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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 136 (1953), S. 418-428 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knorpelmarker ; COMP ; Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Arthrose ; Key words Marker of cartilage ; COMP ; rheumatoid arthritis ; osteoarthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Today, we can assess criteria to predict the tissue destruction and progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA) only in a late stage of the disease. It would be an advantage to have biochemical markers of disease activity and joint destruction to optimize therapy. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with 37 RA and 20 OA patients (disease duration 119±130 months for RA and 41±73 months for OA), ESR, CRP, disease activity score (DAS), the functional status of RA (American College of Rheumatology), and the radiological scoring systems of Larsen and Kellgren/Lawrence, respectively, were used as parameters for disease activity and joint destruction. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and synovial fluid, COMP fragments with immunoblot in the synovial fluid. Results: The mean COMP value in synovial fluid was 38ug/ml (RA) and 46ug/ml (OA); 6.5ug/ml (RA) and 3.4ug/ml (OA) in serum. RA patients had a higher amount of small COMP fragments in synovial fluid than OA patients. In RA patients, there was a significant positive correlation between disease activity (DAS) and COMP in synovial fluid and serum, a negative correlation between functional status of RA and serum COMP and between radiologic joint destruction of the knee and serum COMP. In OA patients, there was a significant correlation of joint space width and synovial fluid COMP. Discussion: A high clinical disease activity (DAS) correlated with high COMP values in serum and synovial fluid and with increasing proteolytic activity (higher amount of small COMP fragments especially in RA). An increased turnover of cartilage matrix in joint inflammation might explain this correlation. The correlation of decreased COMP with decreased functional status in RA and increased joint destruction is compatible with a loss of cartilage and less turnover. The correlation between joint space width and increased COMP in OA patients with short disease duration might be explained with a higher turnover of the cartilage matrix in the early stage of the disease
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Alle bis heute verwendeten Kriterien zur Messung der Gewebedestruktion bei rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) und Arthrose (OA) zeigen erst ein relativ spätes Stadium des Krankheitsprozesses an. Die Verfügbarkeit von biochemischen Markern, mit denen die Krankheitsaktivität oder die Gelenkzerstörung im Sinne einer Risikoabschätzung vorausgesagt und deren Verlaufswerte zur Erfolgskontrolle bei Therapie eingesetzt werden könnten, wäre ein wichtiger Fortschritt. Patienten und Methoden: In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurden 37 RA- und 20 OA-Patienten mit einer Krankheitsdauer von 119±130 rsp.41±73 Monaten untersucht. Als Parameter der Krankheitsaktivität bzw. der Gewebezerstörung wurden BSR, CRP, Disease Activity Score (DAS), der funktionelle Status der RA gemäß American College of Rheumatology sowie zwei radiologische Scoring Systeme (Larsen Score bei RA- und die Kellgren-Lawrence Kriterien bei OA-Patienten) bestimmt. Mittels enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) wurde cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) im Serum und in der Synovialflüssigkeit dieser Patienten gemessen. Zusätzlich wurden mittels Gel-Elektrophorese und Immunoblot die COMP-Fragmente in der Synovialflüssigkeit ermittelt. Resultate und Diskussion: Der mittlere COMP-Wert in der Synovialflüssigkeit betrug bei RA-Patienten 38ug/ml, bei OA-Patienten 46ug/ml, im Serum 6,5ug/ml rsp. 3,4ug/ml. Bei RA-Patienten korrelierte eine zunehmende Krankheitsaktivität (DAS) mit einem erhöhten COMP-Wert, sowohl in der Synovialflüssigkeit als auch im Serum. Eine erhöhte Freisetzung von kleinen COMP-Fragmenten in der Synovialflüssigkeit, wies auf eine vermehrte proteolytische Aktivität hin. Diese Ergebnisse beruhen wahrscheinlich auf einem erhöhten Umsatz von Knorpelmatrix im entzündeten Gelenk bei RA. Die RA-Patienten in dieser Querschnittsstudie wiesen außerdem eine Korrelation von abnehmendem COMP-Spiegel mit Abnahme der körperlichen Funktion bzw. zunehmender Gelenkzerstörung, auf. Dies deutet auf einen Verlust an Gelenkknorpel mit verminderter Gesamtmenge und Umsatz von COMP hin. Bei OA-Patienten mit kurzer Krankheitsdauer wurde eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen zunehmend (aber insgesamt wenig) reduzierter Gelenkspaltweite und einem erhöhtem COMP-Wert in der Synovialflüssigkeit gefunden. Dieser Zusammenhang legt nahe, daß im kurz- bis mittelfristigen Verlauf des Krankheitsprozesses ein erhöhter Umsatz an Knorpelmolekülen beobachtet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In an attempt to understand the cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, the toxic effects of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides have been widely studied. At high micromolar concentrations Aβ peptides have been demonstrated to be acutely toxic to various cell types. At submicromolar concentrations, Aβ peptides have been suggested to inhibit cellular metabolic activity, due to their inhibition of the ability of cells to metabolize the oxidoreductase substrate 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Here we show, first, that MTT reduction surprisingly leads to a breakdown in PC12 cell membrane integrity and cell death, presumably through the formation of a crystalline formazan product, and, second, that pretreatment of PC12 cells with nanomolar concentrations of Aβ peptide, rather than inhibiting their metabolic activity, increases the susceptibility of these cells to the secondary toxic effect of formazan crystal formation. These results suggest that low nanomolar concentrations of Aβ render membranes more susceptible to damage by a secondary insult, in this case, MTT reduction. It is plausible that such an effect, when combined with additional risk factors, could contribute to the neurodegeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Micron And Microscopica Acta 18 (1987), S. 211-212 
    ISSN: 0739-6260
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Gerontology 12 (1977), S. 207-214 
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Gerontology 22 (1987), S. 389-408 
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    Keywords: adipocyte ; adipose tissue ; aging ; basement membrane ; capillary ; electron microscopy ; endothelium ; freeze-etching ; plasma membrane ; stereology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4014-4019 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion implantation into metals has the potential of producing metastable compounds and solutions that cannot be achieved using conventional processing methods. However, when high doses of heavy ions into metals are necessitated, the technique is often limited by sputtering effects which dictate a maximum achievable implanted ion concentration in the target. Sputtering of light materials (such as C) by heavy ions is much less significant, however. This study investigates the feasibility of "protecting'' a metal target surface from sputtering during a heavy ion implant by using a thin "sacrificial'' C layer deposited on the target surface. Uncoated and C-coated (∼1000-A(ring)-thick C) Cu targets were bombarded with 600–1000 keV I− ions to a total dose of ∼2×1017 I/cm2. Uncoated samples displayed typical saturation behavior, retaining between 17% and 42% of the dose, depending on the energy. The maximum I concentration achieved in the uncoated samples was about 6 at. %. Excellent results were achieved with the C-coated samples, with retentions of 100% and peak I concentrations between 18 and 33 at. %. Significant mixing of C was found to occur at the C/Cu interface, however as the implantation energy was increased the I concentration profile shifted more deeply into the sample and away from the mixed C/Cu region. This suggested that higher energies and careful tailoring of the implant parameters can eliminate any problems with C mixing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2131-2133 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si delta-doped layers of GaAs were grown by low pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The results showed that, in LP-MOVPE, growth rate plays a crucial role in confinement of dopants and growth temperature has only a secondary effect. Effects of purge time, doping temperature, and doping period on sheet carrier concentration of delta-doped layers were studied. The effect of growth rate on confinement of dopants was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6619-6624 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Our previous work [Clapham, Whitton, Ridgway, Hauser, and Petrovic, J. Appl. Phys. 72, 4014 (1992) and Clapham, Whitton, and Ruck, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 80/81, 501 (1993)] has shown that the sputtering limitation often associated with high-dose, heavy ion implantation into metals can be overcome by using a thin (∼1000 A(ring)) C sacrificial layer. This layer, which is deposited on the surface prior to implantation, sputters slowly during bombardment, thus protecting the underlying target. The present study further investigates the potential of the sacrificial layer technique, using Al as a sacrificial layer on a Ni target implanted with high doses (to 7×1017 ions/cm2) of 5 MeV Pt ions. The Al layer was found to be very effective in enhancing retention of the implanted Pt, with 100% retention and a maximum concentration of 19 at. % Pt achieved for the highest dose. This compares with a saturation concentration of ∼10 at. % Pt when no sacrificial layer was used. The mixing behavior of Al into Ni was consistent with other studies conducted at lower ion energies. The temperature region of radiation-enhanced diffusion was established, and the phase Ni3Al was found to be present in the Al/Ni mixed region after Pt bombardment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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