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  • Electronic Resource  (68)
  • 1985-1989  (68)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1987  (68)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Nuclear reactions
  • Physics
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoterpene hydrocarbon contents of the resin from seeds of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Monoterpenes ; Abies alba Mill ; Resin ; Seeds ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Using gas-chromatographic methods, the variability of the contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3carene and limonene) in the resin of silver fir seeds (Abies alba Mill.) was studied. Resin cavities were characterized according to their position on the seed surface. It was estabilished that the terpene content of the resin of cavities localized on the abaxialadaxial surfaces of the seed differs significantly, creating a gradient of resin composition around the circumference of the seed. The differences between various resin cavities of single seeds were greater than the differences between different seeds of a single cone and between seeds of various cones on a single tree. An accurate definition of the resin cavity location on the seeds appears to be a fundamental condition for the collection of a sample representing the resin composition of individual trees. Resin biosynthesis in the course of organogenesis and the control of terpene contents in the resin of various locations on the seed and the cone are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203577
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma bile acids in patients with peroxisomal dysfunction syndromes: analysis by capillary gas chromatography — mass spectrometry (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 166-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bile acids ; Gas chromatography ; Peroxisomal disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six patients with disorders of peroxisomal function have been studied. Two presented in the neonatal period with the classical features of the Zellweger syndrome, two had incomplete Zellweger phenotypes, one infantile Refsum's disease and one rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Plasma bile acid profiles were determined using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all patients, except the case of chondrodysplasia punctata, 27-carbon and 29-carbon bile acids were present. The compounds identified included trihydroxycoprostanic acid (THCA), dihydroxycoprostanic acid (DHCA), C24-, C25- and C26-hydroxylated derivatives of THCA, a 27-carbon acid with four nuclear hydroxy groups and 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-27a,27b-dihomo-5β-cholestan-26, 27b-dioic acid (C29-dicarboxylic acid). THCA was present at a low concentration in the patient with infantile Refsum's disease; the concentration of DHCA and the C29 dicarboxylic acid were considerably higher. The presence of abnormal bile acids in patients with Zellweger syndrome and infantile Refsum's disease could be explained by the absence of peroxisomes from their hepatocytes. In chondrodysplasia punctata the cause of peroxisomal dysfunction must be different, since normal bile acid synthesis is preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343226
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum alpha-tocopherol levels after high-dose enteral vitamin E administration in patients with acute respiratory failure (1987)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 13 (1987), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Alpha-tocopherol ; Alpha-tocopherolquinone ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum levels of tocopherols were measured in 5 healthy volunteers and in 14 patients with acute respiratory failure before and after onset of high-dose enteral vitamin E administration. The initial alphatocopherol levels did not differ between both groups (12.1±2.7 μg/ml in the volunteers and 11.3±3.5 μg/ml in the patient; mean±SD). After oral administration of 1 g d,l-alpha-tocopherylacetate per day the serum levels more than doubled within 1 day and reached a plateau between 22 and 30 μg/ml after 3 days in the volunteers. In contrast, application of even 3 g vitamin E/day by gastric tube in the patients with respiratory failure caused only a delayed increase of the serum levels with values nearly doubling after 5–10 days (6 patients), or there was no increase at all (8 patients). Serum alpha-tocopherol did not rise in patients without accompanying highmolecular weight formula diet and in patients with prolonged hemodynamic insufficiency and metabolic acidosis. The age of the patients, the fact of severe blood losses, hemodialysis and hemofiltration and the final out-come of death or survival appeared to be without influence on the response to enteral vitamin application. Neither in the volunteers nor in the patients with acute respiratory failure were there any detectable amounts of beta-, gamma- or delta-tocopherol or of alphatocopherolquinone or alpha-tocotrienol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257683
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C22 fatty acids and C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 925-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-propyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The n-propyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, trimellitic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. At mode ratios of [H2O]/[n-PrOH]≤0.03 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4anh.]/[H2O]=0.51–1.52 and of [H2SO4]/[Na2SO4anh.]=0.43–1.28, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261472
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary columns in series for the gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns in series ; Variable polarity columns ; Essential oils analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By connecting capillary columns of different polarity in series and by changing the temperature program gradient, a system of variable polarity is obtained. The working conditions can be adjusted to optimize separations of complex mixtures. Application to the analysis of essential oils of: lavender, thyme, lemon petit grain, bergamot, and tangerine, are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311401
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of volatile polar organics by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Aqueous samples ; Direct injection ; Traces of ketones and halogenated hydrocarbons ; Environmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Procedures for the quantitative analysis of industrial effluents which involve concentration by solvent extraction or the purge-and-trap method are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to error. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector for the analysis of volatile halocarbons at the ppb level is in routine use in many laboratories. We now discuss the development of a similar protocol for the analysis of volatile polar organics such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and tretrahydrofuran using a flame-ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311779
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of backflushing and peak-cutting technique in gas chromatographic trace analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Backflushing, peak-cutting technique ; Trace analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A backflusing, peak-cutting method was developed for the analysis of trace components present in the tail of a major component peak. Using a helium-ionization detector, the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) was: oxygen in hydrogen, 0.5ppm; nitrogen in oxygen or argon, 1ppm; and methane and carbon monoxide in nitrogen, 1ppm. The corresponding MDC values for the conventional single-column method were 7.2ppm, 8.3ppm, and 14 and 5ppm, respectively. Equations used to predict the retention time are given. The accuracy of the predicted retention time is about two percent compared to experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324865
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the metal-catalyzed decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters by GC/FT-IR (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FT-IR detection ; γ- and δ-Haloesters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters has previously been observed to take place within a commercial GC/FT-IR light-pipe system. Using a home-built light-pipe interface, an analysis of this same class of compounds was conducted from which the source of the decomposition was determined to be a brass fitting central to the commercial system's assembly. It is proposed that the reaction is due to a weakening of the carbon-halogen bond by metal interaction thereby allowing lactonization to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324861
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic retention indices for C6 alkanols on OV-101 and Carbowax 20M capillary columns (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; C6 alkanols ; OV-101 ; Carbowax 20M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic retention indices for 16 C6 alkanols measured on capillary columns coated with OV-101 methylsilicone and Carbowax 20M propylethyleneglycol liquid phases at 80° and 90°C were determined. The respective standard deviation values were 0.5 and 0.8 i.u. The correlation between the retention indices measured on non-polar and polar stationary phases and the boiling points of the alkanols was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 53-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dual-column system ; Thermal conductivity detector ; Anesthetic gas mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple dual-column system with a thermal conductivity detector is described, that can be used for the quantitative analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), nitrous oxide and oxygen. The separation was performed on a Carbopack (SP 1000) column and a Porapak Q column arranged in series across the detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310420
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective sampling and capillary gas chromatography in the analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 818-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Selective sampling ; On-line fractionation ; Essential oil analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper describes the possibilities of on-line selective sampling as an on-line fraction technique for the analysis of essential oils. Selective sampling is a micro-separation method, on-line with on-column injection, carried out directly in the syringe body by means of a selective elution of the sample through a fraction cartridge. The paper reports a method of both preparing and standardizing silica gel cartridges, and illustrates through some examples the results of some elution series of solvents on different essential oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311406
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in the determination of volatile organic solvents and other organic pollutants by gas chromatography with thermal desorption sampling and injection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 856-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Organic pollutants determination ; Gas chromatography ; Thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The problem of the separation of 34 volatile organic chlorinated compounds is solved by using three different GC columns selected according to the needs of the particular separation required. The effect of water vapor contained as moisture in the trapped air on the retention of some characteristic compounds is studied. The influence of dead volumes on trap injection is also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311413
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of retention indices in temperature-programmed gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 888-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Calculation of temperature programmed ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new method is presented for the calculation of the retention indices under linear temperature programming with or without an initial isothermal period. The data calculated by the method are in good agreement with the isothermal retention indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261466
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of silicone stationary phases on supports using ozone (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 169-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed column ; Immobilized silicone stationary phases ; Ozonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Immobilization of silicone stationary phases, OV-1701 vinyl and OV-225 vinyl, on Chromosorb W-AW support was achieved in a simple procedure using ozone as an initiator. A column efficiency of 2400 theoretical plates/meter was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311474
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New stationary phase polarity parameters considering the electric intermolecular interactions in gas chromatographic column (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention relationships ; Polarity parameters ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibility of evaluation of the parameters representing the dispersive solute-solvent interactions is presented. BN and Bs values can be used to describe the liquid phase polarity and to predict the retention indices of alcohols when the model polyxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs are used as stationary phases. The possibility of the first ionization potentials estimation is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311479
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of contemporary stillingia oil (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stillingia oil ; Quantitative lipid analysis ; Chinese tallow,Sapium sebiferum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Contemporary stillingia oil from China is qualitatively similar to the oil described earlier, but it exhibits significant quantitative differences reflecting a degree of autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids either before or after crushing of the seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311771
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of interactions between chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes and chemically bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chemically bonded phases ; Specific interactions ; Chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Interactions of Cu(II) complexes chemically bonded to the surface of silica with chloro-derivatives of alkanes and alkenes were investigated. It was found that chlorine as a substituent exerts a considerable influence on the retention of the individual chloro-derivatives. In the case of chloroalkenes this influence is negative while in the case of chloroalkanes it is positive. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the number of substituents and on the way of their distribution within the molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311776
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polar macroporous sorbent for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Macroporous copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl ; methacrylate ; Graft polymers ; Polar sorbent for gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic behaviour of crosslinked macroporous 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted with 2-methyloxazoline was investigated and the range of applicability of the copolymer was assessed. Retention index values were measured on this copolymer and compared with those obtained on the terpolymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate-acrylonitrile. Rohrschneider constants and efficiency data for selected sorbates are given. The use of this type of polymer in the separation of various types of compounds is documented by various examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311781
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC investigation of olefins with chemically bonded gamma-mercaptopropylsilane-copper(II) complexes (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Complexation ; Mercaptosilane chemically bonded phase ; Transition metal complexes ; Olefinic π-complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A column packing containing thiol groups chemically bonded to the silica surface was synthesized. The thiol functional groups were used as ligands capable of forming stable complexes with Cu(II). The prepared material was characterized by gas chromatography using unsaturated linear and branched hydrocarbons as well as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The occurrence of specific metal—olefin interactions resulting from the formation of π-complexes during the chromatographic process was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311818
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of two-dimensional packed+capillary column GC system. III. Instrumentation (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Precolumn construction, oven and connector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The constractional details of precolumns, its oven and connector have been given with two types of multiflow control modules. Two types of phases made in China, a silanized pellicular beads and a non silanized pellicular silica beads, with an optimum particle size of 20μm to 30μm were packed in the precolumn 20mm in length with the column efficiency of 4620 plates/meter at column temperature of 49°C. A 25m×0.22mm i.d. capillary column coated with bonded methylsilicone phase from Chrompack connected with the precolumn (250°C) has an efficiency of 5376 plates/meter for n-octane. But it decreased to 3149 plates/meter by decreasing the precolumn temperature to 130°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309418
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using discriminant analysis to estimate linear mixing proportions (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 1 (1987), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Simplex ; Barycentric co-ordinates ; Discriminant analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper proposes an elegant, yet straightforward, model for classifying linear mixtures. A linear mixture is defined as a random vector y in which the variable are a (non-negative) weighted average of corresponding variables, assumed to characterize g component groups. These weights are referred to as ‘mixing proportions’. The model seeks to identify the mixture constituents and estimate the mixing proportions. It is demonstrated within the context of high resolution gas chromatography and the problem of identifying the constituents in polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180010304
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to high-temperature silylation (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 158-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Silylation ; Critical surface tension ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100313
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved heat-shrinkable PTFE joints also for thin capillaries (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) joints ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100312
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collection of gas chromatographic fractions for NMR analysis (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 213-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; NMR analysis ; Flavor and aroma analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100414
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample introduction in high speed capillary gas chromatography; input band width and detection limits (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; High speed capillary GC ; Sample introduction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The speed of analysis in capillary gas chromatography can be substantially increased by reduction of the column inner diameter. However, special demands are then posed upon instrumental design. In particular, the sampling system is highly critical because it has to be capable of delivering extremely small injection band widths which must be compatible with the column inside diameter. This study focuses on the evaluation of two potentially suitable sample introduction systems with respect to input band width and detection limits and their compatibility with small bore (≦ 100 μm) columns in capillary gas chromatography. One of them allows liquid on-column injection, based on liquid splitting, of only a few nl onto small bore (≦ 100 ◂m) fused silica columns. For gases, input band widths as low as 1 ms are obtained with this system. The other one is part of a miniaturized gas chromatograph with extremely low dead volume interfaces and detector volumes. It allows input band widths for gases of a few ms. Without any preconcentration ppm concentrations are measured in gaseous samples with a 80 ◂m thick film capillary column. It will be shown that a further reduction of the minimum detectable amount and analysis time is possible with this equipment.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100512
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple and efficient cryogenic trapping device for odor evaluation of aroma fractions (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 369-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic effluent trap ; Odor evaluation ; Aroma fractions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100613
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  • 27
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    Comparison of methods to enhance flame ionization detector (FID) signals in gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 392-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FID signals ; Signal handling ; Signal enhancing ; Data acquisition ; Smoothing filtering correlation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performances of some numerical methods to improve the signal to noise ratio are compared and applied to enhance noisy signals obtained in gas chromatography with capillary columns and a flame Ionization detector. Several methods have been considered: cutoffs In the Fourier transform of the recorded signal; real time numerical filtering; theoretical model curve fitting; and the correlation of a chromatogram recorded from a pseudorandomly injected sample with the pseudorandom injection function. Numerical real time filtering is shown to be the most convenient method when the main periodic component of the noise has been determined by Fourier analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100705
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of three aminonitropyrene isomers via fused silica gas chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Aminonitropyrene ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100110
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of complex organic mixtures using capillary gas-liquid chromatography and the dynamic solvent effect (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 122-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Trace analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Inlet ; Injector ; Sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sampling system for high resolution gas-liquid chromatography, based on the dynamic solvent effect, is described. Volatiles are accumulated off-line in a concentrator/injector and delivered to the column using an on-line inlet. Volatiles may be accumulated from gaseous or liquid matrices; they may be transferred to these by gas sparging or solvent extraction of any type of sample. The sampling technique is quantitatively precise; e.g. coefficients of variation of peak percentage areas better than 5% for a range of solutes at a concentration of 2:107. Examples of the application of the sampling system are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100304
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of amino acids by gas chromatography using a wide bore capillary column (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide bore glass capillary ; Fused-silica capillary ; Component discrimination ; Butt connectors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure is described in which a wide bore capillary column is used as an alternative to the more traditional packed column for the quantitative analysis of amino acids as their N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl ester (HBB) derivatives. The column, installed in a gas chromatograph previously configured for use with a packed column, is shown to give good reproducibility by repeated determination of amino acid response factors (RSD values for all amino acids are below 3%). A number of problems, encountered during the use of this column, are discussed and suitable techniques to overcome them are reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100703
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    Purging directly to a capillary column with whole column cryotrapping (P/WCC) for the determination of aqueous volatile compounds (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 409-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC ; Mass spectrometry ; Purge and trap ; Purge with whole column cryotrapping ; Whole column cryotrapping ; Purgeable compound determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100709
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Kováts retention indices of selected mono and polycyclic olefins (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 461-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mono and polycyclic olefins ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100809
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  • 33
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    Improved simulated distillation technique for characterization of heavy oils (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 479-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Megabore columns ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100816
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  • 34
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    Gas chromatography of volatile fatty acids as tert-butyidimethylsilyl esters (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 522-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Volatile fatty acids ; tert-Butyldimethylsilyl esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100910
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    Electronic Resource
    Selective water removal in purge/GC analysis of volatile aromatics in aqueous samples (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 573-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Cryogenic cooling ; Volatile aromatics ; Water removal ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101012
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  • 36
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    CGC-MS determination of mixtures of long chain aliphatic esters (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 594-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; Mass spectrometry ; Ion monitoring ; Wax esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the determination of the acid and alcohol moieties in long chain wax esters. The co-eluting esters are differentiated by means of CGC-MS operating in the ion monitoring mode. The technique allows to detect ester components present in very low amounts in plant surface waxes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101103
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    On the influence of the solute sample size on temperature-programmed retention indices (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Temperature-programmed retention indices ; Sample size ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the solute sample size on the measurement of temperature-programmed retention indices (ITP) has been studied on glass capillary columns with different stationary phases, film thicknesses, and temperature programs. The sample capacity of a solute is little affected by the parameters of temperature program, i. e. initial temperature and heating rate. However, it has been found that in a temperature programmed run, allowable sample sizes for high ITP values are lower than for low ITP values. About 10 ng of each compound is recommended as the sample size for accurate measurement of ITP values on commonly used capillary columns.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101105
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    Electronic Resource
    Modified inlet for injecting a bonded phase wide-bore fused silica capillary column with chlorinated pesticides in a lipid extract (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 620-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica ; Wide-bore ; Direct flash vaporization ; Chlorinated pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101108
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  • 39
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    Identification of mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes in air particulate matter via fused silica gas, chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Air particulate matter ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes the use of high resolution capillary gas chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (NIAPIMS) for the analysis of an air particulate extract for mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes, some of which are powerful bacterial mutagens. The results are compared to those obtained by the electron impact mass spectrometric analysis of the same sample In addition, the NIAPIMS method confirmed the identification of 4-nitropyrene in the ambient air sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101204
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  • 40
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    An optimized gas chromatographic determination of priority pollutant phenols (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 647-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Priority pollutant phenols ; Internal standard quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Priority pollutant phenols are determined by gas chromatography on an SE-30 WCOT column using hydrogen carrier and flame ionization detection with dual internal standards. Linear responses over ranges ca. 12-125 ng per component are achieved and detection limits at or below 1 ng are obtained. Carrier flow and temperature program are optimized to maintain baseline resolution while affording an analysis time of less than 15 minutes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101205
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  • 41
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    Preparation of inert glass capillary columns coated with UCON 50 HB-5100. An attempt to rediscover industrially produced α, ω-polyethylene/polypropyleneglycol ethers as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 32-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Polyalkyleneglycol ether phases ; Inert columns ; Immobilization by condensation ; Methyltrimethoxysilane, coupling agent ; Trifluoroacetic acid, catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using UCON 50 HB-5100, one of the most successful stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography during the past decade, as an example, we wish to redirect attention to the excellent properties of the polyethylene/polypropyleneglycol ether copolymer coatings. Based on experience gained in work with OH-terminated polysiloxanes, a method is described for preparing inert and relatively temperature stable chemically bonded and crosslinked coatings in a single working step. Methyltrimethoxysilane was used as coupling agent, and trifluoroacetic acid was introduced as an acidic catalyst. The reaction mechanisms involved as well as the influence of additional crosslinking on the column behavior are discussed, particularly with respect of the inertness of the coatings.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100107
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  • 42
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    Preparation of inert glass capillary columns coated with industrially produced N,N,N′, N′-tetrakis (polyethylene/propylene glycol ether) ethylenediamines (tetronics) as stationary phases (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns glass ; Tetronic, stationary phase ; Inert column ; Irganox 1010 ; Antioxidant ; Catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100211
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  • 43
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    Native ethylene glycol in wine: Application of a dead volume free, very fast “deans heart-cut” system on-line with multi-chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, coupled ; Heart cutting ; Multi-chromatography ; Wine analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data about the existence of native HO—CH2—CH2—OH (MEG) in natural wines and champagne has led to delicate questions because of legal decisions already made to declare wine or champagne illegal for sale if the MEG concentrations found are above 10 mg/liter. Action has been taken because of the DEG (diethylene glycol) disaster in European wines of 1985…86. An incorrect legal decision was made due to the belief that MEG cannot be produced biochemically by grape vines. A further reason may be lack of correct data on native MEG trace concentrations, as a result of the special behavior of this diol. As first member of a homologous series whose higher members (C4) are normally found in all wines at quite high concentration levels, MEG shows extremely adsorptive behavior. The solution of the chromatographic problems is summarized in this paper. MEG concentrations in Riesling as example are in the range of 2 to 6 mg/liter and can easily be increased by biotechnological steps to a level of around 10 to 60 mg/liter. This is again due to the specific adsorptive behavior of MEG, which can be enriched on filter surfaces and displaced when the wine acidity changes with changing types. In order to control and guarantee the qualitative and quantitative results of MEG analyses we used a combination of Deans heart cutting on-line with Multi-Chromatography. It was easy to produce false data by many otherwise useful single column or two-dimensional separation processes, etc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100506
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption phenomena of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and OCDF in high resolution gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; PCDD's ; PCDF's ; Adsorption phenomena ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100109
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  • 45
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    A study of chromatographic properties of liquid crystalline polyacrylates using WCOT columns in gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Liquid crystalline stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline polyacrylates (LCPAs) are evaluated as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC). Aromatic hydrocarbons as well as polar isomeric compounds are used as test solutes to compare the polarity of the LCPAs with a conventional polysiloxane column and a Carbowax 20M column. The relative polarity of the columns with respect to change in the lateral and terminal substituents is also discussed. Lateral substitution, polarity of the terminal group, together with the solute size, affect the LCPA selectivity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100205
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    High oven temperature  -  cold on-column injection for the automated CGC analysis of high molecular weight compounds such as triglycerides (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; Automated cold on-column injection ; High oven temperature ; Lipid analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modification of the Carlo-Erba cold on-column injector for (automated) analysis of high molecular compounds at high oven temperature is described. The secondary cooling tube of the cold on-column injector is replaced by a lengthened tube through which a high air flow is directed. The injection site is maintained at 65-70 °C while the oven is at high temperature (≷ 300 °C). For automated injection, a short deactivated precolumn of 22 to 30 cm × 0.53 mm i.d. is coupled to the analytical column via a butt connector with make-up gas supply. For a triglyceride mixture, automatically injected at 300 °C, the mean % deviation for all peak areas was 1.8% and the mean % deviation for all retention times was 0.09 % for five consecutive runs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100510
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multipurpose cold injector for high resolution gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 288-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Universal sampling system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multipurpose cold injector described in this paper represents a solution for an universal sampling system for high resolution gas chromatography. The system is modular and is built around the Carlo Erba cold on-column injector provided with secondary cooling. An auxiliary module, easily fixable on the bottom of the on-column injector, creates a temperature programmable vaporizing chamber making the system also suitable for cold split-splitless injections or solvent venting prior to the sample transfer into the capillary. The system can be operated manually or in a fully automatic mode using the auto-sampler for cold on-column injections. The experimental data illustrate its benefits and limitations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100514
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Importance of the retention index standards in determining the magnitude of McReynolds phase constants (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 670-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index standards ; McReynolds phase constants ; Partial molar Gibbs free energy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101211
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  • 49
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    Rayleigh instability of stationary phase films in capillary column chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 128-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Coating of capillaries, static and dynamic ; Rayleigh instability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The film of stationary phase on the wall of a capillary column and that of the phase solution during both static and dynamic coating is subject to Rayleigh instability, which is quite independent of so-called wettability. A theory is developed which shows that the logarithmic growth rate of Rayleigh instabilities is proportional to the surface tension and to the third power of the film thickness, and inversely to the viscosity and to the fourth power of the capillary diameter. Determination of the variation of the viscosities of stationary phase solutions with concentration in coating solvents, and the variation of the viscosities of neat stationary phases with temperature, both revealed that heating and/or diluting changed the viscosities of phases with π-electron-containing, groups much more than for polydimethylsiloxanes. Rayleigh instability is therefore more important during coating of phenyl-containing phases such as OV-17, and later during column operation. The efficiencies of capillary columns of different diameters coated with a number of phases under different conditions of temperature and coating rate, and then operated at different temperatures were in good agreement with the predictions of the theory.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100305
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  • 50
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    Optimizing gas chromatographic separations (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Selectivity tuning ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While separations based on the use of stationary phases specifically designed to maximize solute alphas can, in the strictest sense, be precisely optimized only under specific isothermal conditions, the approach has previously been used even with temperature programmed separations. Selectivity can by further “tuned” by (1) differential variations in the carrier gas velocity through dissimilarly coated coupled columns, and (2) temperature variations in columns of at least moderate polarity. This paper explores the latter approach.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100504
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    The allyl bonded stationary phase. II. Conversions to new phases for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Allyl bonded phases ; Addition Reactions ; Synthesis of new bonded phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The presence of the double bond on the allyl moiety has been utilized as a site for addition reactions which could produce new stationary phases. Bromination and hydrobromination reactions have been employed to prove the feasibility of making modifications to the allyl bonded phase. Both retention volumes and thermodynamic parameters for the solutes studied change upon conversion to one of the brominated phases. Sample size studies are consistent with a bonded phase adsorption mechanism. FTIR spectra also confirm the modifications which have occurred on the allyl bonded material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310409
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  • 52
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    Identification of the components of aldoses in a tautomeric equilibrium mixture as their trimethylsilyl ethers by capillary gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbohydrate TMS-ethers ; Tautomeric equilibrium mixtures of aldoses ; MS and NMR identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equilibrium tautomers of aldopentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose and lyxose) and aldohexones (allose, altrose, gulose, idose and talose) have been analyzed as their trimethyl-silyl ethers by capillary GC. Pentoses were separated on SE-54 and hexoses on OV-225. The four components of the tautomer equilibrium mixture have been identified using GC/MS and NMR data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310417
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    How to count strong adsorption sites by gas chromatography? (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Adsorbents for gas chromatography ; Strong adsorption sites ; Heterogeneity of silica surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of the quantity of the strongest adsorption sites on an adsorbent's surface. The method consists of the blockage of the sites with quasi-irreversibly adsorbed, known amount of a strongly interacting compound and subsequent measuring of the retention of a hydrocarbon during the presence of the blocking compound in the column. Heterogeneity of chromatographic grade silicas is investigated with this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312663
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-propyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 760-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of different amounts of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic, malic and citric acids in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.15 can be utilized for the determination of these acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.03. For mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.24–2.13 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–1.28 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312669
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the concentration of silanol groups by a chemical reaction with methyllithium and GC measurements of evolved methane (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Bonded silica ; Residual silanol groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Silanol groups of chromatographic material surfaces were determined by chemical reaction with methyl-lithium. Evolved methane was measured by a gas chromatographic method using a column packed with molecular sieves. This chromatographic technique leads to very reproducible results, particularly for the control of the hydroxylation of a silica gel and for the analysis of residual groups at the surface of bonded silica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312671
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic determination of lactulose (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Analysis of lactulose in carbohydrate mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Lactulose is a disaccharide with important implications in medicine, nutrition and dairy technology. It has to be determined usually as a minor component in complex matrices containing many other sugars. This paper describes the different chromatographic techniques (planar, liquid and gas chromatography) which have been proposed for the separation and quantification of lactulose in mixtures with other carbohydrates; the advantages of each technique are compared and some features where more research is necessary are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312889
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. I. Theory (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Column efficiency utilization ratio ; New packed precolumn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary To match the need of high efficiency capillary column (plate number N2, Plate height H2 and carrier gas linear velocity U2), a new high efficiency packed column (N1, H1 and U1) at high carrier gas velocity with small capacity factor has been developed in the light of theoretical discussion of factors effecting the column efficiency utilization ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309416
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of some properties of immobilized polyethylene glycol type stationary phases modified with an acid (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 553-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Immobilized Carbowax-type stationary phases ; Free fatty acids analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Capillary columns coated with acid-modified poly-(ethylene glycol)-type immobilized stationary phases have been studied. The thermostability and chromatographic behaviour of the columns and the stability of the coated films after washing with different solvents were investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324862
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermodynamic equilibria by chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Thermodynamic equilibria ; Solution and adsorption thermodynamics ; Gas adsorption isotherms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief recall of the chromatographic principles, the different applications of gas chromatographic measurements of thermodynamic equilibria were reviewed. Gas and liquid chromatographies are now well known and elegant methods for measuring the physicochemical properties and phase equilibrium thermodynamic constants. Although fundamentally a dynamical method and mostly known as a powerful separation technique, chromatography can be schematized by a sucession of equilbria of a chemical species partitioning between a mobile phase and a fixed liquid or solid stationary phase. It can be operated in either infinite dilution or finite concentration conditions and permits to collect a large number of data for calculating molecular interactions for solutes which are either rare or available at the trace level. Gas chromatography permits the measurement of gas adsorption isotherm, gas-liquid equilibria, molecular diffusion and interaction virials. The modelization of successive partition equuilibria occuring in the chromatographic column leads to rather simple expression of differential enthalpy, entropy, free energy of adsorption or solution, variation of heat capacity, complexation constant, second virial coefficients, gas-solid and gasliquid isotherm and also binary or ternary equilibria. The possibilities of High Performance-Liquid Chromatography to investigate adsorption from solutions and chemical equilibria are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311484
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis ; n-Propyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Esterification in aqueous solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.21 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.45. For mole ratios above 0.45 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range tested was 0.12–0.99 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–2.55 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311777
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  • 61
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    Electronic Resource
    Rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic method for detection of barbital and pentobarbital in blood using flash-heater methylation and nitrogen-specific detection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen-specific detector ; Flash methylation ; Barbital and pentobarbital ; Blood analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and simplified method is described for the determination of barbital (B) and pentobarbital (PB) in blood using gas chromatography with a nitrogen-specific flame ionization detector. After a simple one-step extraction, B and PB were reconstituted in trimethylanilinium hydroxide and introduced directly into the gas chromatograph. Lower limits of detection was 0.14 μg/ml for B and PB in either water or blood solutions. The recoveries for B from water and blood were 90 and 88%, respectively; for PB they were essentially complete. The average between-run and within-run coefficients of variation for B from water and blood were lower than 7.8%, whereas those of PB were lower than 3.0%. The scale and sensitivity of detection for B and PB were found to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311778
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography using porous polymers coated with different stationary phases (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Prediction of retention volume ; Porous polymers coated with liquid phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new expression which permits the prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography with column packings of coated porous polymers is reported. The porous polymers Chromosorb 101 and Chromosorb 102 were used as supports and squalane, Ethofat and Carbowax 20M as stationary phases at three different column temperatures of 80°C, 100°C and 150°C. Several organic compounds of various polarity were used as test compounds and the net retention volumes, VNtheor, have been calculated according to this new expression. The VNtheor values were compared with the experimental net retention volumes, VNexp, and it was found that the difference between these two values is dependent on the type of compound and column packing. Nevertheless, the elution order could be predicted in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309415
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. II. System and applications (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 492-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Accurate system quantitation ; Analysis of complex samples or dilute solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A packed column containing immobilized SE-54 liquid phase on pellicular silica beads ZIPAX and having a high efficiency and high mass transfer rate has been successfully used in a two-dimensional packed+capillary column system without a cold trap. The application of this system is demonstrated by the analysis of C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and lowboiling hydrocarbons present in natural oils, and of highboiling components present in low concentrations in a low-boiling solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309417
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the thermondynamic values of alkylthiazoles from the Kovats retention indices on the basis of the non-linear additivity principle (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 595-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Alkylthiazoles ; Energy contributions of the alkyl groups ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention indices and their energy equivalents were determined for ten alkylthiazoles analysed on the stationary phases Apiezon L, Triton X-305 and Carbowax 1000. It was found that the energy contributions of identical alkyl groups to the partial molar free energy of sorption of a molecule are not equivalent. Smaller energy contribututions are due to the α-position of alkyl groups with respect to the heteroatoms in the thiazole ring (α-effect). This effect was most pronounced for 2-alkylthiazoles. Higher sorption energies were found for dimethylthiazoles with two methylgroups in a vicinal position. The retention indices were predicted for ten other di- and tri-substituted methyl, ethyl and propyl thiazoles on the basis of the so-called α- and ortho-effects. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324871
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Identification of solvents of abuse using gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry after headspace sampling (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 626-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fourier transform IR detection ; Headspace sampling ; Solvents of abuse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After experimental intoxication of rats, gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with headspace sampling (HS/GC/FT-IR) was used to identify solvents of abuse in biological material (blood, liver, lungs and brain). Limits of detection were measured for acetone, 2-butanone, ether, toluene and trichlorethylene with standard solutions. All the solvents have been identified in the organs of the intoxicated rats. For blood samples a salting-out effect was obtained with potassium carbonate. HS/GC/FT-IR allowed the identification of metabolites of acetone (isopropanol) and of 2-butanone (2-butanol) in blood and organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311489
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    The chromatographic behaviour of cycloolefins on stationary phases of different polarity. Prediction of their retention indices and boiling points (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Physico-chemical properties ; Retention indices ; Cycloolefins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention indices of mono and polycycloolefins with endo or exo double bonds, on squalane or polypropylenglycol 425 are related to their physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, molar volume, molar refraction, and refractive index. Equations have been empirically obtained, from which accurate retention indices of these compounds can be predicted. Unknown boiling points of some of these compounds can also be calculated from their lineal relation with the retention index on squalane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310415
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solute polarity on the performance of porapak type porous polymers (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Porous polymer beads ; Polarity ; Adsorbents ; Breakthrough volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The breakthrough volume of ådsorbent traps made with porous polymer beads Porapak N, P. Q, R, S was evaluated by analysis of polarity reference substances proposed by Rohrschneider (ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrometane, benzene, pyridine) by McReynolds (butanol, methyl propyl ketone) and of the first term of some homologous series: alcohols, aldehides, carboxilic acids, nitrocompounds, iodoalkanes and nitriles. Adjusted retention times of the compounds were measured at 200°C and correlated with the physical properties and with polarity class according to Ewell. Trapping efficiency of the various Porapak types was evaluated and the theoretical breakthrough volumes at 25°C was calculated for the used test substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311410
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  • 68
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    Electronic Resource
    Selectivity optimization for the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial cellular fatty acids (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 850-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Bacterial cellular fatty acids ; Stationary phase selectivity ; Solid phase preseparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The importance of selectivity in the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the cellular fatty acids of micro-organisms is underestimated. The analysis on apolar silicone phases can lead to erratic elucidation of the fatty acid structure. Qualitative errors have been detected in commercially available standards on which computer matching identification techniques are based. Using highly polar capillary columns of the cyanopropyl silicone type, the errors could be elucidated. The exact identification of the hydrolysis products of bacteria is a must for chemotaxonomic studies applying chromatographic techniques. The fatty acid methyl ester profiles can also contain other chemical components which are very important taxonomic markers. Fatty aldehydes, for example, are main components in someClostridium species. Fractionation techniques are described for selective enrichment of fatty aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311412
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