Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Electronic Resource  (26)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1850-1859
  • 1840-1849
  • 1830-1839
  • 1810-1819
  • 2013
  • 1996  (14)
  • 1968  (12)
  • 1948
  • 1849
  • 1836
  • 1817
  • 1812
  • Bone
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (26)
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1985-1989
  • +
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 345-354 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcium metabolism ; Hormones ; Lactation ; Osteoporosis ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteoporosis has long been described in pregnant women who developed vertebral fractures in the last trimester or shortly after delivery without underlying disorders. However, this condition appears to be relatively rare and the clinical features, associated metabolic abnormalities and a pathological mechanism have not been fully established. This paper reviews available data on osteoporosis and pregnancy and briefly discusses the relationship between pregnancy and bone mass, calcium homeostasis, systemic skeletal hormones and local factors to help explain the pathophysiology of this unique disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Absorptiometry ; Accuracy ; Bone ; Comparative study ; Dual-energy X-ray ; Femur ; In vitro ; Marrow fat, Quantitative CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bone mineral measurements with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were compared with chemical analysis (ChA) to determine (1) the accuracy and (2) the influence of bone marrow fat. Total bone mass of 19 human femoral necks in vitro was determined with QCT and DXA before and after defatting. ChA consisted of defatting and decalcification of the femoral neck samples for determination of bone mineral mass (BmM) and amount of fat. The mean BmM was 4.49 g. Mean fat percentage was 37.2% (23.3%–48.5%). QCT, DXA and ChA before and after defatting were all highly correlated (r〉0.96,p〈0.0001). Before defatting the QCT values were on average 0.35 g less than BmM and the DXA values were on average 0.65 g less than BmM. After defatting, all bone mass values increased; QCT values were on average 0.30 g more than BmM and DXA values were 0.29 g less than BmM. It is concluded that bone mineral measurements of the femoral neck with QCT and DXA are highly correlated with the chemically determined bone mineral mass and that both techniques are influenced by the femoral fat content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound ; Distraction osteogenesis ; Bone ; Complications. ; Schlüsselwörter: Sonographie ; Callusdistraktion ; Regenerat ; Komplikationen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 20 Patienten während der Callusdistraktion am Unterschenkel sonographisch und radiologisch mit einem 7,5-MHz-Schallkopf in vier Ebenen in definierten Zeitabständen kontrolliert. Bei allen Patienten war der Corticotomiespalt als schalldurchlässige Corticalislücke darstellbar. Durchschnittlich 20,7 (14–28) Tage nach Distraktionsbeginn waren sonographisch echoreiche Strukturen mit dorsaler Schallauslöschung als Zeichen beginnender Regeneratverkalkung nachweisbar. Diese ordneten sich mit weiterer Distraktionsdauer zunehmend in Knochenlängsachse an. Radiologisch fanden sich erst durchschnittlich 48,3 Tage nach Distraktionsbeginn erste Zeichen einer Regeneratverkalkung. In der Distraktionsphase war sonographisch eine zuverlässige Längenbestimmung und damit eine Aussage über den Distraktionsverlauf sowie eine Erkennung von Störungen der Regeneratbildung bzw. postoperativen Hämatomen bei allen Patienten möglich. Mit zunehmender Durchstrukturierung verringerte sich die sonographische Beurteilbarkeit des Regenerats, so daß eine Einschätzung der Belastungssteigerung bzw. Fixateurdemontage nicht allein aufgrund des Sonogramms gestellt werden konnte. Sonographische Untersuchungen des Regenerats sind geeignet, die Strahlenbelastung des Patienten während der Distraktionsphase zu verringern und Komplikationen frühzeitig zu erkennen.
    Notes: Summary. In a prospective study 20 patients were monitored with serial sonograms and radiographs during distraction osteogenesis at the lower limb. All sonograms were obtained in four planes using a 7.5 MHz transducer. The distraction gap was seen as a sonolucent area in all patients after corticotomy. At an average of 20.7 (14–28) days after the beginning of the distraction, echogenic foci occurred and showed increasing longitudinal alignment with further distraction. Radiographical signs of beginning mineralization were seen an average of 48.3 days after the start of the distraction. Exact measurement of the distraction gap was possible in all patients during lengthening. Bone healing complications and hematoma could be detected by ultrasound. A rapid increase of bone mineralization was seen after the distraction was stopped. With increasing cortication of the regenerate bone, sonograms showed a hyper-reflecting solid line so that further mineralization and the time of removal of the fixator could not be assessed by ultrasound. Ultrasound is more sensitive than radiography in identifying new bone formation during distraction, measuring the length of the distraction gap, and detecting early bone-healing complications and can therefore reduce the need for radiographs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 189-195 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Quantitative ultrasound ; Bone ; Institutionalized elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative ultrasound of bone is a promising method for bone assessment: radiation-free, portable and predictive of hip fracture. Its portability allowed us to study the relationships between ultrasonic parameters of bone with age and with non-vertebral fractures in elderly women living in 19 nursing homes. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) of the calcaneus were measured (and the stiffness index calculated) in a sample of 270 institutionalized women, aged 85±7 years, using an Achilles bone densitometer (Lunar). The effects of age, history of non-vertebral and non-traumatic fractures, body mass index, triceps skinfold and arm circumference were assessed on BUA, SOS and stiffness index. Furthermore, to evaluate longitudinally the influence of aging on the ultrasound parameters of bone, 60 subjects from the same group had a second ultrasound measurement after 1 year. The cross-sectional analysis of the data on all 270 women showed a significant decrease (p〈0.001) with age in BUA, SOS and stiffness index (−0.47%, −0.06%, and −1.01% respectively per year). In the 94 women (35%) with a history of previous non-vertebral fractures, ultrasound parameters were significantly lower (p〈0.0001) than in the 176 women with no history of fracture (−8.3% for BUA, −1.3% for SOS, −18.9% for stiffness index). In contrast, there was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between the groups with and without previous non-vertebral fractures, although the measurements decreased significantly with age. In the longitudinal study, repeated quantitative ultrasound after 11.4±0.8 months showed no significant decrease in BUA (−1%) but a significant decrease in SOS (−0.3%,p〈0.0001) and in stiffness index (−3.6%,p〈0.0002). In conclusion, quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus measures properties of bone which continue to decline in institutionalized elderly women, and is able to discriminate women with previous non-vertebral fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Malignant fibroma ; Histiocytoma ; Bone ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a case of MFH of the mandible in a 16-year-old girl. The mandible is a rare location of MFH of bone, with only 21 cases described in the literature. Clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features are discussed, with special emphasis on the unusual pathologic and radiographic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Intra-arterial chemotherapy ; Soft tissues ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neoplasms ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is frequently used as an adjuvant treatment for musculoskeletal tumors. Past studies have noted that IAC not only induces favorable effects in tumor, but may also cause muscle edema and necrosis in previously normal tissue, reflected as increased signal on T2-weighted scans. In order to evaluate the prevalence of these effects, we reviewed all patients receiving IAC and MRI at our institution. Methods. Our study population consisted of 24 patients who underwent IAC. All subjects were studied with MRI both pre-and post-IAC. None of the subjects in this study underwent surgery or radiation therapy until after the post-IAC MRI examination. Any muscle group involved by the tumor or peritumoral edema on the initial scan was excluded from the study. Catheter position during IAC was recorded as central or peripheral. Scans were scored positive if muscle groups in regions remote from the tumor site demonstrated increased T2 signal following IAC. Results. Six out of these 24 patients (25%) were found to have positive results. A significant association was found between peripheral catheter position and a positive scan post-IAC (Fisher’s exact test, P=0.024). Conclusion. Because of our exclusion criteria, we are convinced that the finding of increased T2 signal in 25% of our patients was caused by IAC and represents muscle edema or necrosis. Knowledge of this post-chemotherapy MR finding should help prevent confusion during the interpretation of follow-up MR examinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Tumoral calcinosis ; Cervical spine ; Soft tissue calcification ; Bone ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with idiopathic tumoral calcinosis of the neck. There are calcium deposits in the paraspinal soft tissue with bony involvement in the cervical spine. CT and MR images are presented along with clinical and pathological features. Bony involvement in this disease has not been recognized before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ligament ; Bone ; Enthesis ; Remodelling ; Morphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bone soft tissue remodelling at the femoral and tibial insertions of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the rat knee was monitored at regular intervals from birth to 120 days of age in 40 Sprague Dawley rats. At birth the femoral insertion originated from the perichondrium of the epiphysis. By day 8 the perichondrium within the insertion had turned into fibrocartilage. Secondary ossification of the femoral epiphysis had progressed in the region near to the insertion site by day 15. The epiphyseal cartilage was entirely replaced by bone by day 40 except for the fibrocartilage within the insertion. After that stage, no qualitative change in zonal insertion characteristics was observed, but only increase in size and decrease in cellularity. At birth, the tibial ligament inserted onto the thin cortical bone of the metaphysis via periosteum. At day 8, osteoclasts started to resorb the thin cortical bone at the ligament insertion, thus forming a metaphyseal depression between days 10 and 20. From days 20 to 120, the insertion remained qualitatively unchanged, showing three zones, the ligament, periosteum, and metaphyseal trabecular bone. The deep periosteal layer showed osteoclastic activity in the proximal part and osteoblastic activity in the distal part. The migration mechanism of the ligament insertion during growth seems to be caused by this growth-related osteoclastic resorption of the proximal metaphyseal bone and by simultaneous osteogenic activity, which successively cements the distal part of the ligament to bone. The persistence of the periosteal layer and the metaphyseal depression for up to 120 days may be regarded as a sign of continuing growth in this animal model. This is the first investigation showing that the formation of the metaphyseal depression is a purely postnatal event, and suggests that this process might be initiated by the change in mode of growth and joint biomechanics after birth, enabling ligament development and migration in a growing and increasingly loaded weight-bearing joint. The mainly resorptive process, which takes place during development of the tibial MCL insertion, may account for the tensile failure of this ligament that commonly occurs at this site during growth. The pronounced morphological differences between the chondral femoral and the periosteal tibial attachment of the adult MCL are apparently caused by the different postnatal developmental processes at epiphyses and metaphyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 607-619 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cavitation ; Bone ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of the articular cartilage of the rabbit knee joint from the 17-day fetus to the 2-year adult rabbit has been examined. At 17 days, the developing femur and tibia are separated by the interzone. Cavitation occurs around 25 days; the cells of the intermediate layer flatten and move onto those of the chondogenous layers to create the articular surfaces. After birth, growth of the cartilage is mainly the result of matrix production. Ossification of the epiphyses is complete by 6 weeks postpartum. Horizontal zones can be distinguished in the articular cartilage; the superficial cells are aligned parallel to the surface, but in the deep layers the cells are in columns. The tidemark is first seen at 12–14 weeks. The matrix of the interzone in the 17-day fetus contains types I, III and V collagens, but no type II. After cavitation at 25 days, the surface layer of the articular cartilage still contains type I, but no type II collagen. From 6 weeks postnatal onwards, type II collagen is present throughout the cartilage and type I disappears. Type III collagen is initially in the interterritorial matrix, but later it is mainly pericellular. Type V collagen is pericellular both in the chondrogenous layers and later in the articular cartilage, but is not present in the epiphyseal cartilage below. From 6 weeks onwards, types III and V collagens create a capsule around all the chondrocytes above the tidemark. The relationship of types V and XI collagens is discussed. It is concluded that the articular chondrocytes form a unique subset of cells from the earliest stages of joint formation in the fetal rabbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Bone ; Prostaglandins ; Interleukin-1 ; Tumor necrosis factor ; Osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), two pleiotropic cytokines produced in inflammatory processes, inhibit bone matrix biosynthesis and stimulate prostanoid formation in osteoblasts. In the present study, the importance of prostaglandin formation in IL-1 and TNF-induced inhibition of osteocalcin and type I collagen formation has been examined. In the human osteoblastic cell line MG-63, IL-1α (10–1000 pg/ml), IL-1β (3–300 pg/ml) and TNF-α (1–30 ng/ml) stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and inhibited, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-induced osteocalcin biosynthesis as well as basal production of type I collagen. Addition of PGE2 or increasing the endogenous formation of PGE2 by treating the cells with arachidonic acid, bradykinin, Lys-bradykinin or des-Arg9-bradykinin, did not affect osteocalcin and type I collagen formation in unstimulated or 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-stimulated osteoblasts. Four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, naproxen and meclofenamic acid, inhibited basal, IL-1 β- and TNF-α-stimulated PGE2 formation in the MG-63 cells without affecting IL-1 β- or TNF-α-induced inhibition of osteocalcin and type I collagen formation. In isolated, non-transformed, human osteoblast-like cells, IL-1 β and TNF-α stimulated PGE2 formation and concomitantly inhibited 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-stimulated osteocalcin biosynthesis, without affecting type I collagen formation. In these cells, indomethacin and flurbiprofen abolished the effects of IL-1 β and TNF-α on prostaglandin formation without affecting the inhibitory effects of the cytokines on osteocalcin biosynthesis. These data show that IL-1 and TNF inhibit osteocalcin and type I collagen formation in osteoblasts independently of prostaglandin biosynthesis and that non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs do not affect the effects of IL-1 and TNF on bone matrix biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 474-479 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Apatite ; Collagen ; Demineralization ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique to correlate the ultrastructural distribution of mineral with its organic material in identical sections of mineralized turkey leg tendon (MTLT) and human bone was developed. Osmium or ethanol fixed tissues were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mineralized tissues were photographed at high, intermediate, and low magnifications, making note of section features such as fibril geometry, colloidal gold distribution, or section artifacts for subsequent specimen realignment after demineralization. The specimen holder was removed from the microscope, the tissue section demineralized in situ with a drop of 1 N HCl, then stained with 2% aqueous vanadyl sulfate. The specimen holder was reinserted into the microscope, realigned with the aid of the section features previously noted, and rephotographed at identical magnification used for the mineralized sections. A one to one correspondence was apparent between the mineral and its demineralized crystal “ghost” in both MTLT and bone. The fine structural periodic banding seen in unmineralized collagen was not observed in areas that were fully mineralized before demineralization, indicating that the axial arrangement of the collagen molecules is altered significantly during mineralization. Regions that had contained extrafibrillar crystallites stained more intensely than the intrafibrillar regions, indicating that the noncollagenous material surrounded the collagen fibrils. The methodology described here may have utility in determining the spatial distribution of the noncollagenous proteins in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1996), S. 97-105 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Keywords Lead ; Bone ; Smelter ; X-ray ; fluorescence ; Biological half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Object. The aim of this study was to determine the bone lead concentration in lead smelters and reference subjects, relate them to the lead concentration in blood (B-Pb) and urine (U-Pb), and to use the measured bone lead to calculate a biological half-life for lead in bone. Method and design. The lead concentration in the second phalanx of the left index finger (bone-Pb) was determined in vivo using an X-ray fluorescence technique. The study population comprised 89 smelters with a history of long-term exposure to lead (71 active and 18 retired) and 35 reference subjects (27 active and 8 retired) with no known occupational exposure to lead. Bone-Pb was related to the previous lead exposure, estimated as a time-integrated B-Pb (CBLI). Results. The retired smelters had the highest bone-Pb (median value 55 μg/g wet weight, as against 23 μg/g in active smelters) and 3 μg/g in the reference subjects. A strong positive correlation was observed between the bone-Pb and the CBLI among both active (r s =0.73; P〈0.001) and retired (r s =0.71; P=0.001) smelters. The corresponding correlations between the bone-Pb and the period of employment were of the same magnitude. For retired workers, there were positive correlations between the bone-Pb and the B-Pb (r s =0.58; P=0.011) and U-Pb (r s =0.56; P=0.02). Multiple regression analyses showed that bone-Pb was best described by the CBLI, which explained 29% of the observed variance (multiple r 2) in bone-Pb in active workers and about 39% in retired workers. The estimated biological half-life of bone-Pb among active lead workers was 5.2 years (95% confidence interval 3.3–13.0 years). Conclusions. The high bone-Pb seen in retired workers can be explained by the long exposure periods, the higher exposure levels in earlier decades, and the slow excretion of lead accumulated in bone. The importance of the skeletal lead pool as an endogenous source of lead exposure in retired smelters was indicated by the associations between the B-Pb or U-Pb, on the one hand, and the bone-Pb, on the other. In active workers, the ongoing occupational exposure was dominant. The in vivo X-ray fluorescence technique is still mainly a research tool, and more work has to be done before it can be used more widely in clinical practice. However, over the next decade we can anticipate retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional epidemiological studies in which bone lead determinations reflecting the previous lead exposure in both occupationally and nonoccupationally lead exposed populations are related to various types of adverse health outcomes. Such studies will improve our knowledge of dose–response patterns and provide data that will have an impact on hygienic threshold limit values and prevention of lead-induced diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Bone mineral density ; Phenylketonuria ; Children ; Bone ; mineralization markers ; Mineral ; homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) obtain a great deal of their protein and mineral intakes from synthetic elemental formulae devoid of phenylalanine. To assess the effect of such diets and/or the disease on bone mineralization, children with PKU were compared to normal children for many parameters of mineral homeostasis and bone mineralization. A total of 11 children with PKU of mean age 10.9 ± 4.2 years were compared to a large group of normal control children mean age 11.4 ± 4.2, and an age and sex matched subset (n = 11). Children with PKU had lower serum calcium (9.1 ± 0.9 vs 10.4 ± 1.9 mg/dl P 〈 0.01) amd magnesium (1.67 ± 1.4 vs 2.07 ± 0.16 mg/ dl, P 〈 0.001) but normal values for phosphorus, zinc, and copper. The percentage tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was increased in PKU (93 ± 3% vs 88 ± 6%, P 〈 0.05) suggesting a lower phosphorus intake and/or absorption. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were similar in PKU and control children. Serum albumin and lean body mass by dual energy X-ray absorption were not different suggesting that protein intake was adequate. In the 11 pairs, a decreased bone mineral density was seen for the lumbar spine (0.61 ± 0.15 vs 0.72 ± 0.24 P 〈 0.05), and lower extremities (1.56 ± 0.30 vs 1.87 ± 0.56 P 〈 0.05) by paired t-test. Compared to the total controls and the paired controls, decreases were seen in markers of bone formation; bone alkaline phosphatase, (72 ± 30 vs 126 ± 43 P 〈 0.001), osteocalcin (10.7 ± 3.4 vs 13.1 ± 2.0 P 〈 0.05) and procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide. No differences were seen in the bone resorption markers tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and urine Ca/Cr. The changes noted could not be related after age correction to serum phenylalanine levels, protein intake, or mineral intakes. It is unclear whether deficits in bone mineralization relate to the disease process itself or its treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words MRI ; Knee ; osteoarthritis ; Bone ; abnormalities ; Gadolinium-DTPA ; Animal study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the value of MRI in the detection of degenerative bone marrow abnormalities in an animal osteoarthritis model. Design. In 10 dogs with experimentally induced unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee, MRI was performed using two-dimensional spin-echo (2D-SE) and three-dimensional gradient-echo (3D-GE) imaging. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted 2D-SE sequences were also obtained after injection of gadolinium-DTPA. The results were compared with the gross and histopathologic findings and with radiography. Results. Histopathologic specimens revealed 21 osteosclerotic lesions and 5 intraosseous cysts. On 2D-SE images, 24 of 26 lesions were detected, while 21 of 26 lesions were identified on 2D-GE sequences. Radiography, including conventional tomography, demonstrated 9 of 26 lesions. Regardless of the sequence weighting, all osteosclerotic lesions appeared hypointense on MRI. Signal loss in bone sclerosis resulted primarily from the reduction of intact fat marrow, the increased bone density being of secondary importance. Quantitative signal analysis allowed approximate estimation of the grade of sclerosis. On postcontrast images, sclerotic bone remained hypointense, although significant but non-specific enhancement relative to the normal fat marrow was observed. The extent of contrast enhancement did not correlate with the grade of osteosclerosis. All five cysts were readily diagnosed by MRI. Cysts displayed either central or marginal contrast enhancement within their cavities. Conclusions. MRI provides a sensitive method for the diagnosis of osteoarthritic bone abnormalities, allowing their differentiation from most non-degenerative subarticular lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Carbonate ; Bone ; Fish ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D'après la littérature, il semble que les poissons soient obligées d'hyperventiler en CO2, pour recevoir suffisamment d'oxygène. Ils présenteraient par suite une quantité faible de bicarbonate circulant. Dans cet ordre d'idée, les arêtes de truites et de carpes ont été analysés pour établir si la composition du minéral osseux traduit la faible concentration en bicarbonate sérique. Le contenu en CO2 d'arêtes de poissons n'est pas significativement différent de celui des os normaux de mammifères. Des crîstaux d'apatite synthétique, préparés dans des conditions identiques de T, μ et (HCO 3 − ), ne contiennent que 1/7ème à 1/8ème du CO2 d'arêtes de poissons. Ces résultats indiquent que la composition des liquides dans l'os ne réfléchit pas simplement la composition du sérum circulant, ainsi qu'on l'admet généralement.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es ist in der Literatur berichtet worden, daß Fische, um genügend Sauerstoff zu erhalten, einen Überschuß von Kohlensäure einatmen müssen und folglich einen niedrigen Gehalt an Bicarbonaten im Kreislauf aufweisen. Knochen von Forellen und Karpfen wurden analysiert, um festzustellen, ob ihre Mineralsalzzusammensetzungen die niedrigen Serum-bicarbonate-konzentrationen wiederspiegeln. Die Resultate zeigten keinen wesentlichen Unterschied zwischen dem Carbonatgehalt der Knochen von Fischen und Säugetieren. Synthetische Apatitkristalle, die unter ähnlichen Bedingungen von T, μ und HCO3 bereitet wurden, wiesen nur 1/7–1/8 des Carbonatgehaltes der Fischknochen auf. Diese Ergebnisse deuten zweifellos darauf hin, daß zwischen der Zusammensetzung der Gewebeflüssigkeit der Knochen und des Serums kein einfacher Zusammenhang besteht.
    Notes: Abstract It has been reported in the literature that fish, to get sufficient oxygen, must overventilate with respect to CO2 and therefore exhibit a low circulating level of bicarbonate. Accordingly, the bones of trout and carp were analyzed to learn if the composition of their bone mineral reflects the low serum level of bicarbonate. It was found that the CO2 content of fish bone is not significantly different from that of normal mammalian bone. Synthetic apatite crystals, made under comparable conditions of T, μ, and (HCO 3 − ) were found to contain only 1/7th to 1/8th the CO2 of fish bone. These data strongly suggest that the composition of the fluids in bone does not reflect, in a simple way, the composition of the circulating serum as is generally assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 262-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Exchange ; Radioisotopes ; Ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une hypothèse, destinée à rendre compte de façon semi-quantitative, des grandes variations de temps nécessaire à équilibrer, au niveau du squelette, divers produits radioactifs, introduits dans le torrent circulatoire, est mise au point. Cette hypothèse est basée sur le fait que 3 facteurs interviennent dans les échanges osseux: a) la vitesse de perfusion de l'os, b) la concentration ionique du plasma, et c) la concentration ionique de l'os. Partant de cette hypothèse et de résultats publiés dans la littérature, “des temps de cyclage” sont calculés par Cl−, Na+, K+ et Ca++. Ils varient selon quatre ordres de grandeur (de 10 min pour Cl− à 64 jours Ca++, chez le rat). Ces résultats ont été vérifiés pour des échanges de22Na et de45Ca dans une colonne d'apatite minéralin vitro. Des échanges de36Cl et de42K ont été étudiésin vivo au niveau du fémur de rat. La disparition sanguine du22Na a été suivie chez l'Homme. Enfin des résultats d'échanges de45Ca, au niveau de molaires de rat, publiés dans la littérature, ont été recalculés. Dans chaque cas, les résultats expérimentaux ont confirmé les prédictions de l'hypothèse du cyclage.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Hypothese aufgestellt, um auf semi-quantitative Weise die breite Variabilität der Zeit zu erklären, die benötigt wird, um im Skelett ein Gleichgewicht von verschiedenen radioaktiven in den Kreislauf eingeführten Substanzen herzustellen. Diese Hypothese beruht auf der Annahme, daß der geschwindigkeitsbeschränkende Faktor beim Knochenaustausch durch 3 Variablen definiert ist: a) das Maß der Knochenperfusion, b) die Konzentration der Ionen im Plasma und c) die Konzentration der Ionen im Knochen. Auf Grund dieser Annahme und gestützt auf Angaben aus der Literatur wurden die “cycling times” für Cl−, Na+, K+ und Ca++ berechnet. Diese variieren in 4 Größenordnungen, beispielsweise von 10 min für Cl− bis zu 64 Tagen für Ca++ bei der Ratte. Diese Annahmen wurden für den Austauschin vitro von22Na und45Ca in Apatitmineral in einer Säule geprüft. Der Austausch von36Cl und von42K wurdein vivo am Rattenfemur studiert. Die Abnahme von22Na im menschlichen Blut wurde ebenfalls verfolgt. Schließlich wurden Literaturangaben über den Austausch von45Ca in Rattenbackenzähnen überprüft. Die Versuchsresultate kamen dabei sehr nahe an die auf Grund des “cycling concept” erwarteten. Einige der Zusammenhänge dieser Befunde werden kurz besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract An hypothesis has been developed to explain in a semi-quantitative fashion the wide variations in time required for the equilibration in the skeleton of various radioactive substances when they are introduced into the circulation. The basis for the hypothesis rests on the assumption that three variables define the rate-limiting step in bone exchange: a) the rate of perfusion of bone, b) the concentration of the ion plasma, and c) the concentration of the ion in bone. Using this idea and data from the literature, “cycling times” were calculated for Cl−, Na+, K+, and Ca++. They were found to vary by four orders of magnitude (from 10 min for Cl− to 64 days for Ca++ in the rat). These predictions were tested for22Na- and45Ca-exchange in a column of apatite mineralin vitro. In vivo 36Cl- and42K-exchange in rat femur was studied. The blood disappearance of22Na in man was also examined. Finally, data in the literture of45Ca-exchange in the rat molar was redrawn. In every case, experimental results closely approximated the predictions of the cycling concept. Some of the implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Glycosaminogloycans ; Hyperparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les glycosaminoglycanes de l'os compact ont été identifiés, par la méthode de précipitation au chlorure de cetylpyridinium, chez le chien normal et des chiens soumis à 20 ou 30 U.S.P. d'extrait parathyroïdien pendant 5 et 3–4 jours. Les concentrations d'héxosamines totales ainsi que les héxosamines, en rapport avec les glycoaminoglycanes acides, précipités par chlorure de cetylpyridinium, sont déterminées. En outre, la répartition du glycosaminoglycane de la zone d'ossification épiphysaire ainsi que l'incorporation du35S-sulfate dans les glycosaminoglycanes du tissu osseux et du cartilage épiphysaire, après administration de35S-sulfatein vivo, ont été étudiées. Dans l'os compact, les héxosamines, en rapport avec les glycosaminoglycances acides, constitutent environ un tiers de la concentration totale en héxosamine et environ 0,05–0,06% du poids sec total. Le constituant principal des glycosaminoglycances acides osseux est formé par le chondroitine-4-sulfate. Ce dernier est plus riche en sulfate et présente un poids moléculaire plus élevé que le chondroitine sulfate du cartilage épiphysaire, qui, selon des travaux antérieurs, présente des caractéristiques infra-rouges du chondroitine-4-sulfate et du chondroitine-6-sulfate, avec prédominance du premier. Les poids moléculaires du chondroitine sulfate osseux varient surtout d'environ 45000 et 56000. L'acide hyaluronique constitute une faible fraction des glycosaminoglycanes osseux. Des différences marquées de l'activité spécifique des fractions de cohondroitine sulfate de l'os et du cartilage épiphysaire, à poids moléculaires variables, on tété notées de façon répétée. L'administration d'extrait parathyroïdien à des chiens n'a pas d'effet sur les poids moléculaires en chondroitine sulfate de l'os ou du cartilage épiphysaire. Elle n'influence pas non plus les concentrations en héxosamines totales ou en glycosaminoglycances acides. Dans ces tissus, il ne se produit pas d'effect de stimulation ou de dépression concernant l'incorporation de35S-sulfate dans le chondroitine sulfate our sur la séparation moléculaire de molécules transformées en sulfates et/ou de molécules synthétiques de sulfate chondroitine.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An normale Hunden und an Hunden die unter 5 respektive 3–4 Tagen 20 oder 30 U.S.P./kg Parathyreoidea-Extract erhalten hatten, wurden im kompakten Knochen die Glykosaminoglykane unter Anwendung der Cetylpyridiniumchlorid-Fällungsmethode identifiziert und die Konzentration des Total-Hexosamins und des Hexosamins, entsprechend den Cetylpyridiniumchlorid fällbaren sauren Glykosaminoglykanen, wurde bestimmt. Außerdem wurden das Glykosaminoglykanmuster der Epiphysenplatte und der Einbau von35S-Sulfat in die Glykosaminoglykane des Knochengewebes und des Epiphysenknorpels nach Zufuhr von35S-Sulfatin vivo studiert. Im kompakten Knochengewebe macht des Hexosamin, entsprechend den sauren Glykosaminoglykanen, ungefähr ein Drittel der totalen Hexosaminkonzentration und ungefähr 0,05–0,06% des totalen Trockengewichtes aus. Der Hauptanteil der sauren Glykosaminoglykane im Knochen war Chondroitin-4-Sulfat. Dieses war in höherem Grad sulfatiert und hatte ein höheres Molekülgewicht als das Chondroitinsulfat der Epiphysenplatte, welches, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen, Infrarot spektra kennzeichnend für sowohl Chondroitin-4-sulfat als auch für Chondroitin-6-sulfat, das Erstere überwiegend, hatte. Das Molekülgewicht des Hauptanteiles des Knochen-Chondroitinsulfates lag zwischen ungefähr 45000–56000. Ein kleiner Teil der Knochen-Glykosaminoglykane war Hyaluronsäure. Sowohl im Knochengewebe als auch im Epiphysenknorpel wurde in verschiedenen Fraktionen des Chondroitinsulfates, mit unterschiedlichem Molekülgewicht, grße und regelmäßig reproduzierbare Unterschiede in der spezifischen Aktivität gefunden. Behandlung der Hunde mit Parathyreoideaextrakt gab keinen Ausschlag in den Molekülgewichten des Chondroitinsulfates, weder des Knochens noch des Epiphysenknorpels. Ebenso wurde kein eindeutiger Effekt auf die Konzentration des totalen Hexosamins oder der sauren Glykosaminoglykane gefunden. Kein offenbarer, weder anregender noch senkender, Effekt auf den Einbau von35S-Sulfat in das Chondroitinsulfat oder in der molekularen Verteilung der neulich sulfatierten und/oder synthetisierten Moleküle des Chondroitinsulfates dieser Gewebe wurde gefunden.
    Notes: Abstract In normal dogs and in dogs treated with 20 or 30 U.S.P. parathyroid extract for 5 and 3–4 days, respectively, the glycosaminoglycans of compact bone tissue were identified using the cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation method, and the concentrations of total hexosamines and the hexosamines corresponding to cetylpyridinium chloride precipitable acid glycosaminoglycans were determined. Further, the glycosaminoglycan pattern of the epiphyseal plate and the incorporation of35S-sulphate into the glycosaminoglycans of bone tissue and epiphyseal cartilage after administration of35S-sulphatein vivo was studied. In compact bone tissue, the hexosamines corresponding to acid glycosaminoglycans constuted approximately one third of the total hexosamine concentration and approximately 0.05–0.06% of the total dry weight. The main component of the acid glycosaminoglycans in bone was chondroitin-4-sulphate. This was sulphated to a higher degree and also of a higher molecular weight than thechondroitin sulphate of the epiphyseal cartilage, which in accordance with earlier investigations was found to have infrared characteristics of both chondroitin-4-sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate, with the former dominating. The molecular weights of the main part of bone chondroitin sulphate ranged from approximately 45,000 to 56,000. A small component of the bone glycosaminoglycans was hyaluronic acid. Large regularly recurring differences in the specific activity of fractions with differences in molecular weight in the condroitin sulphate of bone tissue and epiphyseal cartilage were noted. Treatment of the dogs with parathyroid extract gave no effect on the molecular weights of the chondroitin sulphate of the bone matrix or of the epiphyseal cartilage. Nor was there any unequivocal effect on the concentrations of total hexosamines or on the acid glycosaminoglycans. No evident stimulatory or depressant effect on the incorporation of35S-sulphate into the chondroitin sulphate or in the molecular distribution of newly sulphated and/or synthesized molecules of the condroitin sulphate within these tissues occurd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 127 (1968), S. 66-71 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone ; Intervertebral disc ; Epiphyses ; Photography/Instrumentation ; Infrared rays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Photographing with the aid of short-wave infra-red light has been used for improved photographic demarcation of hyaline cartilage from connective tissue and fibrous cartilage in specimens from children. This improved effect seems to be the result of a particularly high permeability to infra-red light rays in the hyaline cartilage of children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Photographieren mit kurzwelligem infrarotem Licht wurde zur verbesserten photographischen Begrenzung des hyalinen Knorpels gegenüber dem Bindegewebe und dem fibrösen Knorpel bei Präparaten von Kindern benutzt. Der Effekt scheint auf eine speziell hohe Durchlässigkeit beim hyalinen Knorpel des Kindes für die infrarote Strahlung zurückzuführen zu sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Density ; Strength ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Corticalisdichte des Femurschaftes nimmt bei den untersuchungten Männern (398 Probekörper) und Frauen (337 Probekörper) mit zunehmendem Alter ab. Die Beziehung zwischen dem Quadrat der aus Röntgenbildern densitometrisch ermittelten Dichte und dem Alter in Jahren ist nicht linear. Die mittlere Dichte des Femurschaftes und die Dichtespektren in den Schaftquerschnitten sind sowohl bei verschiedenen Individuen als auch auf der rechten und linken Körperseite der gleichen Person different. Die Dichtespektren der drei proximalen Schaftquerschnitte sind im Mittel gleich aber von den zwei distalen verschieden. Die mittlere Materialverteilung in der Corticalis von 8 Femora wird dargestellt (Abb. 4). Zwei Dichte-Festigkeitsfunktionen werden für Personen unter bzw. über 67,8 Jahren berechnet und die Linearität der Regressionen der Festigkeitsquadrate auf die Dichtequadrate nachgewiesen. Die Beziehung zwischen Dichte und Bruchfestigkeit ist in beiden Altersgruppen gleich, aber bei gleicher Knochendichte ist die Bruchfestigkeit der Probekörper in der zweiten Altersgruppe geringer als in der ersten. Unterschiede in der Bruchfestigkeit können nur zu 40 bzw. 42% auf Unterschiede in der Knochendichte zurückgeführt werden, d. h. die Festigkeit des Knochens ist zwar dem Kalksalzgehalt proportional, aber darüber hinaus verbleibt ein bedeutender, aus Röntgenbildern nicht zu ermittelnder Rest an Bruchfestigkeitsunterschieden.
    Notes: Summary The x-ray determined density of the compact femoral shaft bone is negatively correlated with age (r=−0.2829) in 398 male and 337 female specimens of cortical bone. The regression of density on age is non-linear. The differences in mean density of the femoral shaft and the density spectra of the shaft cross sections are significant between individuals and between left and right femora in individuals. the density spectra of the 4 proximal cross sections of the shaft are equal, but different from the 2 distal ones. the mean distribution of bone material in the corticalis of 8 femora is presented diagrammatically in Fig. 4. Two density strength functions were calculated by the method of least squares for individuals younger and older than 67.8 years respectively and the linearity of the 2 regression lines are shown in an analysis of variance. An analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences between the slopes of the 2 regressions but a significant difference in elevation; that is, the breaking strength of specimens of equal density is different in the two age groups (lower in the older one), but this difference is equal in all density intervals. Only 40 or 42% of strength variation is due to density variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 127 (1968), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Density ; Strength ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden 40 Femora (meist Paare vom selben Individuum) von 12 Frauen und 12 Männern. Aus jedem Knochen wurden in 5 gleichmäßig über die Schaftlänge verteilten Höhen Querschnittsscheiben entnommen, und von diese Röntgenaufnahmen angefertigt. In jeder Aufnahme wurde die Strahlenabsorption in der Corticalis an der Vorderseite, Hinterseite, medial und lateral gemessen. Daraus wurde die Dichte, bezogen auf einen Vergleichskörper aus Aluminium, in g/cm3 Aluminium berechnet. An denselben Stellen, deren Dichte bekannt war, wurden Probekörper gewonnen und deren Druckfestigkeit gemessen. Ergebnisse. 1. Materialdichte (Röntgenstrahlenabsorption) und Festigkeit der Femurschaftcorticalis stehen in Zusammenhang. 2. Beide nehmen von der Schaftmitte gegen die Gelenkenden hin ab. 3. Strahlenabsorption (Dichte) und Festigkeit sind über den Knochenquerschnitt ungleichmäßig verteilt, sie sind medial und lateral relativ größer als vorn und hinten. 4. In der Crista femoris nimmt die Dichte von innen nach außen zu. 5. Aus diesen Befunden wird abgeleitet, daß die funktionelle Anpassung des Knochens an seine mechanische Beanspruchung nicht nur in einer Änderung der Querschnittsfläche, sondern auch in einer lokalen Änderung seiner Materialdichte besteht.
    Notes: Summary 200 cross sections of 40 femora (mostly pairs of the same individual) of 12 women and 12 men were examinated. On x-ray photographs of each specimen, density measurements were made in 4 sites: posterior, anterior, medial, and lateral. after densitometry, the compressive strength was determined on samples from the same sites. Conclusions: 1. Bone density (x-ray absorption) and strength are correlated. 2. They decrease from the middle of the shaft to both ends. 3. Density and strength are distributed inhomogeneously over the cross section, being relatively higher in the medial and lateral regions. 4. In the crista femoris, density increases from the centre to the outer surface. 5. From these facts is derived, that functional adaptation of the bone on its mechanical stresses is reached not only by adaptation of the cross section area, but also by local change of density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mineral ; Exchange ; Bone ; Isotope ; Radioactive-Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des produits marqués variés (urée, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO 3 − , PO 1 3− , Ca++) sont administrés à des groupes de rats jeunes et âgés. Les résultats pour Mg++ sont empruntés à ceux trouvés dans la littérature. Une heure et demic plus tard, des fragments d' os longs sont prélevés et nettoyés minutieusement. La concentration de ces substances marquées et non marquées est déterminée. L'intervalle de temps choisi est utilisé afin de permettre l'équilibre de la phase aqueuse de l'os, tout en réduisant les échanges de surface, la recristallisation, la diffusion solide et la croissance ou la résorption. Avec des intervalles de temps fixes, avec les mêmes espèces ainsi que des specimens osseux et des techniques identiques, une comparaison des échanges entre les divers es substances dans l'os a pu être effectuée. Les résultats ont pu être répartis en trois groupes: a) échange total (urée, Cl− et K+); b) échange partiel, diminuant de façon variable avec l'âge (Na+, CO2 et Mg++); et c) échange faible (Ca++ et PO 4 3− ). La classification classique de sequelette «accessible» et «non accessible» parait peu conforme et dépend des conditions et de la nature de la substance étudiée. Un concept général des échanges osseuxin vivo devrait être élaboré. Des calculs concernant la concentration apparente des divers electrolytes au niveau de la phase aqueuse de l'os montrent qu'elle a une concentration nettement différente de celle du plasma. La concentration du potassium y est, en particulier, remarquablement élevée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Gruppen von jungen und alten Ratten erhielten Injektionen von verschiedenen markierten Substanzen (Harnstoff, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO 3 − , PO 4 3− , Ca++). Die Angaben für Mg++ wurden der Literatur entnommen. 11/2 Std später wurden die Diaphysen der behandelten Tiere gewonnen, sorgfältig gereinigt und deren Gehalt an kalten und radioaktiven Substanzen bestimmt. Dieser Zeitpunkt wurde gewählt, um ein Gleichgewicht innerhalb der wäßrigen Phase des Knochens sicherzustellen und ein gleichzeitiges Mitwirken des Oberflächenaustausches, der Rekristallisation, der festen Diffusion, des Wachstums oder der Resorption möglichst einzuschränken. Wurden Variablen wie Zeit, Rattenart, Knochenproben und Methodik festgelegt, so konnten eindeutige Vergleiche hinsichtlich des Austausches dieser verschiedenen Substanzen im Knochen gezogen werden. Die erhaltenen Resultate konnten in drei Kategorien eingeteilt werden: a) vollständiger Austausch (Harnstoff, Cl−, K+); b) teilweiser Austausch, je nach Alter unterschiedlich abnehmend (Na+, CO2 und Mg++); c) minimaler Austausch (Ca++ und PO 4 3− ). Offenbar ist die klassische Einteilung in “verfügbares” und “nichtverfügbares” Skelet zweideutig und abhängig von den Bedingungen sowie von den Ionen oder Substanzen, die für den Versuch gewählt wurden. Es liegt auf der Hand, daß ein neues, allgemeingültiges Konzept für den Knochenaustauschin vivo dringend benötigt wird. Berechnungen der scheinbaren Konzentration der verschiedenen Elektrolyte in der Knochenflüssigkeit ergaben, daß die wäßrige Phase des Knochens eine deutlich andere Zusammensetzung als die Plasmaflüssigkeit hat. Insbesondere konnte in der Knochenflüssigkeit eine bemerkenswert hohe Kaliumkonzentration festgestellt werden.
    Notes: Abstract Groups of young and old rats were injected with a variety of labelled substanzes (urea, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO 3 − , PO 4 3− , Ca++). Data for Mg++ were taken from the literature. One and a half hours later, compact shafts of long bones were removed and cleaned scrupulously, and analyses were performed for both “cold” and isotopic concentrations of substances. This time point was chosen to insure equilibration of the aqueous phase of bone while minimizing contributions from surface exchange, recrystallization, solid diffusion, growth or resorption. With fixed variables of time, species, bone specimen, and methodology, uambiguous comparisons of the exchange in bone could be made between the many substances studied. The exchange data could be divided into three categories: a) complete exchange (urea Cl−, and K+); b) partial exchange, decreasing variably with age (Na+, CO2, and Mg++); and c) minimal exchange (Ca++ and PO 4 3− ). Clearly the traditional classification of “available” and “unavailable” skeleton is ambiguous and determined by the conditions and the ion or substance chosen for study. Clearly also, a new overall concept of bone exchangein vivo is badly needed. Calculations of the apparent concentration of the various electrolytes in bone water reveal that the aqueous phase of bone has a composition markedly different from plasma water. In particular, the concentration of potassium in bone water was found to be remarkably high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Nucleation ; Mineralization ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons utilisé de la collagène d'os de mounton et de tendons de queues de rats et des cristaux d'apatite pour étudier dans un système modèle la catalysation de la nucléation et la déposition de minéral dans un tampon métastabile. La collagène d'os de mouton se trouvait être un bon catalysateur, tandis que des expériences antérieures ont démontré que la collagène de tendons de queues de rats était un catalysateur très faible. Le phase rapide de la déposition de l'apatite dans la collagène se termine aussitôt que le contenu du minéral a attaint au plus 50 à 60 pour cent, bien que la supersaturation du tampon est encore bien èlevée. Les résultats montrent que dans un tel système modèle la quantité du depôt minéral est réglée par des facteurs semblables à ceux qui opèrent pendant la calcification biologique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Kollagen aus Schafsknochen und Rattenschwanzsehnen und Apatitkeime wurden verwendet in einem Modell-System zur Untersuchung der katalytischen Nukleation und der Fällung von Mineral in einem metastabilen Calciumphosphatpuffer. Kollagen aus Schafsknochen war ein guter Katalysator für die Nukleation, während in früheren Versuchen sich herausstellte, daß Rattenschwanzkollagen ein ganz schlechter Katalysator ist. Die schnelle Phase der Apatitfällung im Kollagen war beendet, wenn der Mineralgehalt bis zu 50–60% angestiegen war, obwohl der Puffer noch stark übersättigt war. Die Resultate weisen daraufhin, daß die Menge des gefällten Minerals in einem solchen Modell-System von ähnlichen Faktoren reguliert wird wie die biologische Verkalkung.
    Notes: Abstract Sheep bone collagen, rat tail tendon collagen and apatite seeds were used in a model system to study nucleation catalysis and mineral deposition in a metastable calcification buffer. Sheep bone collagen was shown to be a good nucleation catalyst, while earlier experiments have shown that rat tail tendon collagen was a very poor catalyst. The rapid phase of apatite deposition in the collagen was terminated as soon as a mineral content of not more than 50–60 per cent was reached, although the buffer was still highly supersaturated. The results suggest that the amount of mineral deposited in such a model system is regulated by factors similar to those operating in biological calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Metabolism ; Ascorbic Acid ; Tissue Culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Du tissu osseux, cultivé pendant 5 jours dans un milieu chimiquement défini, présente une augmentation de la consommation en O2 et une diminution de la production d'acide lactique lorsqué de l'acide lactique (50 μg/mI) est présent dans le milieu de culture. Ces paramètres ont été mesurés pendant des incubations de courte durée, en cultures de tissus. En n'ajoutant de l'acide lactique qu'au dernier jour de culture ou pendant les 4 premiers jours, et non le dernier jour, les valeurs en O2 et en acide lactique sont identiques à celles observées lorsque la vitamine est présente pendant 5 jours. Des produits similaires à l'acide ascorbique (50 μg/ml), administrés pendant 5 jours donnent des résultats identiques à ceux de la vitamine C. Une expérience préliminaire pour évaleur la vitesse d'oxydation de l'acide ascorbique dans le milieu de culture a permis de montrer que la vitamine doit être remplacée quotidiennement lorsque les cultures sont traitées avec 20% d'O2 et plus fréquemment avec des concentrations d'O2 plus élevées. Les changements dans le métabolisme énergétique, liés à l'acide ascorbique et observés dans cette étude, indiquent que la vitamine pourraît être un facteur important de stimulation du métabolisme squelettique aérobique.
    Notes: Abstract Bones cultured for 5 days in a chemically defined medium showed an increased O2 consumption and decreased lactic acid production when ascorbic acid (50 μg/ml) was present in the culture medium. In this and the following experiments these parameters were measured in short-term incubations following tissue culture. Adding ascorbic acid for only the final day of culture or for the first 4 days and not the final day gave O2 and lactic acid results similar to those obtained when the vitamin was present for all 5 days. Ascorbic acid analogs (50 μg/ml) added for 5 days also exhibited results similar to those for vitamin C. A preliminary experiment to evaluate the oxidation rate of ascorbic acid in the culture medium established that the vitamin must be replenished daily when cultures are gassed with 20% O2 and more frequently with higher O2 concentrations. The ascorbic acid-dependent changes in energy metabolism seen in this study suggest that the vitamin may be an important factor in stimulating skeletal aerobic metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Collagen ; 14C-Proline ; Growth ; Bone ; Teeth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von85Sr und von14C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen. Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von14C-Prolin zu14C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt. Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.
    Notes: Abstract The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on14C-proline conversion to14C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Microradiography ; Bone ; Dentin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les couches de matrice osseuse entourant les lacunes des osteocytes qui sont apparemment hypermineralisees (radioopaques), peuvent etre eliminees des microradiographies au moyen d'une agitation continue au cours de developpement. Il en va de meme des bordures radioopaques situees le long des felures artificielles dans les coupes. Les structures reellement hypermineralisees, telles que la dentine peritubulaire, les lignes cementantes es les bords internes des osteones ne sont pas modifiees par le traitement.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Auftreten einer hypermineralisiert erscheinenden Schicht von Knochengewebe um die Knochenhoehlchen, aber auch dasjenige von dichter erscheinenden Rändern an künstlich erzeugten Spalten in den Gewebsschnitten, konnte verhindert werden durch stetiges Agitieren während der Entwicklung der Historadiogramme. Dagegen hatte die gleiche Behandlung keinen Einfluß auf das Sichtbarbleiben anderer, wirklich hypermineralisierter Gebilde, z. B. der Ränder der Zahnbeinkanälchen, Knochenkittlinien, und Binnensäume von Osteonen.
    Notes: Abstract Apparently hypermineralized (radiopaque) layers of bone matrix surrounding osteocyte lacunae, as well as radiopaque edges along artificial cracks in the sections, could be eliminated from microradiographs by continuous agitation during development. Other hypermineralized structures, such as peritubular dentin, cementing lines and the inner edges of osteons, persisted and were not artefacts of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 23 (1968), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bone ; Strontium poisoning ; Parathormone ; Kidney ; Knochen ; Strontiumvergiftung ; Parathormon ; Niere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Restitution des strontiumgeschädigten Skelets wachsender Sprague Dawley Ratten ist von einem Anstieg der dialysablen Strontium- und Calciumfraktion des Serums begleitet. Die Ergebnisse legen eine Beeinflussung der renalen Manipulation von Kationen bei Knochenschädigungen durch Fremdmetalle nahe.
    Notes: Summary Restitution of skeletal damage caused by strontium in growing Sprague Dawley rats is accompanied by an increase in the dialysable serum fractions of strontium and calcium. The results suggest that the renal manipulation of cations is influenced in bone lesions caused by foreign metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...