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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ebulliton Device (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 28 (1956), S. 1213-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60115a055
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Normal Paraffins, Olefins, Ketones, and Nitriles from Colorado Shale Oil. (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 38 (1966), S. 1224-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60241a023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of ground substance in the inner ear in Alloxan diabetic mice (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 239 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Diabetic hearing impairment ; Alloxan diabetes ; Acidic glycosaminoglycans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of the important substances in the ground substance is acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAGs). Changes of AGAGs in the inner ear and in other organs were investigated using alloxan diabetic mice in order to contribute to the understanding of diabetic hearing impairment. In the diabetic group, gradual increases of AGAGs were observed in each tissue. On the 60th day after alloxan injection, AGAG values were increased 3.5-fold in the cochlea, 2.5-fold in the brain, 13-fold in the liver, twofold in the kidney, and fivefold in the pancreas compared with the control values. It is interesting to note that both the cochlea and pancreas showed continuous increases of AGAGs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454265
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). VIII. Synergisms between epoxy compounds and metal soaps (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2355-2365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of bisphenol A type epoxy compounds involving various average molecular weights on the zinc stearate/calcium stearate and the cadmium stearate/barium stearate synergetic soaps induced thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated by colorimetry. The remarkable stabilization effects of epoxides could not be observed on the PVC films without synergetic soaps, while the stabilization of PVC was markedly enhanced by combined use of epoxides and synergetic soaps. The appearance of excessive coloration of cool color producing metal chloride-polyene complexes which were an origin of abrupt discoloration of stabilized PVC was retarded by using epoxides together with synergetic soaps. Moreover, as for PVC with or without synergetic soaps, the epoxy compounds did not inhibit the formation of longer polyene chains which were a chromophore for yellow orange of aged PVC. Further colorimetries and IR or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies on the various PVC containing epoxy compounds and zinc chloride indicated that the epoxy groups caught the zinc chloride. The synergetic effect between epoxy compounds and synergetic metal soaps is ascribed to the action that the epoxides serve as an acceptor for the excessive cool color producing metal chloride produced from zinc stearate and cadmium stearate to retard the abrupt discoloration of stabilized PVC.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). X. Synergisms between epoxidized polybutadienes and metal soaps on the stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1685-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of epoxidized 1,2- or 1,4-polybutadienes on the zinc stearate/calcium stearate synergetic soap-induced thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated by colorimetry. The remarkable stabilization effects of epoxidized polybutadienes could not be observed on the PVC films without synergetic soaps, while the stabilization of PVC was markedly enhanced by combined use of epoxidized polybutadienes with synergetic soaps. Excessive coloration of cool color-producing zinc chloride-polyene complexes that were the source of abrupt discoloration of stabilized PVC was retarded by using epoxidized polybutadienes together with synergetic soap. The synergism of epoxidized polybutadienes was enhanced with increasing epoxy contents. Moreover, the effect is also clearly dependent on degree of dispersion of epoxidized polybutadienes in PVC. Further colorimetries, infrared (IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies on the various PVC-containing epoxidized polybutadienes and zinc chloride indicated that the epoxy groups capture the zinc chloride. The synergistic effect between epoxidized polybutadienes and metal soap was ascribed to epoxidized polybutadienes serving as acceptors for the excessive cool color-producing zinc chloride produced by zinc stearate to retard the abrupt discoloration of stabilized PVC. The plate-out phenomenon appeared during the molding process of PVC-containing epoxy compounds was considerably retarded by epoxidized polybutadienes which modified polyols. The polyol-modifying epoxidized polybutadienes also exhibited a marked effect on PVC stabilization with metal soap.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370620
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). II. Stabilization mechanism through metal soaps by complementary color action (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper, it was pointed out that the stabilization mechanism through metal soaps might be affected by an effect of complementary color. In this work, the colors of heated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films mixed with various metal soaps were investigated by using a differential colorimeter and a spectrophotometer. Monochromatic coloration was observed with PVC, PVC-Ca stearate, and PVC-Ba stearate systems. On the other hand, the phenomenon of color mixing was observed with PVC-Zn stearate, PVC-Cd stearate, PVC-Zn/Ca stearate, and PVC-Cd/Ba stearate systems. In particular, achromatic color remained with PVC-Zn/Ca stearate and Cd/Ba stearate systems for longer heating periods. This means that the stabilization mechanism for PVC compounded with metal soaps should be effected finally by subtractive complementary colors situated between polyene color and the color effected with the metal complex, in addition to being subject to the usual chemical stabilization mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). IV. Color changes on heating poly(vinyl chloride)-dye systems (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1917-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) involving complementary colors has been previously reported. Obliterating polyene color with various dyes containing complementary colors with the polyene color is studied on the basis of colorimetry. The changes in the color of heated PVC containing Thren Blue IRN, Ceres Blue GN, Oplas Violet 730, Macro-Lex Violet 3R, Macro-Lex Green 5B, or Macro-Lex Red 5B were investigated using a differential colorimeter. When the PVCs containing various dyes were heated, the discoloration from the color of each dye to the color mixture of each dye and polyene color was observed with increased heating times for all systems. In particular, an achromatic color has been observed, during the heat treatments, in PVC containing blue dyes such as Thren Blue IRN or Ceres Blue GN, which set up complementary color relationship with the polyene color. Thus the color of polyenes, which appears with advancing dehydrochlorination of PVC, is masked by the blue dyes. It is also apparent that the obliteration of polyene color does not depend on the chemical influences of the dyes added, but by color mixing of polyenes and the dyes. Cool-color dyes markedly slow down the appearance of polyene colors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). V. Synergism between metal soaps and polyols upon stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2143-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250929
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). V. Synergism between metal soaps and polyols upon stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 887-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The marked discolorations observed on aged poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) containing synergetic metal soaps, in the early heating stage, were due to the excessive coloration of π complex of metal chloride and double bonds in the polyene chain. These excessive colorations were inhibited by masking the excessive metal chloride with some masking agents, thereby slowing down the abrupt discoloration of PVC. In this paper, the masking effect of various alcohols such as 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, hexylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, meso-erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and dipentaerythritol is investigated. The polyhydric alcohols, except dihydric alcohols, showed superior masking effect and markedly improved the thermal stabilization effects of synergetic metal soaps. The mechanism for the synergetic effects between polyols and metal soaps should be based on the masking effect of polyols, owing to the formation of the colorless complex of polyols with excess metal chlorides obtained from the metal soap.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250516
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). I. Change in color of poly(vinyl chloride) compounded with some metal soaps (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with one or more metal salts added was colored by the action of heat to investigate the stabilization mechanism. The coloration and the color difference of heated PVC compound films varied according to the metal salt added. The decoloration of the colored compound films was advanced markedly in THF, DMF, acetone, and ammonia. On the other hand, the heated achromatic PVC film containing Cd/Ba soaps underwent an opposite change, from colorless to yellow orange, in the above materials. This means that the coloration of heated compound films may result from the formation of some complex (for example, π complex of the polyene with the metal chloride). Furthermore, the colored film with cadmium stearate was decolored by roll mixing with the colored film containing barium stearate. These results indicate that the stabilization with metal soaps may be founded on a physical phenomenon such aa an effect of complementary color.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190118
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