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  • Electronic Resource  (126)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (126)
  • 1981  (126)
  • Ultrastructure  (126)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and function of interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of dexamethasone-treated trout (Salmo fario L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenocortical cells ; Trout ; Ultrastructure ; Dexamethasone ; Cortisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of trout (Salmo fario L.) was studied after dexamethasone treatment. A procedure for identifying and isolating interrenal tissue fragments from the surrounding head kidney tissue prior to their preparation for electron microscopy is described. The peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in order to evaluate the steroidogenic activity of this tissue. The interrenal cells of control animals contain numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae, and a well developed and highly organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The scarcity, or absence, of lipid droplets contrasts markedly with the abundance of SER. Treatment with dexamethasone results in a decrease steroidogenic activity of the interrenal cells, as indicated by the fall in plasma cortisol concentrations. The interrenal cells are small, but still contain numerous mitochondria. The SER is poorly developed, but masses of densely intermeshed smooth cisternae subsist. Lipid droplets do not accumulate in these cells; this peculiarity is discussed in connection with the virtual absence of liposomes in teleost interrenal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233503
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural indications of an osmoregulatory function of the “gills” in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscoidea) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Terrestrial isopods ; Gills ; Ultrastructure ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Osmoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In all species of Oniscoidea investigated the epithelial cells of the “gills” (=endopodites of pleopods) show the ultrastructural organization of transporting epithelia. Therefore it is assumed that also in the terrestrial isopods the pleopods are involved in respiration as well as osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233506
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the integrity of the brachial motor unit in the dystrophic chick embryo (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 537-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Muscular dystrophy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In New Hampshire chickens, the primary clinical symptom of dystrophy is limitation of wing motility. Examination of the brachial-level motor unit in chick embryos homozygous for dystrophy reveals abnormalities in both muscular and neural components. Wing motility in these embryos is abnormal as early as six days, and there is a corresponding lack of differentiation of the pectoralis major muscle. The findings suggest that delayed development of brachial-level neuronal pathways is responsible for the decreased wing motility and early degeneration of the pectoral muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233530
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rat pituitary cleft: A correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Rathke's cleft ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary SEM reveals that the inner surface of the pituitary cleft is lined by a continuous layer of marginal cells possessing microvillous and ciliated apical surfaces. The ciliated cells are more numerous on the posterior side (toward the pars intermedia) than on the anterior side of the cleft (toward the pars distalis). In contrast small infoldings (crypts) were occasionally noted only on the marginal layer covering the distal part of the hypophysis. In some areas of the cleft the surface features of the marginal cells are rather similar to the epithelial cells populating the upper parts of the respiratory tract in their topography and distribution. In other regions they also show striking similarities with the ependymal cells (tanycytes) lining the lateral recesses of the 3rd ventricle and the infundibular process with which the pituitary cleft has a very close topographical relationship. The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis are closely related to the flattened marginal cells of the cleft. The intercellular spaces of the pars distalis form a three-dimensional labyrinthic series of cavities continuous with the submarginal spaces of the cleft. Further SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the majority of the microvillous marginal cells lining both sides of the cleft possess surface features such as bulbous protrusions, laminar evaginations and large cytoplasmatic vacuoles, which are very likely the expression of an active transport of fluids. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the fluid-like material (colloid) present in the pituitary cleft is mainly derived from the fluids contained in the lacunar spaces of the pars distalis. Thus, marginal cells by absorbing fluids from the cleft by active endocytosis, may transport to the pars intermedia material (or hormones) produced in the distal part of the gland and vice versa. The cilia present on many marginal cells, based on their 9+2 tubular pattern, possess a kynetic role. This is very similar to that shown by the ciliated cells of the ependyma lining the brain ventricles. The occurrence of ciliated cells within the pituitary parenchyma (mainly in the follicles) suggests that they probably arise from the ciliated cells populating the marginal layer of the cleft and with which the parenchyma cells are closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233528
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multinucleate Sertoli cells in aged human testis (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sertoli cells ; Multinucleate cells ; Testis ; Ultrastructure ; Old age ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation documents morphological characteristics of human Sertoli cells of aged males. Testicular material was obtained from 35 patients (age 62–84 years) with carcinoma of the prostate who had received no previous anticancer therapy. As revealed by light and electron microscopy the appearance of the germinal epithelium showed great individual variations. In all cases examined, however, the occurrence of multinucleate Sertoli cells was a common finding. In seminiferous tubules with intact spermatogenesis these cells closely resembled the normally occurring variants, whereas they displayed features reminiscent of immaturity in the absence of germ cells. It is hypothesized that the nuclei of Sertoli cells in the special situation of aging may resume the capacity to divide, an ability normally restricted to immature cells. Thus, mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis might be an explanation for the formation of multinucleate Sertoli cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233579
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus or the hypothalamus in ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen treatment (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 451-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventromedial nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Estrogen effects ; Secretory product ; Lordosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus was examined in ovariectomized/control and ovariectomized/estrogen-treated rats to compare neurons of these areas to other neurons (specifically the ventrolateral thalamus), and to determine the effects of estrogen on these cells. The neurons of the VMN contain a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), polysomes, a Golgi complex, coated, uncoated and dense-cored vesicles, lysosome-like bodies, inclusion bodies, multivesicular bodies, whorl bodies and myelin figures. Similar organelles were present in the neurons of the ventrolateral thalamus, although polysomes were more prominent, and the cells lacked dense-cored vesicles in the perikarya. Differences in the cells of the VMN between ovariectomized/control and ovariectomized/estrogen-treated rats included a more conspicuous stacking of the RER and greater number of dense-cored vesicles in the estrogen-treated group in both the ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions. In both areas the differences were statistically significant, although more marked in the ventrolateral subdivision. In both VMN subdivisions, the increased stacking of the RER could be correlated with the greater number of dense-cored vesicles and may reflect increased biosynthesis of a secretory product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219357
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and histochemical study of the endometrial effects of Ovral in the baboon (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 611-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Baboon ; Oral contraceptive ; Ultrastructure ; Autophagic vacuoles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an effort to better understand changes induced by hormonal contraceptives, a group of female baboons were administered Ovral for a period of 9 months. During this time the endometrium was sampled by transcervical uterine biopsy from both the treated animals and from a control group. The biopsies were all obtained between 10 and 14 days of the treatment cycle or the normal menstrual cycle. The endometrial glandular cells from the treated animals exhibited an accelerated maturation compared with the controls. Ultrastructurally this was reflected by increased cell size, numerous long, slender microvilli on the apical membranes, and increased development of the Golgi complex. Differences were also observed in the predominant type of granule seen in the apical cytoplasm. After 3 and 6 months of treatment with Ovral, no significant differences were noted between groups or between animals within a group. However, after 9 months of treatment, the endometrium displayed differences from the earlier experimental groups as well as individual variations. The functional correlates of these observations are discussed and compared to human endometrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219368
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reorganization of subcellular structure in muscle undergoing fast-to-slow type transformation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 449-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle ; Fiber type ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transformation of fast-twitch into slow-twitch skeletal muscle was induced in adult rabbits by chronic low-frequency stimulation and studied at the ultrastructural level. With the use of stereological techniques, a time course was established for changes in mitochondrial volume, sarcotubular system, and Z-band thickness for periods of stimulation ranging from 6 h to 24 weeks. T-tubules, terminal cisternae, and sarcoplasmic reticulum decreased at an early stage and reached levels typical of slow muscle after only 2 weeks of stimulation. Transformation of Z-band structure took place between 11/2 and 3 weeks after the onset of stimulation. Mitochondrial volume increased several fold over the first 3 weeks of stimulation, and fell rapidly after 7 weeks, although it still remained above the levels typical of slow muscle. Although there was no sign of degradation and regeneration of the muscle fibers themselves, considerable structural reorganization was evident at the subcellular level after 1 week of stimulation. The fibers passed through a less well organized transitional stage in which fibers could not be assigned to a normal ultrastructural category. After 3 weeks all of the stimulated fibers could be assigned to the normal slow-twitch category although some subcellular irregularities persisted even after 24 weeks. The ultrastructural alterations are discussed in relation to functional and biochemical changes in the whole muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216750
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in the pars intermedia of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus as a result of background adaptation and illumination (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 561-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; MSH ; Background adaptation ; Sarotherodon mossambicus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The MSH producing cells in the pars intermedia of Sarotherodon mossambicus have been shown to be involved in background adaptation processes. Reflected light received by the eyes affects the activity of these cells. In the present study the hypothesis has been tested that also the pineal organ, as a second photoreceptor, is involved in regulation of the metabolic activity of the MSH cells. The pineal organ appears to contain photoreceptor cells and is considered to be capable of transferring information about light conditions to the animal. Removal of the pineal organ of fish kept on a black background has no effect on activity of MSH cells, whereas the activity of these cells in fish kept in darkness is increased. Thus it seems that the pineal organ exercises its influence on MSH cells only in darkness and that this influence results in a reduced activity of these cells. It is therefore concluded that the metabolic activity of MSH cells is inhibited not only by reflected light received by the eyes, but also by the action of the pineal organ as a result of the absence of illumination. No structural signs of secretory activity can be observed in the pineal, which might indicate synthesis or release of substances like melatonin. However, administration of melatonin reduces the activity of MSH cells. Neither pinealectomy nor treatment with melatonin has any influence on the second cell type of the pars intermedia, the PAS positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216760
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and histochemical study of the axial musculature in the African lungfish (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axial musculature ; Lungfish ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Red, intermediate, and white axial muscle fibres of African lungfish were studied using histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. Gross dissection revealed the presence of a small wedge of red coloured muscle along the lateral line. This wedge was shown by histochemical demonstrations of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, of adenosine triphosphatases, and of lipid to be composed of a mosaic of red and intermediate fibres measuring 23.63 and 34.30 μm in average diameter, respectively. The bulk of the myotome was composed of white fibres having an average diameter of 67.35 μm. Mitochondrial density, capillarity and lipid content were very low for all fibres. These data suggest that the axial musculature is geared primarily for anaerobic function. The mosaic arrangement of fibres, and the lack of a subsarcolemmal band of mitochondria suggests that the lungfish have a muscle organisation that is transitional between lower vertebrates and amphibians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216763
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of splenic white pulp of the turtle, Mauremys caspica (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 845-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Lymphoid tissue ; Reptiles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of splenic tissue of non-immunized turtles, Mauremys caspica, shows two areas, namely, the white pulp which is lymphoid in nature, and the red pulp which is formed by cell cords and sinusoids. Between both areas there is always a marginal zone with gaps through which cells leak. In the white pulp, there are two blood vessel types; one with muscled walls, and the other showing thinner walls sheathed by reticular cells. Reticular cells constitute a network where there occur dendritic macrophages, lymphoblasts and small and medium lymphocytes. Mature plasma cells are scarce in the white pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210466
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the jugular body of Rana pipiens (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Jugular bodies ; Lymphoid organs ; Amphibians ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The jugular bodies in adult Rana pipiens, are surrounded by a capsule of mesothelium and connective tissue, and their parenchyma consists of cell cords arranged in a sinusoidal network. The cell cords are formed by irregular reticular cells, showing numerous filaments and joined together by zonulae adhaerents. The intercellular spaces are filled by reticular fibres and free cells. These latter are small and medium lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and developing and mature plasma cells. Additionally, free macrophages, neutrophils and acidophils also occur. Sinusoidal blood vessels show thin walls with numerous filaments and pinocytotic vesicles. They exhibit a discontinuous basement membrane, and tight junctions frequently occur between endothelial cells. Occasionally, lymphatic vessels are found and the innervation is principally vasomotor, although nerve endings appear remarkably near reticular cells and lymphocytes. The jugular bodies of adult R. pipiens are plasma cell and antibody-forming organs, whose functional significance is discussed in relation to their ultrastructural organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216581
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma cells in the ammocoete of Petromyzon marinus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Plasma cells ; Spleen ; Ammocoete ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail démontre pour la première fois l'existence de plasmocytes murs et en développement dans la rate d'ammocètes de Petromyzon marinus non-immunisés. Les plasmocytes se présentent comme des cellules électroniquement denses avec de la chromatine condensée et un grand développement du réticulum endoplasmique granulaire. L'importance de cette découverte apparaît accentuée en relation avec l'évolution du système immunitaire.
    Notes: Summary This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of mature and developing plasma cells in the spleen of non-immunized ammocoetes of Petromyzon marinus. Plasmocytes occur as electron-dense cells with much condensed chromatin and an extensively large developed and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The importance of this finding is emphasized in relation to the evolution of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216582
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of calcium differs in relaxed and contracted myocardial cells of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle cells ; Calcium ; Sarcomere ; Ultrastructure ; Contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myocardial cells from left ventricles of beating hearts of rats were fixed by immersion in an osmium tetroxide solution containing potassium pyroantimonate to study the electron-microscopic distribution of calcium, the cation being precipitated as an electron-opaque salt (calcium antimonate) by this cytochemical technique. The observed myocytes could be divided into two groups according to their contractile state, evaluated by sarcomere length measurements. In contracted cells (mean sarcomere length 1.43 μm) the intramyoflbrillar precipitate was confined to areas of I-bands bordering the A-bands, the intermyofibrillar space showing scarce content in reaction product. Relaxed cells (mean sarcomere length 1.69 μm) presented a heavy deposition of reaction product over the sarcomeres, the electron-opaque dots being absent on the H and Z bands. The sarcotubular system and mitochondria were also clearly marked by the reaction product. This second pattern of calcium distribution has not been previously described in heart muscle cells and is interpreted as corresponding to the phase of rise of intracellular calcium which is mediated by membrane depolarization. Our results suggest that different bands of heart sarcomeres show different abilities to bind calcium. The I bands retain the cation even in cells under sustained contraction, probably due to their content in calmodulin; Z and M bands are apparently not involved in calcium sequestration, whereas the content in calcium of the A bands seems to be dependent on the contraction-relaxation cycle of heart myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216733
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of fast and slow synaptic terminals in lobster muscle (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular terminal ; Fast synapse ; Slow synapse ; Lobster ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic terminals of fast (FCE) and slow (SCE) excitatory neurons were physiologically identified on separate fibres of one muscle, the closer muscle in lobster claws. The innervation by these identified fibers was demonstrated over long distances (7–21 μm) by examining serial thin sections at periodic intervals. The ultrastructure of each type of innervation was consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively in two separate samples. The FCE innervation is relatively simple in having consistently small-diameter terminals each forming a single long synapse, with few synaptic vesicles, and little if any postsynaptic apparatus. The SCE innervation is more complex in having larger-diameter but more variable terminals forming several short synapses, with many synaptic vesicles and an extensive postsynaptic apparatus. These differences in the size of the synapses and the number of synaptic vesicles parallel differences in transmitter release and fatigue sensitivity characteristic of the two types of innervation. The degree of elaboration of the postsynaptic apparatus may reflect differences in the amount of transmitter taken up after release. Our data reveal for the first time in a single muscle differences between FCE and SCE innervation previously reported in different muscles and in different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216734
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and function of the prosomal glands of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prosomal glands ; Spider mite ; Tetranychus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prosomal glands of Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) were examined light and electron microscopically. Five paired and one unpaired gland are found both in females and males. The silk spinning apparatus consists of paired silk glands which extend laterally on both sides of the esophagus into the pedipalps. There, they enter the terminal silk gland bag which opens into a silk bristle at the apex of the pedipalps. The salivary secretions are formed in three paired glands which have an interconnecting duct, the podocephalic canal. The dorsal podocephalic glands may produce a serous secretion, the anterior podocephalic glands a mucous secretion, and the coxal organ may add a liquid, ion-rich secretion. These secretions pass the podocephalic canal and reach the mouth at the apex of the gnathosome. The function of the paired tracheal organs and the unpaired tracheal gland is still unclear. The tracheal gland may produce a secretion which facilitates the movement of the fused chelicerae and the stylets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216738
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscope study of the dentine-enamel junction of kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) teeth using selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 405-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teeth (Marsupials) ; Enamel ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission electron microscopy of selected-area argon-ion-beam thinned kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) enamel revealed a complex ultrastructure in the region of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ). Characteristic features were multiple branching of dentinal tubules, rejoining of enamel tubules, elongated defects, extended protrusions of dentine into enamel, two types (A and B) of hypomineralized enamel and a continuity between dentinal and enamel tubules. In the intertubular regions of the DEJ a complex intermingling of finer enamel and dentine crystals, similar to that found in human enamel, was observed. The varicosities observed in the light microscope were a combined optical effect caused by the hypomineralized (type A) enamel and the branching and rejoining of the enamel tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216744
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of elastic cartilage in the rat external ear (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Elastic cartilage ; External ear ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of elastic cartilage in the external ear of the rat was investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The narrow subperichondrial, boundary zone contains predominantly ovoid cells rich in cell organelles: mitochondria, Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and small (40–100 nm) vesicles. Scarce glycogen granules and bundles of 6–7 nm cytoplasmic filaments are also present. Deeper in the boundary zone, one or more cytoplasmic lipid droplets appear and cytofilaments become more abundant. Fully differentiated chondrocytes in the central zone of the cartilage plate resemble white adipose cells. They are globular and contain a single, large cytoplasmic lipid droplet. The cytoplasm is reduced to a thin peripheral rim; it contains a flattened nucleus, few cytoplasmic organelles and abundant, densely packed, cytoplasmic filaments. The intercellular matrix is very sparse. The pericellular ring consists of collagen fibrils about 20 nm in diameter and a proteoglycan cartilage matrix in the form of a “stellate reticulum”. The complex of these two structures appears in the scanning electron micrographs as a network of randomly oriented, ca 100 nm thick fibrils. Spaces between pericellular rings of matrix also contain thick elastic fibers or plates, apparently devoid of microfibrils. In scanning electron micrographs elastic fibers could be detected only in a few areas, in which they were not obscured by other constituents of the matrix. Immature forms of elastic fibers, oxytalan (pre-elastic) and elaunin fibers, were found in the perichondrial and boundary zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210101
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specializations for excitation-contraction coupling in the podial retractor cells of the starfish Stylasterias forreri (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 475-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Excitation-contraction coupling ; Podium ; Retractor cells ; Starfish ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of the podium of the asteroid echinoderm Stylasterias forreri has revealed that cells of the coelomic epithelium and cells of the retractor muscle should be considered as components of a single epithelium. The podial retractor cells are, therefore, myoepithelial in nature. This report concentrates on those ultrastructural features of the retractor cells that are most likely involved with excitation-contraction coupling. The spatial arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the couplings between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, and an intramembranous specialization of the sarcolemma are documented and discussed. Current concepts regarding the innervation of the retractor cells of the podium and the protractor cells of the ampulla are reviewed, and specific proposals for further investigation of podial innervation are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210108
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  • 120
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the coelomic lining in the podium of the starfish Stylasterias forreri (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 449-473 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Coelomic lining ; Myoepithelium ; Podium ; Starfish ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of the podium of the asteroid echinoderm Stylasterias forreri reveals that cells of the coelomic epithelium and cells of the retractor muscle are, in fact, components of a single epithelium. The basal lamina of this unified epithelium adjoins the connective tissue layer of the podium. The principal epithelial cells in the coelomic lining are the flagellated adluminal cells and the myofilament-bearing retractor cells. Adluminal cells interdigitate extensively with each other and form zonular intermediate and septate junctions at their apicolateral surfaces. The adluminal cells emit processes which extend between the underlying retractor cells and terminate on the basal lamina of the epithelium. Retractor cells exhibit unregistered arrays of thick and thin myofilaments. The periphery of the retractor cell is characteristically thrown into keel-like folds which interdigitate with the processes of neighboring cells. Specialized intermediate junctions bind the retractor cells to each other and anchor the retractor cells to the basal lamina of the epithelium. The retractor cells are not surrounded by external laminae or connective tissue envelopes. It is concluded that the coelomic lining in the podium of S. forreri is a bipartite epithelium and that the retractor cells of the podium are myoepithelial in nature. There are no detectable communicating (gap) junctions between the epithelial cells of the coelomic lining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210107
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    Intranuclear inclusion bodies within neurons of spinal and cranial ganglia in three cyprinid species (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 529-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear inclusions ; Neurons ; Cyprinids ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological examination of 205 fish representing four cyprinid species from a site 2.5 miles north of Wheeling, West Virginia, on the Ohio River revealed large (2–4 μm) cuboidal intranuclear inclusion bodies (NIB's) within neurons in the cranial and spinal ganglia of three species. Because the minnows had been caught during a yearly sampling of fish, an additional 63 minnows were taken the following year. Inclusions were again observed. The NIB's stain strongly with phloxine as well as with Mallory and Giemsa stains, appearing bright red or pink. Various histochemical tests indicated that the inclusions contain protein and lipid but no carbohydrates or nucleic acids. No heavy metals were detected by electron probe analysis. At the ultrastructural level the inclusions exhibit subunits resembling hexagons measuring 326–350 nm. Previously suggested causes for such inclusions include effects of viruses, aging, drugs, cellular transformation, and an altered metabolic state of affected cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210112
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  • 122
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical effects of trypan blue on TSH stimulation of thyroid follicular cells (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 547-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid stimulating hormone ; Trimetaphosphatase ; Ultrastructure ; Lysosomes ; Trypan blue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques were used to study the effects of trypan blue on the response of mouse-thyroid cells to exogenous stimulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The dye delayed the response to TSH resulting in decreased colloid-droplet formation in the apical region of the cells. The dye did not stop the shift of trimetaphosphatase activity from lysosomes to phagolysosomes. The duration of the TSH-induced response was shorter in the dye treated thyroids. Small vesicles, with trimetaphosphatase reaction product, were found near Golgi elements, phagolysosomes, and the plasma membrane facing the intercellular space of adjacent follicle cells. Their enzyme activity was not affected by exposure to the dye. These data indicate that the primary effect of trypan blue on the response of thyroid follicle cells to TSH stimulation was reduced endocytosis in the apical region resulting in fewer colloid droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210114
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  • 123
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    Fine structure of the gastric mucous and endocrine cells of the toad, Bufo marinus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibia ; Ultrastructure ; Gastric mucosa ; Cytochemistry ; Secretory granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the mucous and endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) has been examined. Surface mucous cells line the entire gastric mucosa and pits. Many of their secretory granules contain an electron-dense core that remains unreactive after cytochemical testing for glycoproteins. A second spatially and structurally discrete population of mucous cells is present in the gastric glands. These glandular mucous cells are probably homologous with the antral gland and mucous neck cells of mammals; their secretory granules also contain non-glycoprotein cores. Three distinct populations of endocrine cells show structural homologies with gastric hormone-storing cells of higher vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210123
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    Subcellular distribution of ionic components in gastric mucosa of the guinea pig (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stomach ; Guinea pig ; Electrolyte distribution ; Acid secretion ; Ultrastructure ; Carbohydrate cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographical distribution of cations, anions and polyanions in the guinea-pig stomach has been studied by ultrastructural cytochemical methods. After fixation with the pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide solution, variable-sized precipitates were localized in the basolateral extracellular space bordering parietal cells or chief cells but not in that bordering mucus-secreting cells. The basal lamina of all gastric cells disclosed a continuous layer of heavy antimonate deposits. Parietal cells disclosed uniformly fine deposits also on the apical plasmalemma both at the main lumen and in the intracellular canaliculi, and revealed, as well, coarse precipitates in the mitochondria. Fixation with a silver acetate-osmium tetroxide solution yielded nitric acid-resistant, silver deposits confined to the luminal surface of the apical plasmalemma in the main lumen and intracellular canaliculi, the lateral intercellular space, the outer surface of the basal plasmalemma and the basal lamina of the parietal cell. Staining with dialyzed iron demonstrated a glycocalyx rich in acid mucosubstance on the basolateral plasmalemma but not on the apical plasmalemma of parietal cells. In contrast, acid glycoconjugate was visualized on the apical plasmalemma of isthmus cells, mucous neck cells and the transitional cell between isthmus and mucous neck cells but little or no acidic glycoconjugate was demonstrated on the basolateral plasmalemma of these cells. The entire plasmalemma of gastroendocrine cells, unlike other epithelial cells, stained uniformly for acidic glycoconjugate. The dialyzed iron and high iron diamine methods stained the outer compartment of mitochondria in parietal cells intensely and that in other gastric cells lightly. These reagents stained the basal lamina of all gastric cells as did ruthenium red. The several characteristic cytochemical properties of parietal cells presumably relate to the unique secretory activity of these cells and are consistent with the view of the intracellular canaliculi of the parietal cell as the main route for hydrogen and chloride ion secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210024
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    Ultrastructural study of the endothelial cells in teleost liver sinusoids under normal and experimental conditions (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelial cells ; Liver sinusoids ; Teleost ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of liver sinusoids was studied in the teleost, Pimelodus maculatus. These cells have the ability to form pinocytotic vacuoles, starting with the formation of marginal folds. The latter occur in many cells after stimulation by India ink injections and ink particles are ingested by pinocytosis and by micropinocytosis. Desmosomes, structures rarely described between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, are present in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210002
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    Full-term and prematurely ruptured fetal membranes (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 263-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Chorion ; Amnion ; Fetal membranes ; Prematurity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The layers of the human amnion and chorion were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons among different anatomical sites with respect to full-term and prematurely ruptured membranes indicate that (a) the thickness of the membranes is reduced near the rupture point; (b) intercellular canals near the implantation site become dilated and branched; (c) the trophoblast layer of full-term membranes is thinner and with more degenerating cells; and (d) the fibroblast and spongy layers have fewer collagenous fibers and less organization near the rupture site. These findings suggest that, although cellular activity is maintained in prematurely ruptured membranes, the mainly collagenous extracellular matrix undergoes marked disorientation. If this occurs too early in gestation, it may lead to premature rupture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210508
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