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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The thermo-remanent magnetization and the isothermal remanent magnetization of the synthetic haematite powders were subjected to the repeated cooling-heating cycles between liquid nitrogen temperature and room temperature. In both cases, change in the intensity of remanent magnetization after the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 27 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a proinflammatory enzyme in the synovial fluids of all - and sera of some - patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Due to the similarities in pathogenesis between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, we sought to study the enzymatic properties of PLA2 in periodontal tissue. In this study, we demonstrated PLA2 activity in rat gingival tissue, about 80% of which was present in the cytosolic fraction. We characterized the cytosolic PLA2 enzyme with respect to substrate specificity, sensitivity to detergent, Ca2+ ion dependency and optimum pH. We found that phosphatidylethanolamine, rather than phosphatidylcholine, was the preferred substrate, the Ca2+ ion was essential for the expression of PLA2 activity, the enzyme was active over a broad pH range, with the optimum at pH 9.0, and sodium-deoxycholate inhibited the enzyme activity strongly in a concentration-dependent manner. These results are consistent with those which have been obtained with synovial fluid PLA2 and suggest that gingival PLA2 may be involved in the pathogenic processes of gingivitis and periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 200-201 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Prostaglandin E2 ; Rat calvarial cell ; Differentiation ; Mineralization ; Osteopontin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of PGE2 on mineralized bone nodule formation were studied in fetal rat calvarial (RC) cells in vitro. Continuous exposure of RC cells to 3x10-8M PGE2 induced a twofold increase in mineralized bone nodule formation and a 1.5-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity without affecting RC cell growth. These stimulatory effects were evoked by concentrations of 3x 10-9-3x10-6 M PGE2 and the maximal effect was observed with 3x10-8 M PGE2. The in vitro effects of PGE2 were evident when RC cells were exposed to it on days 8–14 and 8–21, which correspond to the post-confluent culture stage, but no effects were observed when the cells were exposed on days 1–7, the growth stage. The ALPase activity was also higher (1.2–1.4-fold) when 3x10-8 M PGE2 was added during the post-confluent stage. In order to determine the effect of PGE2 during the mineralization phase of bone nodules in the presence of a large population of osteoprogenitor cells, RC cells were exposed to dexamethasone for 7 days before PGE2 was added during the post-confluent stage. A significantly higher percentage of nodules mineralized were observed with 3x10-8-3x10-9 M PGE2 (1.6-and 1.4-fold, respectively), than in control cultures. Analysis of the mineral-related proteins by EDTA extraction of bone nodules followed by electrophoresis and Stains-All staining revealed an increased total amount of osteopontin extracted from the mineralized matrix after PGE2 treatment. The osteopontin content was highest after 3x10-8 M PGE2, with a 73% increase of the densitometric intensity of the bands, although this increase, reflected the increased number of mineralized bone nodules due to PGE2. These findings suggest that PGE2 may increase the proportion of functional osteoblasts able to produce mineralized bone nodules in the population by stimulating differentiation during the postconfluent stage of RC cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 555-557 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PRELIMINARY investigation of geomagnetic variation in the antarctic region1 has shown that the geomagnetic daily variation field, Sq, on quiet days in the dark polar region, is almost an extension of the well-known Sq -field in temperate latitudes, Sq0, but in the sun-lit polar region, a ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 1745-1747 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a change in the proliferative activity of mouse colonic epithelium due to development and aging. In order to measure the proliferative activity, colonic epithelium was immunostained for cyclin proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin), which appears from the Gl to the S phase of the cell cycle, and compared with labeling obtained by [3H]-thymidine radioautography. Litter mice of six age groups from the fetal period (embryonic day 19), newborn period (postnatal day 1), suckling period (postnatal day 5), weaning period (postnatal dy 21), adult period (2 month old) to the senescent period (11 month old) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The descending colons were fixed in methacarn (method-Carnoy) and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained for PCNA/cyclin activity using 19A2 monoclonal antibody and the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. For radioautography, litter mice of nine age groups using in vivo intraperitoneal administration of [3H]-thymidine. The labeling indices of colonic epithelial cells in the proliferative zone were then analyzed and compared between the two investigative methods. Our results show that the prliferative activity of mice colon was high in the fetal and newborn periods and almost constant from the suckling period to senescence, as demonstrated by both PCNA/cyclin immunohistochemistry and [3H]-thymidine radioautography. The labeling index seen by PCNA/cyclin immunohistochemistry was, however, higher than that seen by [3H]-thymidine radioautography.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 19 (1994), S. 425-426 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Biliary tract, anomalies ; Aberrant hepatic, duct-Cholangiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 66-year-old Japanese woman whose cystic duct drained into an aberrant bile duct was found to have an intersegmental connection bridging the right anterior and posterior ducts. The patient had cholelithiasis but no history of hepatic trauma, lending support to congenital etiology for the intersegmental duct. In the presence of aberrant bile ducts, a meticulous search may reveal such biliary communications.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Cotinine ; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Human Tissue ; Distribution ; Smokers' level ; Nikotin ; Cotinin ; Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie ; Menschliches Gewebe ; Verteilung ; Tabakraucher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Nikotin und Cotinin in verschiedenen Körpergeweben wurde eine zuverlässige und sensitive Methode mittels der Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie/Massenspektrometrie entwickelt. Nikotin und Cotinin wurden durch einen 3-stufigen Extraktionsvorgang mit Chinolin als internem Standard isoliert und die Quantifizierung mittels der single ion monitoring-Technik durchgeführt, wobei für Nikotin das Ion m/z 133, für Cotinin m/z 176 und für Chinolin m/z 129 verwendet wurde. Die Detektionsgrenze lag in allen Geweben für Nikotin bei 5 ng/g und für Cotinin bei 10 ng/g, die Kalibrierung erbrachte lineare Verhältnisse im Bereich von 5–1.200 ng/g für Nikotin und im Bereich von 10–1.500 ng/g für Cotinin. Die Genauigkeit und Präzision der Methode wurde an verschiedenen Körpergeweben ausreichend bewiesen. Die Verteilung der beiden Verbindungen in verschiedenen Geweben wurde in 10 Fällen bestimmt. Die festgestellten Nikotinspiegel lagen hierbei bei Konzentrationen, die bei üblichen Tabakrauchern gemessen werden. Hohe Nikotinspiegel wurden in Leber, Niere, Milz und Lunge, niedrige Konzentrationen im Fettgewebe festgestellt. Die Cotinin-Konzentration lag in der Leber am höchsten. Das Gewebe-Blut-Verteilungsverhältnis für Nikotin und Cotinin war im Skelettmuskelgewebe am konstantesten, wobei die Konzentrationen hier jeweils nahe an den Konzentrationen im Blut lagen. Der Skelettmuskel ist somit das geeignetste Gewebe für toxikologische Untersuchungen, wenn die Asservierung von Blut nicht möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary A reliable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine concentrations in various human tissues was developed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted using a 3-step solvent extraction procedure and quinoline as an internal standard. Quantification was carried out by single ion monitoring using ions of m/z 133 for nicotine, m/z 176 for cotinine and m/z 129 for quinoline. The lower limit of detection was 5 ng/g for nicotine and 10 ng/g for cotinine, in each tissue sample. The calibration curves of various tissues were linear in the concentration range from 5–1,200 ng/g for nicotine and 10–1,500 ng/g for cotinine. The accuracy and precision of this method were examined using human tissues and the results were satisfactory. The distribution of nicotine and cotinine was measured in tissues from 10 human autopsies. Nicotine was detected in every tissue examined at a level seen in habitual smokers. The nicotine concentration was high in the liver, kidney, spleen and lung, and low in adipose tissue. The cotinine level was highest in the liver. The tissue/blood concentration ratios of nicotine and cotinine were most stable in skeletal muscle, where the level of these drugs was close to that in whole blood. Skeletal muscle is, therefore, considered to be the most suitable tissue sample for toxicological examination, when acquisition of blood samples is not feasible.
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