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  • Electronic Resource  (460)
  • 1980-1984  (460)
  • 1981  (460)
  • Chemical Engineering  (460)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the short-residence time hydropyrolysis of single coal particles: The effect of unequal diffusivities (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 859-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270527
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for computer simulation of time varying slag flow in a coal gasification reactor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 869-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270531
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologicol fluidid bed treatment of water and wostewofar, Edited by P. F. Cooper and B. Atkinson, Eltis Horwood Ltd., 411 pages; $99.95, John Wiley, New York (1981) (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1045-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270630
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of powdered activated carbon. Part II: Steam-carbon reaction kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between steam and spent activated carbon (from sucrose deposition) was studied at 1003 to 1123 K and 1 atm pressure. At these conditions some virgin carbon, upon which the sucrose was originally adsorbed, was also gasified. Rates of oxidation were essentially the same for spent and virgin activated carbon.The kinetics data fit a Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, originally proposed for gasification of other types of carbon, with an activation energy of 2.3 × 105 J/mol.Surface area and pore volume measurements indicated that the adsorption capacity of the original carbon could be completely restored by thermal regeneration followed by reaction with steam. However, some activated carbon is lost implying that there would be an optimum extent of steam gasification in a cyclical adsorption-regeneration process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270208
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A random pore model for fluid-solid reactions: II. Diffusion and transport effectsPart I of this paper appeared in AIChE J., 26, 379 (1980) (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The prior random pore model for kinetically controlled fluid-solid reaction (Bhatia and Perlmutter, 1980) is generalized to include transport effects arising from boundary layer, intraparticle, and product layer diffusion. Numerical solutions are presented for a variety of conditions. The results show that the rate and surface area maxima predicted in the kinetic regime are shifted to lower conversions as intraparticle or product layer diffusional resistances increase. In addition, with increasing temperature a decrease in the overall reaction surface is predicted, in agreement with experimental findings (Kawahata and Walker, 1962).For reactions accompanied by an increase in the volume of the solid phase, it is shown that incomplete conversion may be expected, the ultimate conversion decreasing with an increase in the intrapellet diffusional resistance. Optimal temperatures for such reactions are also identified.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270211
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of surface flow phenomenon of adsorbed gases by hopping model (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 262-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism of surface flow of adsorbing gas molecules through the porous adsorbent is interpreted, and a new hopping model is derived by separately taking into account the hopping behaviors of monolayer and multilayer molecules. The reported experimental results containing the data measured here are correlated well. Finally, some considerations are given to the two experimental constants appearing in the model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270213
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser doppler anemometry measurements in gas-solid flows (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) was used for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities in a gas-solid, two-phase flow. The flow configuration consists of an air jet at ambient temperature in which a spherical glass powder of a mean particle diameter of 97.0 or 13.7 μm was injected from one side using a secondary air jet. Both principal and secondary jets were also seeded with talcum powder with a mean particle diameter of about 1 μm which served as a tracer.The probability density distribution function (PDF) of the LDA output showed two distinct peaks corresponding to the particle and gas velocities. As the particles were accelerated by the flow, the slip velocity between the gas and the particles decreased causing the gap between these two peaks to narrow. The measured mean particle velocity profiles were in agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model.The objectives of the present investigation was to obtain experimental data on the dependence of the particle trajectories and their mean velocities on the injection conditions in a free jet stream. The principal question, however, was whether such data could be obtained using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). In other words, whether LDA could be effectively used in two-phase flow systems for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities? Obviously, the answer to this last question can affect far beyond this particular study and more than justified the effort for this detailed investigation. It should be pointed out that, while LDA has been known for sometime, and the necessary equipments for an LDA system are available on a commercial bases, relatively little attention has been given to its application to other than single-phase, fluid-flow measurements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270304
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 388-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An on-line statistical study of the pressure fluctuations in fluidized beds was conducted by using pressure transducers, a correlation and probability analyzer and a Fourier transform analyzer. The causes of the fluctuations were explored, and the effects of the gas velocity, bed height, particle size and distributor design on the major frequency and amplitude of the fluctuations were investigated. The results indicate that the motion of bubbles appears to be the major cause of the pressure fluctuations in the upper portion of a fluidized bed. In the lower portion, the combined effects of the formation of large bubbles in the middle portion of the bed, the formation of small bubbles near the distributor, and the jet flow immediately above the distributor appear to be the major causes of pressure fluctuations.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270308
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of flow direction on conversion in isothermal radial flow fixed-bed reactors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 442-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Singular perturbation solutions are used to derive criteria predicting the influence of change in flow direction on the conversion in an isothermal radial-flow, fixed-bed reactor. It is shown that when the reaction does not involve a change in the number of moles, the outward flow direction is the preferred one for any reaction with a convex rate expression. The inward flow direction is a better choice for any reaction with a concave rate expression. A more intricate behavior occurs for reactions involving a change in volume. Analytical approximations and numerical solutions indicate that the influence of flow direction on the conversion is rather small.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270313
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimum reflux conditions, part I: TheoryThis paper was presented in preliminary form by K. E. Bennett and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 82nd National Meeting; in its present form by K. Nandakumar and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 88th National Meeting. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 450-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new formulation of the infinite plate or minimum reflux limit of a multicomponent distillation column. Based on this model, two new calculation methods are developed. The first is a short-cut method which extends Underwood's classic minimum reflux treatment to variable molar overflow situations. The second is a rigorous method which is similar to a multicomponent flash calculation and represents a significant computational advance over other rigorous methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270314
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single, particle-size model for sulfur retention in fluidized bed coal combustors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 472-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reactor model is presented to calculate the sulfur retention and SO2 emission of a fluidized-bed coal combustor with absorption of SO2 by limestone or dolomite. It is based on the two-phase theory of fluidization and a two parameter simplified rate expression for the sulfation reaction. Both parameters can be determined by experimental reaction rate measurements. In the overall reactor model, an average size is assumed for all the stone particles in the bed. Sulfur retention is found to be dependent on only three dimensionless parameters. Comparisons with experimental measurements indicated that the model predicts satisfactorily the dependence of sulfur retention on the Ca/S ratio, sulfur content of the coal, excess air, gas residence time, and sorbent type.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270317
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-Liquid dispersion in turbulent couette flow (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dimensionless dispersion number was developed to characterize liquid-liquid dispersions created in turbulent Couette flow with respect to their subsequent coalescence in a settling zone. For a given solvent pair and continuous phase, the dispersion number is relatively constant over a wide range of operating and dimensional parameters. Because of this, the dispersion number can be used for the design and scale-up of liquid extraction equipment with discrete stages.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270320
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 317-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270225
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fluid drag on low reynolds number discharge of solids from a circular orifice (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dimensionless solids flowrate for discharge from an orifice in the bottom of a containing vessel is shown to be a function of a parameter that measures the importance of fluid drag to particle inertia. The analysis assumes a linear relation between presure gradient and slip velocity and compares favorably to experiment within its supposed region of applicability for three experimental situations: the self-induced, air-impeded discharge of fine particles from a conical hopper; the discharge of particles from a sealed egg-timer-like vessel; and the air-assisted discharge of particles through an orifice.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270409
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of activity coefficients in concentrated sulfite-sulfate solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 619-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrolyte theory of Pitzer and coworkers is used to estimate geometric mean-ion activity coefficients in strong electrolyte solutions at 25-55°C. By using Pitzer's equations with ion-pair parameters estimated in this paper, one can calculate activity coefficients to moderately high ionic strengths in aqueous mixtures containing the following ions: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, ClO3-, ClO4-, HCO3-, HSO3-, CO32-, SO42-, SO32-, and S2O52-. Mixtures containing these ions are present in CaO/CaSO4 flue gas desulfurization units and in laboratory experiments aimed at understanding the chemistry occurring in such units. The computed activity coefficients are relatively insensitive to the values of the estimated quantities. The basis of the estimates, as well as their effect on calculated activity coefficients, is discussed. It is concluded that activity coefficients are estimated with an accuracy of ±25% or better.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270413
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow migration of a gas bubble in a thermal gradient (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 646-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady migration velocity of a gas bubble placed in a liquid with a linear temperature field in the absence of gravity is obtained for small Marangoni Numbers using a matched asymptotic expansion procedure for solving the governing equations. A result good to 0(NMa2) is obtained, and in the limiting case of zero Marangoni Number, the results of Young, Goldstein and Block are recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270417
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nusselt numbers near entrance of heat-exchange section in flow systems (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 687-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270422
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat and mass transfer in turbulent flow under conditions of drag reduction (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270424
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of butanol in a two-phase liquid-liquid system. PART I: Quaternary phase equilibria studies (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 754-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phase equilibria of the systems are discussed: (i)n-butanol-acetic acid-water and n-heptane(ii)Water-acetic acid-benzene and carbon tetrachloride(iii)Water-methanol-p.cresol and methyl naphthalene have been studied and a correlating procedure has been developed that utilizes binary and ternary experimental data to predict the composition of the quaternary equilibrium mixtures. Allowance is made for the different salting effects and the agreement between the experimental and predicted quaternary data is in all cases very good.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270508
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in the synthesis of control structures for chemical processes. Part V: Design of steady-state optimizing control structures for integrated chemical plantsParts I, II, and III of this paper appeared in AIChE J., 26, 220-260 (1980), and Part IV was published in AIChE J., 26, 975 (1980). (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 779-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper addresses the question of how to design the steady-state optimizing control system for a large scale interconnected chemical plant. The integrated design approach is structured within the framework of the hierarchical control theory and is based on the concepts of constraint control, hierarchical decomposition and nonlinear mathematical programming. Theoretical developments lead to the generation of alternative operational policies of practical value. An imbedded branch and bound screening strategy is given to select the best policy, which will be implemented on-line by the optimizing plant controllers. The general design approach has the broad applicability to any interconnected large scale system, and its application is demonstrated on a gasoline polymerization plant.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270512
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tube walls on drag coefficients of coaxially placed objects (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 837-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270519
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption rates for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in beds of activated carbon (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 840-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270520
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of solvent effects on chemical reaction rates using UNIFAC group contribution (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 842-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270521
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility and rate of hydrolysis of chlorine in aqueous sodium hydroxide at 273 K (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 856-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270526
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deviations of actual minimum fluidization velocities from theoretical predictions at different temperatures (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 866-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270530
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar energy handbook, edited by Dr. Jan F. Kreider and Dr. Frank Kreith; Mcgraw-Hill Book Company; January 1981; 1,099 pages; $49.50 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 876-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270534
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the flow of viscoelastic fluids through porous media (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 912-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tube with sinusoidal axial variations in diameter has been used as a first step toward modeling the flow channels of a porous medium in such a way that appreciable Lagrangian unsteadiness is present. Experiments with dilute aqueous solutions of a polyacrylamide (Dow Separan AP-30) show that the Lagrangian unsteadiness gives rise to an increase in resistance to flow through the sinusoidal channel relative to that predicted for a purely viscous fluid. The increase in pressure drop can occur as a consequence of fluid elasticity, without any observable secondary flow. At sufficiently high flow rates, secondary flow appears.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270606
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of molecular size and configuration on diffusion in microporous membranes (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 952-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effects of molecular size and configuration on hindered diffusion were examined by measuring diffusion of two series of uncharged macromolecules through track-etch membranes with uniform and well-defined pore geometry. At any given Stokes-Einstein radius, diffusivities in small pores were lower for ficoll (crosslinked structure) than for dextran (more nearly linear structure).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270611
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  • 129
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    Electrokinetic phenomena in the filtration of colloidal particles suspended in nonaqueous media (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 975-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Filtration of carbon black particles from tetralin through a bed of sand with simultaneous measurement of bed streaming potential shows that the charge on the filter and its neutralization by depositing colloidal particles plays an important role in filter performance. Filter capacities up to the point of charge neutralization, calculated from knowledge of the colloid and filter zeta potentials using a semitheoretical model for variation of filter surface charge characteristics, are found to be in good agreement with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270614
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  • 130
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    Similarity of ideal adsorbed solution and potential theories for adsorption from a bulk phase onto a solid surface (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1021-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270620
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  • 131
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    Model-based analysis of data from countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction processes (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1008-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An efficient iterative method for solving the equations which describe the steady state of a staged countercurrent extraction process is described. The equations include the effects of backmixing, and apply to an arbitrary number of solutes, to nonlinear equilibrium relations, and to variable net phase flow rates (and thus to partially miscible solvents). The solution procedure, based on partial linearization of the equations, is related to and extends the method of Ricker et al. (1980).This solution procedure has been used, in conjunction with nonlinear regression methods, to investigate problems related to the determination of parameters by analyzing steady state data. The simultaneous determination of several parameters, including mass transfer coefficients, backmixing coefficients, and equilibrium constants, is shown to be possible. The accuracy with which the parameters can be estimated depends, however, on many factors, including the number and location of the sampling points, the intensity of the backmixing, and the extent to which equilibrium is approached in the column.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270618
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  • 132
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    The effect of crystal size on occlusion formation during crystallization from solution (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1029-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270624
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  • 133
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    Estimation of kinetic parameters - initial guess generation method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270628
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  • 134
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    Thermal radiation heat transfer, second edition, Robert Siege1 and John R. Howell, hemisphere publishing corporation, 862 pages, $32.00. A solutions manual is avoilable. 1981 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 700-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270426
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  • 135
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    A heat transfer textbook by John H. Lienhard, prentice hall, 1981, 51 6 + xi pages; price $24.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 700-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270427
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  • 136
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    Diffusion effects in initiator decomposition in highly viscous and macromolecular solutionsNCL Communication Number 2607 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 716-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusional limitations in single bond and multibond initiators were experimentally investigated. The concept of “microviscosity” was proposed to account for diffusional resistance in different media. This was then used to obtain a unified correlation of the diffusional phenomena regardless of the nature of viscogen. Parameters related to the kinetic and diffusive processes were evaluated and interpreted giving clear fundamental and pragmatic implications of the findings.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270503
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  • 137
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    Asymptotic expansions for the description of gas bubble dissolution and growth (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 739-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new asymptotic expansion is presented to describe the dissolution or growth of an isolated, stationary gas bubble in a liquid. With the exception of long times, bubble radii calculated via this expansion are in excellent agreement with values obtained by numerical methods over a wide range of gas under(super)-saturations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270506
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  • 138
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    Part III: Continuous esterification of butanol in a rotating disc extractor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 768-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The esterification of n-butyl alcohol with acetic acid has been carried out continuously in a Rotating Disc Extractor (RDC) in a two phase water-n-heptane system. Peculiar phase inversion characteristics have been observed under some experimental conditions during simultaneous transfer of the acid and alcohol, and this has been explained in terms of the changes in the concentration gradients of these two species along the length of the column.A mathematical model has been developed of the continuous process incorporating the equilibria correlations presented in Part I of this study and the kinetic data presnted in Part II to predict the performance of the RDC. The predicted results have been compared with the experimental results and good agreement was obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270510
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  • 139
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    A semi-empirical adsorption equation for single component gas-solid equilibria (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 806-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semi-empirical adsorption equation is derived and tested against published equilibrium sorption data on various types of systems. The equation is designed to satisfy the constraints imposed by the physics and the thermodynamics of the adsorption systems. It can describe the Type I and the Type III isotherms as well as their combinations. The model does not restrict the nature of the isosteric heat of adsorption to simplified forms such as a constant or a linear function of the surface coverage. This restriction is primarily responsible for limited applications of the published theories. Empirical equations relating the isosteric heat of adsorption and the surface excess variable are proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270514
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  • 140
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    Masthead (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270101
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  • 141
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    Adsorption of binary and ternary hydrocarbon gas mixtures on activated carbon: Experimental determination and theoretical prediction of the ternary equilibrium data (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental binary and ternary equilibrium data for the adsorption of hydrocarbon mixtures of methane, ethane, ethylene, and propylene on activated carbon at 20°C are presented and discussed. Reproduction of binary adsorption equilibria and prediction of ternary adsorption equilibria exclusively with data of binary systems have been carried out using a real adsorbed solution theory, which requires the calculation of the activity coefficients for the components in the adsorbed phase.Predicted equilibrium data are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental values using Wilson and UNIQUAC equations to calculate the activity coefficients. The real absorbed solution theory provides a much more accurate method for predicting multicomponent adsorption equilibria than the ideal adsorbed solution theory.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270103
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  • 142
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    Kinetics of selective oxidation of toluene and methanol over supported V2O5-alkalimetal sulfates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The catalytic activity of supported V2O5-alkalimetal sulfate catalysts was studied by oxidizing toluene and methanol to aldehydes and water. An isothermal, fixed-bed reactor, operating at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 320, 345, and 370°C, was used to obtain the reaction rate data for different partial pressure combinations of the reaction components of these two systems. Three different approaches, Langmuir-Hinshelwood, Hinshelwood, and two-step redox mechanisms, have been used to study the kinetics, with statistical data interpretation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270108
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  • 143
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    Oxygen mass transfer in bubble columns working at large gas and liquid flow rates (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 66-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the most persistent obstacles in the study of oxygen mass transfer in bubble columns is the technical difficulty of using large liquid and gas flow rates economically. This experimental limitation is reflected in the present, very incomplete, understanding of the mass transfer characteristics of these two-phase systems. In this work, a new experimental technique has been developed and used.The use of computer-calculated concentration contour diagrams permitted a detailed study of the mass transfer characteristics of the zone near the distributor. No similar study has been reported in the literature until now. The ability of the axial dispersion and two-zone models to describe the experimental data is analyzed.Finally, liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficients have been calculated for both models. The results indicate that KLa increases, often linearly, with the superficial gas velocity. Furthermore, for the liquid-phase range [0, 10] cm/s, KLa had a minimum at Vl ∼ 7.5 cm/s. For larger liquid superficial velocities, an increase in KLa was found. These observations were valid for the axial dispersion (ADM), plug flow (PFM) and two-zone (T-ZM) models.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270111
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  • 144
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    Drop size and continuous-phase mass transfer in agitated vessels (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous-phase mass transfer coefficients and drop sizes in agitated vessels are correlated with operating variables and physical properties of liquid-liquid systems. In formulating mass transfer coefficients, a realistic mechanism has been developed, involving periodically varying rates of surface renewal associated with droplet circulation through varying degrees of turbulence around the vessel. Relationships are obtained for optimized design and scale-up.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270115
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  • 145
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    A comment on the equation of state by Hirschfelder et al. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270124
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  • 146
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    Principles of unit operations, 2nd Edition, A. S. Foust, L. A. Wenzel, C. W. Clump, L. Maus and L. B. Anderson, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1980). 768 pages. $31.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 173-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270127
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  • 147
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    Distribution equilibrium between a bulk phase and small pores (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The pore-bulk distribution coefficient K for a solute species is calculated by modelling the solute molecules as hard spheres. K is expanded in a virial-type series in powers of the bulk-phase concentration. The leading term is the Henry's law constant. The next two coefficients are reported for three pore shapes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270109
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  • 148
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    Bacterial population dynamics in batch and continuous-flow microbial reactors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations of the distribution of states in cell populations grown in well-mixed, isothermal batch and continuous flow reactors are presented. By restricting the analysis to a class of bacteria for which cell division control may be modeled using overlapping timers, analytical results are obtained for many cell population characteristics in terms of the growth rate history. This required growth rate trajectory is evaluated using a separate overall reactor model. The simulation results conform qualitatively to available experimental data and suggest new experiments for further testing of the single-cell model.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270112
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  • 149
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    Regeneration of powdered activated carbon. Part I. Thermal decomposition kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 213-220 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of thermal regeneration of powdered activated carbon containing adsorbed sucrose was studied from 298 to 1033 K. Most of the data were obtained (by measuring mass vs. time of spent carbon samples) in a thermal gravimetric apparatus. The regeneration process was interpreted in terms of a two-step process: (1) low-temperature decomposition to an adsorbed intermediate and gaseous products; and (2) a higher temperature decomposition of adsorbed intermediate into adsorbed residual carbon and gaseous products.Surface area measurements indicated that most of the original carbon surface, but not all, could be recovered by thermal (with inert gas) regeneration up to 773 K. If permanent loss in surface is to be avoided during continued, cyclical use of the carbon, reaction with an oxidizing gas would be required after thermal regeneration.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270207
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  • 150
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    Steady-state multiplicity of a nonadiabatic bubble column with fast reactions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 111-120 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steady-state model is developed for a nonadiabatic bubble column with fast pseudo-nth-order reactions. A priori bounds are obtained for steady-state temperature and conversion, and analytic necessary and sufficient criteria are derived for the prediction of uniqueness and multiplicity of the steady states as a function of system physico-chemical parameters. For the special case of pseudo-first-order reactions, the occurrence of multiple steady states is shown to be more possible in a bubble column than in a gas-liquid CSTR for equivalent system parameters.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270116
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  • 151
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    Design and experimental evaluation of controllers for process undisturbability (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 131-138 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Selected state and/or output variables can be made undisturbable, i.e., invariant, to arbitrary, unmeasured changes in specific input variables by properly designed feedback and feedforward controllers. Simulation and experimental applications to a computer-controlled, pilot plant evaporator gave results superior to conventional controllers.Necessary and sufficient conditions for undisturbability are expressed in terms of the structure of the coefficient matrices of the state space model and equivalently of the corresponding eigenvector matrix. The design procedure normally includes arbitrary specification of all closed-loop eigenvalues and up to r elements of each eigenvector, where r is the number of control (manipulated) variables.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270119
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  • 152
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    Developing mass transfer boundary layer with power law velocity profiles and wall boundary conditions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 298-301 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270218
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  • 153
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    A threshold phenomenon in coating porous surfaces with aerosols. Applications to antitranspirant delivery (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 309-312 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270221
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  • 154
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    Measurement of fluid resistance correction factor for a sphere moving through a viscous fluid toward a plane surface (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 168-170 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270125
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  • 155
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    Heterogeneous catalysis in practice by Charles N. Satterfield, McGraw-Hill Book Company, May 1980, 416 pages; $26.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270129
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  • 156
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 175-176 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270131
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  • 157
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    Measurement of mass flux in two-phase flow using combinations of pitot tubes and gamma densitometers (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New experimental data indicate that mass flux in cocurrent gas-liquid flows may be determined by the use of Pitot tubes in conjunction with a local mixture density measurement technique. The data were taken over a wide range of flow regimes in a horizontal pipe and included separated patterns such as stratified and annular flows. Local mixture densities were obtained by a computer-assisted algebraic reconstruction technique that used chordal average densities measured by traversing gamma beam attenuation.The results extend the applicability of this mass flux measurement technique well beyond the relatively homogeneous, high-pressure, steam-water flow situations originally studied by Banerjee and Nguyen (1977).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270202
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  • 158
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    Liquid film flowing slowly down a wavy incline (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A viscous lamina of given mean thickness flows down a wavy incline. Assuming low Reynolds number and small perturbations due to the wavy striations, the velocity profiles and the free surface profile are determined. It is found that the amplitude and phase shift of the free surface depend, in a complicated manner, on the surface tension and the wave length and orientation of the wavy striations. The motion of a particle on the free surface experiences drift which is also a function of the surface tension, the amplitude, wave length and orientation of the wavy incline.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270206
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    The effect of pore structure on fluid-solid reactions: Application to the SO2-lime reaction (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of varying pore structures on the kinetics of fluid-solid reactions is investigated through the random pore model developed in prior papers (Bhatia and Perlmutter, 1980, 1981). By considering several idealized pore-size distributions it is shown that a solid having a uniform pore size is intrinsically less reactive than one possessing a pore-size distribution. For solids with bimodal pore size distributions optimal structures are shown to exist for which the reactivity is a maximum.Numerical solutions were obtained to the model equations for various values of the parameters characterizing the pore structure, the diffusion, and the chemical kinetics. The results show that the conversion-time behavior and the expected ultimate conversion can be very sensitive to variations in surface area and porosity for reactions accompanied by an increase in volume of the solid phase.These findings are in agreement with experimental literature on the SO2-lime reaction (Ulerich et al., 1978; Borgwardt and Harvey, 1972; Potter, 1969; Falkenberry and Slack, 1968) and the model is shown to fit the data of Borgwardt (1970), and of Hartman and Coughlin (1974, 1976). It is seen that this reaction is diffusion controlled under the conditions of Hartman and Coughlin, in consonance with their own finding using the grain model, and a prior Pigford and Sliger (1973) interpretation. The temperature behavior of the diffusion coefficient in the product layer suggests the participation of an activated process, possibly a solid state diffusion step.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270209
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  • 160
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    Intermixing over cell boundary between taylor vortices (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of exchange of fluid elements between Taylor vortices was experimentally determined for low axial flow rates. A model was formulated defining the exchange coefficient appropriate for this flow system. In the laminar vortex flow region, the measured exchange coefficient increases with Re but is almost independent of Ta.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270321
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  • 161
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    Nitric oxide gas absorption in a limestone packed column (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 518-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270325
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  • 162
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    Introduction to chemical process technology by P. J. v. d. Berg and W. A. Dejong, Delft university press, D. Reidel publishing co. 1980, pp. 309, $26.00 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270328
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  • 163
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270332
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  • 164
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    An approximate approach to design and analysis of fixed-bed catalytic reactors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 558-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approximate approach is proposed for the design and analysis of fixed-bed catalytic reactors in which the intraphase diffusion is important. This approach makes it possible to transform the design and analysis problem of nonisothermal reactors with inter- and intraphase mass and heat transfer resistance into one of simply integrating a single equation with respect to concentration. This transformation is applicable to general from of kinetics. Exceptions are reaction rate forms that can exhibit empirical or approximate negative order behavior. The transformation is based on a generalized effectiveness factor or a reactor point effectiveness factor. While the design and analysis of two-dimensional reactors requires simultaneous solution of conservation equations for mass and heat which are transformed into the equivalents of homogeneous reactors, the problem of one-dimensional reactors with axial dispersion involves simple integration of a single mass conservation equation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270405
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  • 165
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    A review of process synthesis (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 321-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process synthesis is the step in design where the chemical engineer selects the component parts and how to interconnect them to create his flowsheet. This paper reviews the rapidly growing process synthesis literature of over 190 articles, almost all of which have been produced in the last decade.The paper first introduces the nature of the synthesis problem and outlines the variety of approaches which have appeared to solve aspects of it. The problems include developing a representation, a means to evaluate alternatives, and a strategy to search the almost infinitely large space of possible alternatives. As the article demonstrates, effective solutions are very dependent on the nature of the synthesis problem being addressed.The article covers in detail the following five synthesis topics: chemical reaction paths, separation systems, heat exchanger networks, complete flowsheets, and control systems. Readily apparent are the development of industrially significant insights to aid in the design of heat exchanger networks. Reasonable progress exists in the synthesis of separation systems based on nearly ideal distillation technology and in the development of computer aids by chemists for reaction path synthesis leading to desired complex organic molecules. More work is needed for the remaining areas to become industrially significant.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270302
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  • 166
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    Drag force measurement of single spherical collectors with deposited particles (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 364-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamic drag force in a uniform flow field acting on a spherical body with small particles attached to its surface was determined experimentally. The experimental data are used to substantiate the approximate force expressions derived from available theories for several types of collector-particle geometries. Procedures for applying these results to the prediction of the pressure drop across a filter bed with various degrees of particle deposition are also developed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270305
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  • 167
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    Local hold-up and liquid velocity in air-lift reactors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of local hold-up and liquid recirculation rate in an air-lift reactor were performed with two types of gas spargers using a manometric technique. A simple exponential function correlated properly the liquid velocity measured to the gas flow rate. The local hold-up varied appreciably along the column and showed a maximum in most of the cases. A simple linear relationship correlated the local gas velocity with the total flow rate of the mixture.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270307
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  • 168
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    A perturbed hard-sphere, corresponding states model for liquid metal solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 418-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molecular thermodynamics is used to develop a new model for the prediction of the thermodynamic properties of liquid metal mixtures. It combines corresponding states theory with a perturbed hard sphere model to predict successfully, without adjustable parameters, a variety of mixture properties from pure component properties for simple eutectic mixtures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270311
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  • 169
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    Aerosol formation in reacting gases: Theory and application to the anhydrous NH3-HCL system (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 404-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerosol formation in reacting gases is treated in terms of the gas-phase reaction, homogeneous nucleation of the reaction product, and particle growth by parallel mechanisms. In the absence of foreign nuclei, nucleation of the gas-phase reaction product is described by classical homogeneous theory with a nonequilibrium correction factor included; particle growth by diffusion, surface reaction, and cluster scavenging are examined. The predicted contribution of the latter mechanism increases with increasing supersaturation ratio due to a shift in the distribution of cluster sizes in accordance with a Boltzmann-type steady-state distribution. Illustrative results predict a nucleation burst during which the formation of nucleating monomer by chemical reaction competes with the loss of monomer due to diffusion to the surface of the freshly formed particles. In addition, conditions under which cluster scavenging can dominate are shown.The particle-size spectra predicted using the theory are compared with experimentally measured size spectra of NH4Cl particles formed by the gas-phase reaction of NH3 and HCl. The size spectra were measured using an electrical aerosol size analyzer and an optical counter at the outlet of a continuous flow reactor after residence times ranging from 2 to 50 seconds. Reactant concentrations of 2.1 × 10-5 to 4.1 × 10-4 mol/m3 (0.5 to 10 ppm) were studied at 23 to 26°C and near atmospheric pressure. The predicted size spectra showed good agreement with the experimental results. At reactant concentrations below 4.1 × 10-4 mol/m3, the predominant particle growth was apparently by diffusion of the monomer in the noncontinuum range. Based on analysis of other data, cluster scavenging became more significant at reactant concentrations greater than about 8 × 10-4 mol/m3, and coagulation was not significantly important. Furthermore, these studies implied a microscopic surface free energy for NH4Cl of approximately 0.051 N/m.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270310
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  • 170
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    Computation of phase and chemical equilibrium, part IV: Approach to chemical equilibrium (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 466-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Rand algorithm for calculation of compositions in phase and chemical equilibrium is extended to permit specifications of extents of reactions that cannot be taken at equilibrium. Pseudo-Gibbs free energies of formation are introduced to permit specification of temperature approaches. The extended algorithm is demonstrated for methane reforming.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270316
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  • 171
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    II: Discrimination among rival reaction models (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The discrimination of the fast second-order, pseudo-first-order and fast pseudo-first-order reaction models on the basis of the second-order reaction model justifies the use of the pseudo-first-order model in the prediction of the multiplicity regions. The use of the fast second-order reaction model leads to a certain pitfall regarding uniqueness and multiplicity. Finally, the use of the fast pseudo-first-order reaction model is justifiable not only because of the fair agreement between the multiplicity regions predicted by this model and the second-order model but also because of the analyticity of the uniqueness and multiplicity regions obtained by this model.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270319
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  • 172
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    “Fine structure” of the CSTR parameter space (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 514-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270323
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  • 173
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    Correlation between data of adsorption from binary and multicomponent liquid mixtures on solid surfaces (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270327
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  • 174
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    Properties of bismuth oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation dimerization of propylene (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 545-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electronic properties of bismuth oxide shed light on the mechanism of its catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation dimerization of propylene. Variations in the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, as the gas phase contacting a pellet of this p-type semiconductor was changed, provided information about the nature of species adsorbed at reaction temperature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270403
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  • 175
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    Electronic Resource
    A framework for description of mechanical mixing of fluids (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 565-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mechanical mixing of fluids interpreted as deformation of contact interfaces between materials or originally designated material surfaces, can be described by continuum mechanical arguments. The idea is developed at two levels.Part I: Exact kinematical description of mixing of fluids with negligible interfacial tension.Part II: Description of mixing of fluids with negligible interfacial tension in terms of intermaterial area density.The approach provides a unified mathematical description of the mechanical mixing of fluids.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270406
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  • 176
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    Effects of perforated partition plate on mixing characteristics of horizontal stirred vessel (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 599-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To reduce backmixing in the flow-type horizontal stirred vessel, a perforated partition plate was attached and the effects of shape of plate on the mixing characteristics were studied under various operating conditions. Results were analyzed in terms of mixing models to evaluate the extent of preventing backmixing. It enabled us to estimate the extent of back flow at the perforated partition plate from power consumption.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270410
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  • 177
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    Diffusivity and solubility of carbondioxide in diluted polymer solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 626-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of CO2 in aqueous Newtonian solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol with molecular weights varying from 1500 to 100,000 were obtained from absorption rate measurements in a wetted-wall column and the CO2 solubilities determined independently. The exponent A of the diffusivity-viscosity relation is found to be a strong function of the molecular weight of the applied polymer. The data suggest the following correlation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (D/D_0) = (\mu /\mu _0) ^{-3.7\sqrt {M_0 /M_P}} $$\end{document} which indicates that the exponent may vary from 0.04 to 0.4 for the solutions studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270414
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  • 178
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    Hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3: The reaction kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 663-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270419
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  • 179
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    Diffusion and reaction in a stagnant boundary layer about a carbon particle, part 7: Transient behavior and effect of water vapor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of carbon combustion is studied. It is shwon that the carbon particle will not ignite if the furnace temperature is below a certain critical value. In addition, carbon particles display thermal instabilities which can be delayed or eliminated by increasing the water vapor concentration and/or the furnance temperature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270421
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  • 180
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 877-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270535
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  • 181
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    Evaluation of liquid-solid contacting in trickle-bed reactors by tracer methods (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 893-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of dynamic (tracer) methods for the evaluation of liquid-solid contacting and holdup in trickle-bed reactors is illustrated. It is shown that both the fraction of external catalyst area wetted and the fraction of total catalyst wetted by liquid can be obtained. External contacting efficiency and dynamic liquid saturation are correlated in terms of the appropriate dimensionless groups over the range of variables typical for trickle-flow operation. The relationship between catalyst contacting efficiency and catalyst utilization is outlined.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270604
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  • 182
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    Rheological and mechanical properties of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1037-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of rheological properties of a plasticized, filled poly(vinyl chloride) compound on three different methods of thermomechanical treatments has been studied. These three different states of the compound are the dry blend mixed at a maximum temperature of 93°C, the two-roll milled sample prepared at 150°C from the dry blend and the molded sample pressed at 170°C from the previously milled material. At 150°C the viscosity and elasticity of the molded sample are considerably higher than those of the dry blend and the milled sample. At higher temperatures, although their flow curves more or less merge, extrudate swell, extrudate appearance and extrudate tensile properties of the three samples vary. The mechanical and Theological properties of the quenched and annealed molded samples and those of the same compound without filler have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211510
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  • 183
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    Studies on physico-mechanical properties of some new light weight engineering materials (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1085-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Industrial, agricultural, and naturally occurring waste materials in conjunction with liquid epoxy resin, silica and asbestos were employed to make light weight engineering composite materials. To bring down the cost of the expensive resin, additives such as linseed oil and urea formaldehyde were added to replace the bulk of epoxy resin. Various physico-mechanical properties of these composites were studied. In comparison with ordinary cement concrete, properties such as water absorption and fire resistance improved substantially for the majority of mixes, whereas other physico-mechanical properties did not improve greatly in many cases. Such composites, which are similar to (and in some cases better than) ordinary cement concrete can be of use in building technology because of substantially lower prices.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211607
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  • 184
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    Masthead (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211701
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  • 185
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    Optimal thermal design of compression molds for chopped-fiber compositesPresented at the second world Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montreal (October 1981). (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1139-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Because heat is convected by the motion of material in the cavity of a compression mold, the time-averaged heating load on the cavity surface is nonuniform. In rapid production of large, thin parts, this can lead to large variations in cavity surface temperature when the mold is heated by the usual uniform distribution of heating lines. In this paper, a new method is developed for optimizing the mold heating design so that this nonuniform heating requirement can be satisfied with a minimum variation in cavity surface temperature. Oil heating is considered specifically, but the method can also be used for stream or electric heat. The optimal position and power supply for each heating line in the mold is determined by combining mathematical programming techniques with an analysis of the steady temperature field in the mold. The nonuniform heating load on the cavity surface is represented by a time-averaged steady heat transfer coefficient calculated from the transient temperature distribution in a polyester sheet molding compound as it fills the mold cavity. The design method is applied to an example mold for a large flat panel. At a one-minute cycle, the optimal heating design dramatically reduces nonuniformity in cavity surface temperature compared with a conventional distribution of heating lines. The optimal design is remarkably simple, uses only conventional equipment, and involves only half the customary number of heating lines. Nevertheless, it still has sufficient flexibility to adjust for changes in cycle time without sacrificing uniformity in cavity surface temperature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211705
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  • 186
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    Pressure development in the melting zone of a single-screw extruder (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1162-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analysis is given of the pressure generation mechanism in the tapered channel of a single-screw extruder. It is shown that when increasing the throughput the pressure build-up capacity of the melting zone tends to decrease. As a result, severe pressure drops may occur in the tapered sections. A relationship between the pressure profile and the melting mechanism (solid bed/melt pool configuration) is described in terms of the cross-channel melt circulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211708
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  • 187
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    Sintering rheology of amorphous polymers (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1167-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The activation energy for sintering of poly(methyl methacrylate) particle pairs is shown to be similar to their activation energy for Newtonian flow. Sintering progress with time is in good agreement with the Frenkel's coalescence theory. Typical sintering shear rates are shown to be very low and potential energy change (two particles) is small in comparison with the surface energy change. These results lead to the conclusion that the coalescence sintering mechanism of amorphous polymers above their glass transition temperature is essentially a Newtonian viscous flow mechanism where surface tension is the major driving force. A periodical phenomenon associated with sintering progress with time is reported and a supporting mechanism is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211709
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  • 188
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    A theoretical analysis of non-isothermal flow in wire-coating co-extrusion dies (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1128-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical study of non-isothermal superimposed flow of two polymer melts in wire coating co-extrusion dies has been carried out. Numerical methods have been employed to solve the coupled momentum- and energy-balance equations. Various combinations of three polymers - namely, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) have been studied and least squares curve fitted quadratic polynomials have been used for constitutive equations for all three polymers in non-Newtonian high shear rate regions. A multitude of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions can be treated by this algorithm. It was found that temperature and velocity profiles in the die depend significantly on the arrangement of the polymers. Maximum temperature rise has been noted to increase sharply with wire velocity but it can be reduced by increasing the die radius. When the thickness of the outer layer is increased from zero, the shear stress at the wall undergoes a dramatic change (if the viscosities of the polymers are different) at small values of the flow rate ratio and it reaches an asymptotic value at large values of flow rate ratio. It was also found that viscosity ratio at the interface can be reduced by changing the initial temperatures of the liquids. It was observed in some cases that large errors in the calculation of rheological and thermal variables for this problem can be made if temperature rise due to viscous dissipation is not considered.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211704
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  • 189
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    Weld line structures and properties in injection molded polypropylene (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1149-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Weld regions are formed wherever polymer flow fronts meet. The present study examines the effects of melt temperature, mold temperature, mold cooling conditions, injection speed and annealing on the tensile properties and morphological structure of weld regions in four commercially available polypropylene resins. One of the resins contained nucleation particles. Scanning electron micrographs of the weld region revealed a wide range of morphologies from very strong welds which formed part of a stable neck to brittle failures at low elongation caused by the presence of large nucleation particles in the weld region. The melt temperature, mold temperature, and annealing had the greatest effect on the weld region's tensile properties.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211706
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  • 190
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    The viscosity of fiber suspensions at low fiber volume fractions (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1171-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of suspensions of glass fibers in an aqueous solution of sucrose have been studied by use of a capillary viscometer. In the aligned condition in the capillary, the viscosity depends little on shear rate within the range studied or on fiber length, but increases with increasing volume fraction of the fibers. The entrance effect was found to depend strongly on fiber volume fraction and fiber length: this indicates that the suspensions are relatively resistant to flow during the initial stages while alignment takes place.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211710
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  • 191
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    Masthead (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211801
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  • 192
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    New model of curing process kinetics of diurethane crosslinked natural rubber (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1188-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new model for the curing kinetics of diurethane crosslinked natural rubber is elaborated. On the basis of rheometric data, calculation of rate constants of both formation and degradation of the following bond types: urea-urea, urethane-urethane, and urea-urethane, was enabled and thermal activation energies of these processes were determined. Activation energy values for formation of the bonds above are: 61.5 kJ/ mole, 187.6 kJ/mole, and 28.9 kJ/mole, respectively. For degradation, activation energies are: 293.9 kJ/mole, 195.5 kJ/mole, and 163.3 kJ/mole, respectively. An algorithm for carrying out of these calculations on a computer was developed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211803
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  • 193
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    The effect of annealing on the thermal properties of reaction injection molded urethane elastomers (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1210-1217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reaction injection molded (RIM) polyurethanes, especially reinforced RIM polyurethanes, are promising candidates to replace metal exterior body panels on automobiles. One of the most important performance properties which these RIM parts must possess is thermal dimensional stability. Thermal dimensional stability is defined as the ability of a part to withstand distortion or change in size during thermal cycles. This property is important for two reasons. First, during paint operations parts are exposed to high paint bake temperatures. Second, parts may be exposed to relatively high temperatures in use. Thermal dimensional stability is mostly controlled by formulation and post-treatment. Formulation can change the structure of the polymer leading to different thermal properties. Posttreatment such as annealing can change (a) the degree of hard segment phase order, (b) the degree of phase separation and (c) the relative continuity of the phases. Experimental evidence is given to support all these factors.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211806
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  • 194
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    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution in novolac-type polymerization in homogeneous, continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1218-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetic model for irreversible novolac type phenol formaldehyde polymerization and equations governing the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the polymer formed in homogeneous continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (HCSTR) have been derived. The set of algebraic equations involves three reaction parameters R1, R2, and R3 and have been solved using Brown's algorithm which was found to be more efficient than the Gauss-Jordon technique of solution. A sensitivity analysis of different reaction parameters has been carried out and the reactivity of the para position was found to be an important factor affecting the MWD. In view of the fact that parameters R1 and R2 have a negligible effect on MWD, the phenomenon of molecular shielding described by Drumm et al. (1) can be neglected. The novolac formation can then be equivalently described by assuming R1 = 1 and R2 = R3 and the kinetic description so obtained is completely based on the experimentally observed different reactivities of ortho and para sites. The results for HCSTR have been compared with those for batch reactors and the former is found to give polymer of lower average molecular weights having higher polydispersity index.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211807
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  • 195
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    Dependence of mechanical properties in polyolefin blends on shear and thermal history (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Variously dispersed two-component blends of linear polyethylene and a thermoplastic rubber were subjected to different thermal histories after compression molding and their properties were evaluated. It has been shown that ultimate properties of the blends are not defined by the composition, but vary greatly with degree of dispersion and thermal history. Stronger materials failing in a ductile manner were produced under shock cool conditions and in, finely-dispersed blends. Brittle failures and weaker materials were favored by annealing procedures and in blends subjected to brief and/or lowshear dispersion procedures. Time and temperature dependent changes in properties of blends prepared under standard conditions have been observed and activation energies for the aging process calculated. Data interpretation was based on a hypothesis of domain morphology in the blends, and on the existence of “tie molecules” which help to determine the cohesive strength of domain boundaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210710
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    The development of C-10 phthalocyanine for composite matrix applications (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 441-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermomechanical analysis was carried out for various phthalocyanine resins. The polymer based on the C-10 diamide resin was then chosen for evaluation as a potential composite matrix material. Prepregs with Thornel 300 graphite reinforcements were successfully prepared using a hot-melt technique. The processability of this material was studied by employing instrumental techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic dielectric analysis. A cure cycle was developed for the fabrication of angle-ply laminate using the conventional vacuum-bag technique in a hydraulic press. Laminate mechanical properties both in tension and in flexure were determined. The results for the C-10/T-300 samples were shown to be similar to those of an epoxy/graphite and a polyimide/graphite composite system.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210802
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  • 197
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    Electronic Resource
    The effect of molecular orientation on the mechanical properties of fiber-filled amorphous polymers (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The technology of using glass fibers to increase the modulus and the strength of polymeric systems is well-developed. Much less widely exploited has been the enhancement of properties by orienting the molecules of the polymer itself. The purpose here was to look for a synergistic combination of these two strategies: using glass fiber-filled polystyrene and introducing molecular orientation into the polystyrene matrix. For rheological reasons it is not possible to introduce large stretch ratios in the rubbery state and thus the amount of molecular orientation that can be frozen into the quenched glassy composite is small. Even so, however, the rubbery elongation (which we associate with subsequent molecular orientation) has a very significant effect on the final (room temperature) mechanical properties. Analysis of these properties was made in terms of various theoretical models (those of Brody and Ward, Smallwood-Guth, and Russel and Acrivos for the Young's modulus; and that of Kelly and Tyson, as modified by Lees, for the tensile strength). These comparisons showed that the brittleness of unoriented polystyrene is such that the matrix does not effectively distribute the stress along the length of the fiber and thus the benefit of the length is not realized; whereas the higher ductility of oriented polystyrene allows such transfer and a consequent improvement of properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210803
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  • 198
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    Characterization of the interlaminar shear fatigue properties of SMC R-50Owens Corning Fiberglas. (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interlaminar shear fatigue behavior of the sheet molding compound SMC-R50 has been studied. A thick-laminate, short beam shear test was employed to characterize S-N behavior for the material at 21 and 90°C. The shear modulus (Gxy) was determined at 21 and 90°C and the effect of fatigue on modulus at both test temperatures is discussed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical photomicrographs of pristine and post test specimens were studied to assess the relationship between material microstructure and the observed fatigue results for strength and modulus. The experimental evidence suggests that the fatigue life for this material is determined by a single flaw growth mechanism, rather than a global “wear out” process.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210805
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  • 199
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    A comparison of impact tests for assessment of fiberglass reinforced plastic toughnessPresented at the 35th Annual Technical Conference, Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., New Orleans (1980). (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: All measures of impact resistance have shortcomings. The ASTM tests, Izod, Charpy, and drop-dart, measure impact at a single velocity. Furthermore, the Izod and Charpy tests impose an unrealistic unidimensional stress on the test specimen. Indirect gauges of impact toughness, such as the area under the tensile stress-strain curve (tensile work), flexural modulus, or resin cracking in mandrel bend tests, are normally conducted at unrealistically low straining rates. Variable-rate impact testers have been developed to overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, results obtained from a variable-rate tester are compared with those from other methods for assessing composite toughness. Data are reported for flexible and brittle low profile press molding resins, tested as SMC (sheet molding compound) moldings by Izod, drop-dart and variable-rate impact. Indirect measures of impact resistance, mandrel bend and flexural modulus, are also discussed. The effects of resin flexibility and the composite glass content are demonstrated. The glass content affects the ultimate failure strength of the composite but not the failure of the resin matrix. The resin flexibility affects the initial stages of failure.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210806
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  • 200
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    Effect of aging and moisture on the reactivity of a graphite epoxy prepreg (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 474-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of moisture on the curing reaction of Hercules 3501-6/AS graphite-epoxy prepreg was investigated. Test samples of prepreg were aged under humid conditions, while control samples were aged under identical temperature conditions but with negligible humidity. Determinations of the amounts of moisture absorbed and desorbed fom the samples were accomplished gravimetrically. Dielectric analysis was used to monitor the relative reaction rates and overall activation energies of the prepreg after various aging periods. Changes taking place in monomer concentrations were observed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As aging continued, samples aged under humid conditions displayed, significant decrease in the overall activation energy accompanied by increased reaction rates. This change did not occur in the control samples. Samples aged in high humidity showed increased conversion of monomers to polymer when compared to dry aged samples. The aging time required before the above changes became apparent was temperature dependent; the higher the aging temperature, the sooner the changes in reactivity occurred.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210807
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