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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3814-3816 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A quasilogarithmic current–voltage converter has been built which allows currents spanning an exceptionally broad range from 10 pA to 10 mA with a bandwidth greater than 2 kHz to be measured. The converter is based on the virtual ground scheme employing semiconductor diodes as nonlinear elements in the feedback path. It is ideally suited for studying local interactions in scanning tunneling microscopy. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1538-1540 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We used local probe techniques to characterize electron beam (e-beam) induced changes in thin oxides on silicon. Primary effects of the 1 nm wide, 300 keV e beam included the formation of positive charges trapped in the SiO2, physical restructuring in the oxide, and deposition of carbonaceous compounds. Charges remained stable in thicker oxides (460 nm) and appeared as changes in the contact potential or microwave response with widths down to 100 nm. In thinner oxides (20 nm) the amount of charge was smaller and less stable; below 7 nm no charge was detected. Physical changes in the oxide, evident as a swelling of irradiated areas, accounted for the etching selectivity of these regions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 7102-7107 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 3876-3881 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 28 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eyrich GKH, Harder C, Sailer HF, Langenegger T, Bruder E, Michel BA: Primary chronic osteomyelitis associated with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO syndrome). J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28: 456–64. © Munksgaard, 1999.Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis may indicate the mandibular localisation of the SAPHO syndrome. Twelve patients with diffuse sclerosis of the mandible were examined for symptoms of the SAPHO syndrome. Nine patients were found to have primary chronic osteomyelitis and eight of these represented a SAPHO syndrome. Results in this series support the hypothesis of an association between primary chronic osteomyelitis and the SAPHO syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes ; CD45 isoforms ; IgM rheumatoid factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated whether, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the CD45 isoform expression of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (T-PBL) is related to auto-immune processes (e.g. IgM rheumatoid factors) and to clinical manifestations. By three-colour flow cytometry, we quantified three subsets of CD4+ or CD8+ T-PBL: “naive” CD45RA+,RO−, “transient” CD45RA+,RO+, and “memory” CD45RA−,RO+ cells, in 102 patients with RA and in 41 age- and sex-matched controls. The serum levels of rheumatoid factors (RF) were determined — besides conventional agglutination tests — by ELISA (IgM-RF). Extensive clinical examination was performed at the time of blood sampling. In RA, age, sex and drug therapy did not constitute major influences on the CD45RA/RO patterns. In “healthy” men, higher age significantly correlated with fewer naive and more memory CD4+ T-PBL (P〈0.01). In RA, distinct correlations between the T-PBL subsets, autoimmune and clinical manifestations became obvious when patients with low and high levels of RF against human IgG Fc fragments, as determined by ELISA, were analysed separately. RA patients with high IgM-RF had elevated proportions of CD45RO+ T-PBL (P〈0.05), that correlated with clinical parameters of disease activity (tender joint count, Ritchie index, P〈0.05) and outcome (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Larsen radiographic scores, P〈0.05). The proportions of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-PBL correlated strongly (P〈0.001) with the IgM-RF levels. Within 1 year, only three of 34 patients (disease duration of 5–9 years) showed seroconversion from low to high levels of IgM-RF (and positive agglutination tests); this was paralleled by reductions in naive and increases in transient T-PBL (P〈0.02). Thus, in RA, the proportions of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-PBL correlate with the level of IgM-RF and, together with transient T-PBL, with clinical parameters of disease activity and outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis ; Femoral neck fractures ; Osteoporosis ; Glycosaminoglycan composition ; Articular cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and uronic acid (UA) composition of human hip articular cartilage from patients with femoral neck fractures [assumed osteoporosis (OP); n=12], from patients with osteoarthritis (OA; n=12) and from normal controls (n=9) was determined. Full depth tissue samples from the control and OP groups were analysed from the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior regions, while the OA tissue was from cystic (tissue growing on top of cystic bone lesions) and osteophytic regions, from normal and fibrillated resident cartilage and from regions immediately adjacent to eburnated bone. The total sulphated GAG and UA content was reduced in the inferior region of control cartilage compared to the other regions and the values of all regions of the assumed OP group. Cystic regions and OA cartilage adjacent to the bone also showed lower GAG and UA levels than the other regions. The ratios of chondroitin 6-sulphate (C6S) to chondroitin 4-sulphate (C4S) indicated a similar pattern in the different regions of controls and the patient group with femoral neck fractures (OP group). The cystic and osteophytic cartilage of the OA group exhibited lower C6S/C4S ratios than any other region. The levels of dermatan sulphate (DS) in the cartilage of all regions of the OP and control groups were very similar and low, while the tissues of the OA group contained significantly higher amounts, particularly the cartilage from osteophytes. The previously presumed compositional similarity between normal aged and osteoporotic articular hip cartilage was essentially confirmed in a comparative analysis. Significant changes in GAG and UA composition of OA cartilage from distinct regions was also recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 972-975 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Sports • Joints • Muscles • Inflammation • Rheumatic diseases ; Schlüsselwörter Sport • Gelenke • Muskeln • Entzündung • Rheumatische Erkrankungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch lokale und systemische Entzündungsmechanismen, die Immobilisation sowie allenfalls sekundär verstärkt durch Kortikosteroidtherapie, tritt oft sehr rasch eine verminderte Belastbarkeit der Gewebe auf. Schmerzen, Gelenkschwellung, Muskelatrophie und Instabilität begünstigen diese Entwicklung. Bei zunehmender Ausbreitung der Erkrankung tritt rasch eine allgemeine Dekonditionierung auf. Medikamente erlauben in der Regel, die Entzündungsaktivität zu vermindern. Die Steigerung bzw. Wiederherstellung der muskuloskelettalen Belastbarkeit erfordert indessen der Krankheitsaktivität angepaßte Übungen und – sofern vom Patienten erwünscht – eine angepaßte sportliche Betätigung.
    Notes: Summary Local and systemic inflammatory mechanisms and immobilisation, perhaps secondarily intensified by corticosteroid treatment, very often produce reduced load capacity of the tissues. Pain, swelling of the joints, muscular atrophy and instability favour such development. Increased activity of the disease rapidly leads to general discomfort and unfitness. Drugs generally help to reduce the inflammatory activity. To increase and restore the musculo-skeletal load capacity, however, the patient must undergo physiotherapy and exercises adapted to the disease activity and, if he/she so desires adequate sporting activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 56 (1997), S. 342-350 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arthrose ; Finger ; Judo ; Trauma ; Sport ; Key words Osteoarthritis ; Fingers ; Judo ; Trauma ; Sport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Arthrose ist die häufigste Form der Gelenkerkrankungen. Neben verschiedenen bekannten Faktoren wie z.B. Genetik, Alter und Hormonstatus werden chronisch-repetitive Mikro- und Makrotraumatisierungen bei der Fingerpolyarthrose (FIPO) als Ursache diskutiert. Das Ziel dieser longitudinalen Fallstudie war es, bei Judo-Sportlern, welche in einer früheren Untersuchung klinische und radiologische Zeichen einer Fingerpolyarthrose aufwiesen, den Verlauf der Gelenksveränderungen mittels Photographien und Röntgenbildern zu beobachten. Bei den 8 untersuchten Sportlern des Schweizerischen Judo-Nationalkaders von 1979 fanden sich einerseits die für die Fingerpolyarthrose typischen Weichteilveränderungen der DIP- und PIP-Gelenke. Andererseits zeigten diese Gelenke sowie das CMC I-Gelenk radiologisch die für die Fingerpolyarthrose typischen, im Vergleich zu den Weichteilveränderungen relativ gering ausgeprägten, degenerativen Veränderungen. Dabei konnten wir das für die Fingerpolyarthrose typische Verteilungsmuster nachweisen. Sowohl die klinischen als auch die radiologischen Veränderungen waren symmetrisch und beschränkten sich nicht auf einzelne durch Bänderrisse und Frakturen schwer traumatisierte Gelenke. Radiologisch zeigte sich eine Progredienz der degenerativen Veränderungen (p〈0.05). Diese war bei noch aktiven Sportlern deutlicher ausgeprägt. Die meisten Sportler präsentierten sich mit einem oligosymptomatischen Beschwerdebild. Zusammenfassend ist der Judo-Sport, intensiv und über Jahre praktiziert, ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Fingerpolyarthrose. Dabei scheint eine chronisch-repetitive Mikro- und Makrotraumatisierung wesentlich.
    Notes: Summary Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. In addition to known risk factors e.g. genetics, age and hormonal status it has been suggested that chronic-repetitive micro- and substantial (macro-) injury may play an important pathogenetic role. In a longitudinal case-study we examined Judo-players for clinical and radiological changes of the finger joints over the course of 16 years. All examined 8 players demonstrated soft tissue changes including Heberden nodes and radiological changes typical for osteoarthritis of the finger joints. Changes were symmetrical and were not restricted to joints with tendon ruptures or fractures in the anamnesis. Degenerative changes were progressive and more pronounced in active players. Subjectively, symptoms were usually mild. Extensive Judo seems to be a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis of the finger joints due to chronic-repetitive micro- and substantial (macro-) injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knorpelmarker ; COMP ; Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Arthrose ; Key words Marker of cartilage ; COMP ; rheumatoid arthritis ; osteoarthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Today, we can assess criteria to predict the tissue destruction and progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA) only in a late stage of the disease. It would be an advantage to have biochemical markers of disease activity and joint destruction to optimize therapy. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with 37 RA and 20 OA patients (disease duration 119±130 months for RA and 41±73 months for OA), ESR, CRP, disease activity score (DAS), the functional status of RA (American College of Rheumatology), and the radiological scoring systems of Larsen and Kellgren/Lawrence, respectively, were used as parameters for disease activity and joint destruction. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and synovial fluid, COMP fragments with immunoblot in the synovial fluid. Results: The mean COMP value in synovial fluid was 38ug/ml (RA) and 46ug/ml (OA); 6.5ug/ml (RA) and 3.4ug/ml (OA) in serum. RA patients had a higher amount of small COMP fragments in synovial fluid than OA patients. In RA patients, there was a significant positive correlation between disease activity (DAS) and COMP in synovial fluid and serum, a negative correlation between functional status of RA and serum COMP and between radiologic joint destruction of the knee and serum COMP. In OA patients, there was a significant correlation of joint space width and synovial fluid COMP. Discussion: A high clinical disease activity (DAS) correlated with high COMP values in serum and synovial fluid and with increasing proteolytic activity (higher amount of small COMP fragments especially in RA). An increased turnover of cartilage matrix in joint inflammation might explain this correlation. The correlation of decreased COMP with decreased functional status in RA and increased joint destruction is compatible with a loss of cartilage and less turnover. The correlation between joint space width and increased COMP in OA patients with short disease duration might be explained with a higher turnover of the cartilage matrix in the early stage of the disease
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Alle bis heute verwendeten Kriterien zur Messung der Gewebedestruktion bei rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) und Arthrose (OA) zeigen erst ein relativ spätes Stadium des Krankheitsprozesses an. Die Verfügbarkeit von biochemischen Markern, mit denen die Krankheitsaktivität oder die Gelenkzerstörung im Sinne einer Risikoabschätzung vorausgesagt und deren Verlaufswerte zur Erfolgskontrolle bei Therapie eingesetzt werden könnten, wäre ein wichtiger Fortschritt. Patienten und Methoden: In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurden 37 RA- und 20 OA-Patienten mit einer Krankheitsdauer von 119±130 rsp.41±73 Monaten untersucht. Als Parameter der Krankheitsaktivität bzw. der Gewebezerstörung wurden BSR, CRP, Disease Activity Score (DAS), der funktionelle Status der RA gemäß American College of Rheumatology sowie zwei radiologische Scoring Systeme (Larsen Score bei RA- und die Kellgren-Lawrence Kriterien bei OA-Patienten) bestimmt. Mittels enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) wurde cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) im Serum und in der Synovialflüssigkeit dieser Patienten gemessen. Zusätzlich wurden mittels Gel-Elektrophorese und Immunoblot die COMP-Fragmente in der Synovialflüssigkeit ermittelt. Resultate und Diskussion: Der mittlere COMP-Wert in der Synovialflüssigkeit betrug bei RA-Patienten 38ug/ml, bei OA-Patienten 46ug/ml, im Serum 6,5ug/ml rsp. 3,4ug/ml. Bei RA-Patienten korrelierte eine zunehmende Krankheitsaktivität (DAS) mit einem erhöhten COMP-Wert, sowohl in der Synovialflüssigkeit als auch im Serum. Eine erhöhte Freisetzung von kleinen COMP-Fragmenten in der Synovialflüssigkeit, wies auf eine vermehrte proteolytische Aktivität hin. Diese Ergebnisse beruhen wahrscheinlich auf einem erhöhten Umsatz von Knorpelmatrix im entzündeten Gelenk bei RA. Die RA-Patienten in dieser Querschnittsstudie wiesen außerdem eine Korrelation von abnehmendem COMP-Spiegel mit Abnahme der körperlichen Funktion bzw. zunehmender Gelenkzerstörung, auf. Dies deutet auf einen Verlust an Gelenkknorpel mit verminderter Gesamtmenge und Umsatz von COMP hin. Bei OA-Patienten mit kurzer Krankheitsdauer wurde eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen zunehmend (aber insgesamt wenig) reduzierter Gelenkspaltweite und einem erhöhtem COMP-Wert in der Synovialflüssigkeit gefunden. Dieser Zusammenhang legt nahe, daß im kurz- bis mittelfristigen Verlauf des Krankheitsprozesses ein erhöhter Umsatz an Knorpelmolekülen beobachtet werden kann.
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