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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of myelin protein genes in Schwann cells (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 18 (1989), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of myelin protein genes in Schwann cells has been studied byin situ hybridization.35S-UTP-labelled, antisense and sense RNA probes to the major protein Po, myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein (PLP) were employed with paraffin-embedded sections, teased fibres and dissociated Schwann cells from sciatic nerves of rats. Teased fibres were also prepared from cervical sympathetic trunks. Po mRNA was strongly expressed in the mid-internodal perinuclear area of Schwann cell cytoplasm. The degree of signal appeared to be related to fibre size. MBP mRNA showed a diffuse pattern along the Schwann cell internode with a marked increase in grains at the paranodal cytoplasm, particularly in larger fibres. This distribution suggests that the paranodal area is a major site of insertion of MBP into myelin membrane. The expression of MAG and PLP mRNA was markedly lower than Po and MBP. Both mRNAs were localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm and showed a dependence on fibre size. No significant signal was present in Schwann cells associated with unmyelinated axons. In addition to providing data on the cellular expression of myelin protein genes, these studies have shown that teased fibres are invaluable in allowing the localization of low abundance mRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190837
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro studies of axonally-regulated Schwann cell genes during Wallerian degeneration (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 22 (1993), S. 590-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wallerian degenerationin vivo is associated with marked downregulation of myelin protein genes such as Po and upregulation of other genes such as nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). This study examines the expression of these genes during Wallerian degenerationin vitro and how manipulating Ca2+ affects this response. Small explants of sciatic nerve from normal young adult rats cultured for five days show similar reversal of the myelinating phenotype as foundin vivo. If Ca++ is removed from the culture medium through the addition of EGTA, expression of the nerve growth factor receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein genes is inhibited but downregulation of the Po gene still occurs. Explants cultured in medium containing EGTA are still capable of expressing nerve growth factor receptor if the medium is replaced by one containing Ca2+. Supplementation of normal medium with drugs modulating Ca2+, such as Bepridil which blocks the Na ± Ca2+ exchanger or compound 48/80 which inhibits calmodulin, also prevent the expression of the nerve growth factor receptor gene during Wallerian degenerationin vitro. Treatment of the cervical sympathetic trunk with Bepridil leads to loss of the nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity which is normally present. The results indicate that Ca2+ may play a role in the expression of the nerve growth factor receptor gene during Wallerian degeneration and provide some indication that this effect may be directly on the Schwann cell rather than operating indirectly via the axon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01181486
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hindshaker, a Novel Myelin Mutant Showing Hypomyelination Preferentially Affecting the Spinal Cord (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 26 (1997), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Animals with spontaneous mutations affecting myelin formation have provided useful information about the genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating normal and abnormal myelination. In this paper we describe a novel murine mutation termed hindshaker (hsh) which is inherited in an automosal recessive manner. Affected mice are characterised by a variable tremor of the hind end which commences at about 2 weeks of age and largely disappears in animals older than 6 weeks. There is hypomyelination affecting predominantly the spinal cord, although the optic nerves and brain are involved to a much lesser degree. The defect of thinly myelinated and naked axons is maximal at 20 days of age and largely resolves with time so that in the adult most axons are myelinated. The myelin structure appears normal and immunostains for the major proteins. Although the distribution of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord is similar to normal during the period of hypomyelination, there are fewer mature cells. The hsh mutation appears to delay the maturation of oligodenrocytes, particularly in the spinal cord. Additionally, there is a considerable variation in phenotypic expression and in penetrance when the mutation is expressed on different genetic backgrounds, suggesting the hsh locus is subject to the influence of modifying gene(s). Identification of the hsh gene should identify a factor important in the development of oligodendrocytes, particularly those in the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015486508111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Po mRNA in myelinating Schwann cells is related to fibre size (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 20 (1991), S. 396-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines whether there is a relationship between the abundance of expression for Po mRNA in myelinated Schwann cells and fibre diameter. Individual teased sciatic nerve fibres from young adult rats were hybridized with radiolabelled probe for Po mRNA which is expressed in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the mid-internode. Signal intensity was measured as optical density of the developed autoradiograms. A highly significant positive linear correlation was present between signal intensity and fibre diameter. In a companion study, individual fibres were mounted in Araldite resin and transversely serially sectioned at 4 μm for autoradiography. Grain densities were determined for fibres of different diameters. Again, larger diameter fibres were associated with higher grain densities. The results indicate that the abundance of Po mRNA expressed by a myelin-producing Schwann cell is related to fibre diameter with axonal size probably being the critical determinant. Axons may regulate Po expression through the number of signalling molecules exposed on or released from the axolemma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01355536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Po gene expression in cultured Schwann cells (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 20 (1991), S. 769-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines the expression of the major myelin protein gene Po in cultured Schwann cells, grown on their own or in association with neurons. Many freshly dissociated Scwhann cells from actively myelinating nerves express Po mRNA in high abundance. If neurons are not present, signal intensity falls markedly with time so that by 7 days in culture only a basal expression is evident which is negligible compared to the levelin vivo. Dorsal root ganglia from embryo day 16 (E16) rats contain no significant levels of Po mRNA but when grown in full myelinating medium (containing serum and embryo extract) increasing expression is seen from 4 to 5 days onward even though myelination does not occur until after the second week. In this intervening period the intensity of Po mRNA expression is lower than that found in the actively myelinating cell. Neurons from sympathetic ganglia are also capable of inducing Po mRNA expression. Schwann cells in dorsal root ganglia explants grown in serum-free defined medium do not assemble a basal lamina and will not wrap or myelinate axons. Nevertheless Po mRNA, but not protein, is expressed in levels similar to those found in full myelinating medium prior to myelination. Such Schwann cells also exhibit galactocerebroside and the sulphatide recognised by the 04 antibody. It appears that in defined medium or in myelinating medium prior to myelination axonal signals can induce Po mRNA expression to a certain degree. However, full up-regulation is usually associated with the rapid membrane expansion accompanying myelination. Whether this augmented up-regulation is due to further axonal signalling or events in the Schwann cell is unknown, but the results suggest that Po expression can be regulated at several stages of synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187850
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of diffusion constants by sorption of solute from a constant, finite volume (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2557-2560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200923
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability of saranex film to flame-retardant vapors (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 3369-3373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070191221
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient sorption by two-component laminate slabs in a finite bath (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 3539-3545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Diffusion equations are presented describing the transient sorption of diffusant from a finite constant volume bath through plane-sheet symmetric ternary-laminate membranes and their equivalent binary-laminate coatings attached to an impermeable substrate. The equations are used to analyze the sorption-desorption results obtained for propane diffusant in symmetric ternarylaminate membranes prepared from two block copolymer membranes of bisphenol-A carbonate and dimethyl siloxane. The sorption properties of two-component laminates are discussed and compared with properties of homogeneous membranes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient diffusion through multilaminate slabs separating finite and semiinfinite baths (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3835-3840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Equations describing transient diffusion through multilaminate slabs with constant diffusion and partition coefficients for each lamina separating well-stirred finite and semiinfinite baths are presented. Application is illustrated using a representative slab with three laminae.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271017
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration dependence of the time lag for diffusion (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1300-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050625
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