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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of molecular orientation of very thin rubbed and unrubbed polyimide films (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To determine the molecular orientation of rubbed and unrubbed poly[4,4′-oxydiphenylene- pyromellitimide] (PMDA-ODA) films, we have measured the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of PMDA-ODA films on Si substrates as a function of the incident angle. The molecular orientation was determined by fitting the incident angle dependence and the IR dichroic ratio with the theoretical curves. The IR absorption was calculated by a transfer matrix method to take account of the multiple reflection and refraction at the interfaces. The vibrational response of the polyimide film in the IR region was represented by a Lorentz oscillator model. We found that the molecules in a spin-coated polyimide film are oriented parallel to the substrate surface with a standard deviation of 6.5°. For a rubbed film, the polymer chains are oriented along the rubbing direction and are tilted up on average by 8.5° from the surface plane. We observed a blueshift of the C=O asymmetric stretching band at oblique incidence. The blueshift is explained by anomalous dispersion of the dielectric constant of the polyimide film, and is reproduced by our calculation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface structures and electronic states of H2S-treated InP(001) (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4193-4196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We find two different surface structures, (1×2) and (1×1), for H2S-treated InP(001). They depend upon exposure of H2S at about 350 °C. The coverage of sulfur is estimated to be about a half monolayer and one full monolayer for the (1×2) and (1×1) structures, respectively. The (1×1) structure is reconstructed to the (1×2) structure upon annealing at about 550 °C. It is suggested that sulfur is bonded to only In atoms and substitutes some of the phosphorus atoms below the first layer. Inverse photoemission spectra show strong reduction in intensity of 1.2 eV peak above the Fermi level for a clean InP(001)-(4×2) surface upon adsorption of H2S. This reduction implies a decrease in unoccupied surface states due to dangling bonds of indium dimers on the clean surface. The result of adsorption of oxygen on the (1×2) and (1×1) surfaces indicates significant passivation to oxidation of the surfaces. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362660
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic circular x-ray dichroism in Co/Pt multilayers (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5708-5708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Co/Pt multilayer is one of the most attractive candidates for next-generation high-density magneto-optical recording media. With a decreasing Co layer thickness, the direction of the easy axis of magnetization changes from in-plane to out-of-plane. We have measured core-level MCD of Co/Pt multilayers. Six Co/Pt multilayer samples were prepared which had Co layer thicknesses from 3 to 14 A(ring). The MCD experiments were made using circularly polarized undulator radiation.The spectra were taken separately for the energy regions around the Co M2,3 (and Pt O3) and Pt N6,7 (and Pt O2) edges. The dichroic signals in reflectivity were recorded for two opposite directions of an external magnetic field of 2 T. We have also measured the reflectivity spectra down to 4 eV and have made Kramers–Kronig analyses to obtain the dielectric tensor. The dielectric tensor element which represents absorption MCD shows a dramatic change at the Co M2,3 edges. The MCD spectra of thinner Co-layer samples are more asymmetric than those of thicker ones. This shows that the orbital magnetic moment of Co is enhanced as the Co layer thickness decreases. The MCD spectra become sharper and narrower with a decreasing Co layer thickness. This feature strongly reflects a band narrowing of the Co 3d state at or around the Co/Pt interfaces. The MCD spectra at the Pt N6,7 edges show little dependence on the Co layer thickness. This can be explained by assuming that Pt atoms only at the interfaces are responsible for the MCD signals, since the surface density of Pt atoms is equal for all the samples. Combining the result at the Co M2,3 edges with that at the Pt N6,7 edges leads to the conclusion that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy mainly depends on the electronic structure of Co at Co/Pt interfaces and that Pt atoms at the interfaces play a partial role in magnetic anisotropy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362226
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of epitaxial ferrite multilayer films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5923-5925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated and studied the structure and magnetic properties of high quality single crystalline (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 films. Although (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 and NiFe2O4 films grown directly on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 show mediocre structural and magnetic properties, these same films grown on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered with CoCr2O4 or NiMn2O4 exhibit excellent crystallinity and bulk saturation magnetization values, thus indicating the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the underlying layer. X ray, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis provide a consistent picture of the structural properties of these ferrite films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361844
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependent exchange anisotropy in single-crystal ferrite thin films (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4989-4989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-crystal bilayers of (magnetically soft) (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 and (magnetically hard) CoFe2O4 can exhibit nearly ideal exchange anisotropy. This is directly related to the extremely high structural quality that can be achieved by epitaxial growth on appropriate substrates. For example, we use (110)-oriented MgAl2O4 substrates with 100 nm CoCr2O4 buffer layers. The paramagnetic buffer layer provides a close lattice match for the ferrites, and is annealed at about 1000 °C to provide excellent crystallinity. Subsequent growth of the ferrite bilayer is executed at 400 °C, which is high enough to permit growth of highly crystalline epitaxial films, yet low enough to avoid substantial intermixing at the interfaces. Measurements at elevated temperatures (290 K〈T〈1000 K) permit characterization of the exchange anisotropy in regimes of low and moderate crystal anisotropy in the soft layer, as well as directly revealing the blocking temperature and the portion of the overall magnetization contributed by each layer. The results provide additional evidence that the exchange coupling energy across the interface is comparable to that within each layer, and in that sense is nearly ideal. The detailed shapes of the M–H loops are found to be in semiquantitative agreement with micromagnetic theory. ©1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364962
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlayer exchange coupling in amorphous/crystalline NiFe2O4 thin-film bilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5926-5928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous/crystalline bilayers of NiFe2O4 exhibit interlayer magnetic exchange coupling, which results from an interaction between a spin-glass material and a ferrimagnetic material. The observed effect is reminiscent of the well-known exchange coupling effect between an antiferromagnet and a ferromagnet, which is widely used in applications where field biasing of thin magnetic films is desirable. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362173
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy of magnetoresistance in (110)La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4797-4799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements on (110)La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films in order to understand the role of in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the magnetoresistance. Transport measurements with current flowing along the magnetically easy [001] and magnetically hard [11¯0] directions exhibit a linear dependence of magnetoresistance on field at high fields due to bulk colossal magnetoresistance. The low field behavior depends not only on the angle of the magnetization with the current but also the direction of the current in the crystal. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370485
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of epitaxial-doped manganite multilayer films (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4953-4953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated and studied the structure and magnetic properties of high quality single crystalline (La0.7Ca0.3)MnO3 and (La0.7Ba0.3)MnO3 films. Films were grown on SrTiO3 as well as LaAlO3 substrates. (La0.7Ca0.3)MnO3 and (La0.7Ba0.3)MnO3 films grown on SrTiO3 exhibit excellent crystallinity and magnetic properties while those grown on LaAlO3 show mediocre structural and magnetic properties. These differences indicate the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the substrate. X-ray and Rutherford backscattering analysis provide a consistent picture of the structural properties of these doped manganite films. These films enable us to investigate the crystal anisotropy using vibrating sample magnetometry and torque magnetometry. Multilayers composed of manganite layers with different dopants (e.g., calcium and barium dopants) also have excellent structural properties since there is minimal strain at the interfaces. Such isostructural single crystalline multilayers are essential for investigating exchange coupling of the doped manganites.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange fields at rare-earth sites in Rn+1Co3n+5B2n (R=Gd and Dy) compounds : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5141-5143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spontaneous magnetization and paramagnetic susceptibility have been measured for the Rn+1Co3n+5B2n compounds with R=Y, Gd, and Dy and n=1, 2, and 3 in the temperature range from 4.2 up to 1000 K in fields up to 20 kOe. The data on the Gd system are analyzed based on the molecular field model. The exchange field at the Gd site from the Co sublattice is estimated. The averaged exchange field at T=0 K is estimated to be 101 T for n=1, 75T for n=2, and 56 T for n=3. Paramagnetic susceptibilities are fairly well expressed by the superposition of the Co- and the Gd-sublattice contributions. Other magnetic properties of the Y and the Gd system are also reported. Only magnetic data are given for the Dy system. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365149
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of magnetic compression on a field-reversed configuration plasma (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 4672-4678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of an axial magnetic compression on a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is carried out for the parameter range of a corresponding experiment conducted on the FRC Injection Experiment (FIX) [S. Okada et al., 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 1998 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna) (in press)]. The simulation results show that during the initial stage of the magnetic compression the front part of the FRC plasma is mainly compressed radially, and that after this stage, the compression is primarily axial. Of particular interest is expected that the closed magnetic flux surfaces of the FRC can be retained without any degradation during the magnetic compression process. Further, it is observed in the simulation that the axial magnetic compression enables a transition of the MHD equilibrium from a long and thin to a short and fat FRC. The effects of this magnetic compression on FRC plasmas are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873753
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