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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional quasistationary approach to Cherenkov-type optical harmonic generation using a unidirectional-radiation model (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4514-4520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A three-dimensional calculation of Cherenkov-type frequency doubling in an optical channel waveguide is implemented by slicing the lateral profile of the interacting fields into a number of small segments. In each segment, lateral field variations of the harmonic signal are neglected. This method is more simple and requires less computational effort in comparison with a direct three-dimensional beam simulation. With the unidirectional-radiation model one can predict an optimum configuration and the conversion efficiency of miniaturized frequency doublers that utilize guided–to–radiation-mode interactions in nonlinear channel waveguides. Typical results are shown for blue-light generation through frequency doubling in a proton-exchanged MgO-doped lithium niobate channel waveguide. Analyses of green-light generation in organic channel waveguides are reported as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of guided-wave frequency tripling in the form of coherent Cerenkov radiation: Application to ultraviolet light generation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 1157-1167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A useful wave-optics solution is derived for the Cerenkov mode calculation of optical third-harmonic signals that are generated in a multilayer planar optical waveguide. With this modal solution, the ultimate performance of the planar-configuration frequency tripler, being phase matched in the form of coherent Cerenkov radiation, is predictable. Numerical results are shown for the third-harmonic ultraviolet light generation in a planar glass waveguide loaded by a polydiacetylene Langmuir–Blodgett deposited thin film. Furthermore, the possibility of pronounced activation of the third-harmonic radiation from a glass waveguide pumped by an intense laser beam is suggested through field calculations based on a laser-induced damage model. In addition, loss analysis that includes both one- and two-photon absorptions is made by means of a phenomenological propagation model using coupled rate equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349623
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of occlusion on human skin (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to investigate the el led of occlusion on the skin, the flexor sides of both upper arms were covered with column-shaped closed chambers, 30 mm in outer diameter. 20 mm in inner diameter. and 5 mm in height, which were made of polyethylene loam. The tops of the chambers were sealed be plastic films with various levels of water vapor permeability to control moisture in each chamber. The raised chamber walls prevented direct contact between the skin and the plastic film. After 24 h of application, morphological changes of the skin surface were observed microscopically by the nitrocellulose-replica method. Although no visual alterations were found on all areas of occluded skin, microscopic evaluation showed that simple occlusion by films induced an increase in the number of deepened skin furrows on the skin surface. This increase was associated with lower water vapor permeability of the films, as well as with higher values of both temperature and humidity on the test day. Thus, since conditions which facilitate perspiration from the skin lend to cause skin irritation, prolonged exposure of the skin to sweat by simple occlusion may act as a primary skin irritant
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00472.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuation of extracellular hypocretin-1 (orexin A) levels in the rat in relation to the light–dark cycle and sleep–wake activities (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypocretins/orexins are neuropeptides implicated in sleep regulation and the sleep disorder narcolepsy. In order to examine how hypocretin activity fluctuates across 24 h with respect to the sleep–wake cycle, we measured changes in extracellular hypocretin-1 levels in the lateral hypothalamus and medial thalamus of freely moving rats with simultaneous sleep recordings. Hypocretin levels exhibited a robust diurnal fluctuation; levels slowly increased during the dark period (active phase), and decreased during the light period (rest phase). Levels were not correlated with the amount of wake or sleep in each period. Although an acute 4-h light-shift did not alter hypocretin levels, 6-h sleep deprivation significantly increased hypocretin release during the forced-wake period. Hypocretin activity is, thus, likely to build up during wakefulness and decline with the occurrence of sleep. These findings, together with the fact that a difficulty in maintaining wakefulness during the daytime is one of the primary symptoms of hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy, suggest that hypocretin activity may be critical in opposing sleep propensity during periods of prolonged wakefulness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01725.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative strength of metal–ceramic and metal–composite bonds after extended thermocycling (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The relative strengths of ceramic-to-metal and composite-to-metal bonds were compared after prolonged thermocycling. A total of 104 cast discs were produced from a gold alloy (Pontor LFC). A ceramic material (Duceragold) was fused to 24 discs to assess the strength of the metal–ceramic bond. An indirect composite material (New Metacolor Infis) was bonded to the remaining discs after surface preparation by Rocatec tribochemical coating, tin plating and priming with a phosphate conditioner [10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), Cesead II], priming with a thione conditioner (V-Primer) or no treatment (unprimed control). Shear bond strengths were determined before and after thermocycling at 20 000 and 100 000 cycles. Pre-thermocycling bond strengths were ranked in the order: metal–ceramic (40·5 MPa); Rocatec treatment (33·1 MPa) and tin plating–MDP (31·0 MPa); V-Primer (20·9 MPa); and control (11·9 MPa). The bond strengths of the first three groups were not significantly different after 20 000 thermocycles, whereas those of the V-Primer and control groups were significantly reduced. After extended thermocycling (100 000 cycles) the metal–ceramic group had the highest mean shear bond strength (28·5 MPa; P 〈 0·05), followed by the Rocatec (23·9 MPa) and tin plating–MDP (22·1 MPa) groups. The metal–ceramic bond was the most durable, although its strength was reduced by 29·6% after extended thermocycling. On the basis of these results, we recommend the Rocatec and tin plating–MDP systems for composite-to-metal bonding. Metal–ceramic bonding, however, is superior to metal–composite bonding within the limitation of the current experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01391.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesive bonding of super-elastic titanium–nickel alloy castings with a phosphate metal conditioner and an acrylic adhesive (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the bonding characteristics of super-elastic titanium–nickel (Ti–Ni) alloy castings. Disk specimens were cast from a Ti–Ni alloy (Ti-50·85Ni mol%) using an arc centrifugal casting machine. High-purity titanium and nickel specimens were also prepared as experimental references. The specimens were air-abraded with alumina, and bonded with an adhesive resin (Super-Bond C & B). A metal conditioner containing a phosphate monomer (Cesead II Opaque Primer) was also used for priming the specimens. Post-thermocycling average bond strengths (MPa) of the primed groups were 41·5 for Ti–Ni, 30·4 for Ti and 19·5 for Ni, whereas those of the unprimed groups were 21·6 for Ti, 19·3 for Ti–Ni and 9·3 for Ni. Application of the phosphate conditioner elevated the bond strengths of all alloy/metals (P 〈 0·05). X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that nickel was attached to the debonded resin surface of the resin-to-nickel bonded specimen, indicating that corrosion of high-purity nickel occurred at the resin–nickel interface. Durable bonding to super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy castings can be achieved with a combination of a phosphate metal conditioner and a tri-n-butylborane-initiated adhesive resin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01112.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of dual-curable luting composites polymerized with single and dual curing modes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of visible-light exposure on water absorption, solubility and colour stability of dual-curable luting composites. Using eight dual-curable luting composites (2bond2, Bistite II, G-Cera Cosmotech II, Imperva Dual, Linkmax, Lute-It, Panavia Fluoro Cement and Variolink II), disk specimens were prepared by the following two methods: (i) dual-cured specimens; exposed with visible-light from a light-curing unit, and (ii) chemical-cured specimens; chemically polymerized without exposure. Five specimens were produced for each material and curing mode. Water absorption and solubility were determined according to standardized testing methods, and the data were compared using analysis of variance (anova) and contrasts. With regard to colour stability, the colour difference (ΔE*) values between 24 h and the other immersion periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks) were calculated and then analysed by repeated measure anova. The dual-cured specimens exhibited significantly lower solubility values than the chemical-cured specimens except for the Lute-It material. The dual-cured Linkmax material exhibited the lowest solubility (0·51 ± 0·01 μg mm−3) and the lowest ΔE* value after 24 weeks (2·64 ± 0·39). The dual-curable luting composites should be light-exposed after seating of restorations in order to reduce water absorption and solubility, and to improve colour stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01074.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of two thione primers and composite luting agents used for bonding a silver–palladium–copper–gold alloy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the bond strength and durability of two metal adhesive systems bonded to a silver–palladium–copper–gold (Ag–Pd) alloy. Disk specimens were cast from an Ag–Pd alloy (Castwell M.C. 12), air-abraded with 50 μm grain-sized alumina, and they were bonded with two primer-cement bonding systems (Alloy Primer and Panavia Fluoro Cement; Metaltite and Bistite II). For each cement, unprimed specimens were also prepared as experimental controls. Shear bond strengths were determined both before and after thermocycling (4–60 °C, 1 min each, 100 000 cycles). The average post-thermocycling bond strengths in MPa (n=8) were: 39·0 for the Metaltite–Bistite II system, 32·2 for the Alloy Primer–Panavia Fluoro Cement system, 23·1 for the Bistite II material and 21·0 for the Panavia Fluoro Cement material. The use of proprietary primers, both of which contain thione functional monomer, enhanced the post-thermocycling bond strengths of both cements (P 〈 0·05). After thermocycling, however, the difference in bond strength between the two cements was not significant regardless of the use of the primers (P 〉 0·05). It is concluded that the combined use of the thione primer and the luting agent is necessary for bonding the Ag–Pd alloy examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00920.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of disinfectants containing glutaraldehyde on bonding of a tri-n-butylborane initiated resin to dentine (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of disinfectants on the bond strength of resin to dentine. The surface of bovine dentine was exposed to formaldehyde (FA) aqueous solutions, glutaraldehyde (GA) aqueous solutions, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate aqueous solutions (HEMA), a commercially available dentine primer (Gluma CPS desensitizer, GLUMA), isotonic sodium chloride solution (IS), and distilled water (DW), and placed in a humidor (HU) at 37 °C, or non-stored (baseline). All dentine surfaces were conditioned with a 10% citric acid and 3% ferric chloride solution (10-3 liquid), and then bonded to an acrylic rod with a self-curing adhesive resin (Super-Bond C&B). The mean tensile bond strengths determined 24 h after bonding were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's protected LSD test (n=5, P ≤ 0·05). The exposure of dentine to IS, DW and HU for both 48 and 168 h resulted in a decrease in bond strength when compared with the baseline. The highest bond strengths after 168 h of exposure were obtained with 5% GA, 10% HEMA, and GLUMA, the values of which were equivalent to baseline and were significantly higher than that of FA. It is concluded that disinfectant pre-treatment with 5% GA or GLUMA stabilizes the bonding of tri-n-butylborane (TBB) initiated luting agent to bovine dentine conditioned with 10-3 liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00848.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of three-liquid bonding agents on bond strength to a machine milled ceramic material (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study determined the bond strengths of porcelain bonding systems joined to a ceramic material, with the aim of evaluating the effect of a catalyst for silane coupling as well as that of initiators for bonding agents. Two sizes of specimen were cut from ceramic blocks (Cerec 2 Vitablocs Mark II®) and then primed with either a three-liquid self-curing bonding agent (Clearfil Porcelain Bond®, CPB), a three-liquid dual-activated bonding agent (Clapearl Bonding Agent®, CBA), or their components. Unprimed specimens were also used as controls. After conditioning, the two different sized plates were bonded together with a dual-cured luting agent (Clapearl DC®). The specimens were stored in 37 °C water for 24 h and shear bond strengths were determined. Shear testing revealed that the greatest bond strength was generated in the group consisting of ceramic material primed with CBA and exposed for 20 s prior to luting. Bond strengths of the CPB-primed group and the CBA-primed group without pre-exposure were comparable, whereas the remaining groups resulted in significantly lower bond strengths than the other three groups. The priming effect was greatly enhanced when a catalyst was used with the silane coupler as compared with the application of silane alone. The results suggest that incorporation of an initiator and a catalyst for silane coupling into the bonding agent reciprocally enhances bonding between the luting agent and the ceramic material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00423.x
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