room temperature. An emission designated by g, which was attributed to a novel energy state of an isolated acceptor, was found to be produced for a rather low value of [Mg]. In addition, a broad emission denoted by [g−g], which was ascribed to acceptor-acceptor pairs, was observed below bound exciton emissions for moderate values of [Mg]. These features were quite similar to those previously observed in acceptor-doped GaAs when the background concentration of donors is extremely low. Two additional novel emissions located far below the band-to-acceptor emission were also obtained, and each showed a remarkable energy shift towards lower energy with increasing [Mg]. The binding energies of these emissions were estimated from the temperature dependence of PL spectra and the results suggest that they are complex-type radiative recombination centers, presumably donor-acceptor-type centers. A strong broad emission centered near the band-to-acceptor emission was observed for [Mg]=3×1020 cm−3. This observation indicates a formation of a new material between In, P and Mg, which was also attested by the appearance of a new TO-like Raman signal for [Mg] greater than 1×1019 cm−3. A substantial difference of PL and Raman spectra was revealed for the two annealing methods, suggesting that the annealing behaviour of ion-implanted InP should be investigated more extensively in order to establish reliable annealing procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 297-304 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ascidian embryogenesis ; Polarity of unfertilized egg ; Cell fusion ; Cytoplasmic transfer ; Cytoplasmic determinants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Cytoplasmic determinants that specify the fate of endoderm, muscle and epidermis cells are known to be localized in specific areas of fertilized eggs of ascidians. The presence of such cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs was demonstrated in previous studies, but no information has yet been proved about their distribution. To investigate the distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs, we devised a method for distinguishing the polarity of unfertilized eggs using vital staining and we performed cytoplasmic-transfer experiments by fusing blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments from various identified regions of unfertilized eggs. Cytoplasmic fragments, that contained cortical and subcortical material, from five different positions along the animal-vegetal axis were prepared, and they were fused with a4.2 (presumptive-epidermis) or A4.1 (non-epidermis) blastomeres. The ectopic development of endoderm, muscle and epidermis cells that was promoted by the transplanted cytoplasm was assessed by examining the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), myosin and epidermis-specific antigen, respectively. Differentiation of endoderm and muscle was observed at higher frequencies as cytoplasmic fragments closer to the vegetal pole were transplanted. Conversely, formation of epidermis was observed at higher frequencies as cytoplasmic fragments closer to the animal pole were transplanted. The results suggest that, in cortical and subcortical regions of unfertilized ascidian eggs, endoderm and muscle determinants are widely distributed along a gradient, with maximum activity at the vegetal pole, whilst epidermis determinants are also distributed along a gradient but with maximum activity at the animal pole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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