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  • Electronic Resource  (131)
  • 1995-1999  (131)
  • 1995  (131)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-Time Ultrasonic Process Tomography of Flowing Mixtures (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a generic application study of the simple but fundamental limitations in the industrial exploitation of ultrasonic process tomography to dynamic flowing mixture processes. The background to two-dimensional ultrasonic process tomography is reviewed and the key implementation aspects which uniquely limit its performance are explored. Simple descriptors are presented, which allow the assessment of the applicability of ultrasound process tomography to particular applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120206
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vision-Guided Flame Control Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an application of fuzzy and neural network techniques to a vision-guided closed loop control for stationary luminous flames. The image processing technique is used to analyze and identify the process states. Fuzzy control strategy avoids the difficulty in establishing a mathematical model for an ill-defined process. Expert knowledge and training patterns can be incorporated into fuzzy rules, which are represented in the form of neurons. The use of a neural network makes it easy to increase the number of control parameters and provides the system the possibility to adjust its performance automatically.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120207
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 112-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120210
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications for Tomographic Technology in Mining, Minerals and Food Engineering (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Existing and new applications for tomographic technology using optical, electrical radar and seismic sensing principles are described. It is demonstrated that important similarities link process instrumentation needs in the mineral benefication and food manufacturing sectors. The minerals industries provide a variety of challenging applications for tomography in the development and validation of models associated with acid mine drainage, the stability of mine workings, mineral exploration and other environmental needs such as monitoring landfill sites and groundwater plume dispersion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120209
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 118-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120302
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diameter Distribution of Spherical Primary Grains in the boolean model from small-angle scattering (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for determining the size-distribution density of small spheres which are arranged, without any interaction between them, at random positions in space and form an isotropic twophase system is presented. In the case of higher volume fractions, frequent overlapping between the spheres is a logical consequence. This effect is an essential feature of the model itself and is well considered and observed. Stereological information, which contains all the necessary data about the unknown size distribution, is obtained from the angular intensity distribution (small-angle scattering experiment) of the particle system concerned. The resulting formula still includes, in a first representation, the volume fraction p as a free parameter. In a second step, a general analytical method for the determination of the volume fraction p from the set covariance of the considered random closed set is derived. Therefore, the unknown diameter distribution can be obtained in every detail, starting from the scattering curve of the sample, by way of two independent working steps.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120304
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle Manipulation by Ultrasonic Standing Wave Fields to complement dynamic light scattering experiments (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dynamic light scattering is a widely used technique for the sizing of colloidal suspensions. It is capable of measuring particles across the size range from approximately 1 nm to several microns. However the larger particle sizes tend to pose problems for the interpretation of the scattered light signal either by virtue of their light scattering efficiency relative to the smaller species present or the departure of the scattered light signal from Gaussian statistics. Rapid removal of such particles in-situ could extend the use of dynamic light scattering particularly in on-line analysis or laboratory automated measurement. In this paper a method is demonstrated for the in-situ removal of larger particles in suspension by means of ultrasonic standing waves and concurrent dynamic light scattering measurement. The theory behind ultrasonic particle manipulation and its effect on the motion of the particles is discussed. Data from a scattering cell designed to incorporate the ultrasonic technology is presented showing that dynamic light scattering measurements may be carried out under such conditions. Varying the energy density of the ultrasonic field allows particles greater than a defined cut-off diameter to be removed from the measurement region. Theory shows that the minimum cut-off size may be as small as 100 nm. Results presented here demonstrate complete removal at a lower diameter threshold of approximately 2000 nm.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120306
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extinction Efficiency of Gradient-index Microspheres (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extinction efficiency of transparent spheres with a radial gradient of refractive index irradiated by electromagnetic plane waves was obtained by using the finely stratified sphere model [L. Kai, P. Massoli, Appl. Opt. 33 (1994) 501-511]. The extinction efficiency of gradient-index microspheres and location changes of morphology-dependent resonances on the Mie extinction efficiency curves are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120303
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extinction of Radiation in Sterically Interacting Systems of Monodisperse Spheres. Part 2: Experimental results (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 132-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law (BLBL), commonly used to describe the extinction of radiation in disperse systems, is known to be valid in the limit of low concentrations only. In Part [1] it was shown that steric particle-particle interactions lead to important effects in the range of high particle concentration and two versions of a more general extinction equation including steric interactions were derived for the regimes of fraunhofer diffraction and ray propagation in this part experimental evidence for the effects of steric interactions on the extinction of radiation in suspensions of monodisperse spherical particles is given. Various experiments on light extinction and on ultrasonic extinction are combined to cover a broad range of particle size parameters, mechanisms of particle-wave interaction and receiver apertures.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120305
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inverse correlation of the enhancement effect of tetrachloromethane as a feedstream additive in the oxidative coupling of methane on silica-supported alkaline earth and alkali-alkaline earth catalysts with the polarizing ability of the alkaline earth cationsDedicated to Professor Dr. Manfred Baerns on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 132-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results are reported for the oxidative coupling of methane on silica-supported alkaline earths prepared from either their acetates or chlorides with and without alkali metals as dopants and in the absence or presence of carbon tetrachloride (TCM). The addition of small quantities of TCM to the methane feedstream produces increases in the conversion of methane and the selectivities to C2 hydrocarbons which correlate with the increase in cation size and thus are inversely related to the polarizing abilities of the cations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180208
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air stripping - a method for treatment of wastewaterPoster presented at the “GVC-Jahrestagung für Verfahrensingenieure”, Nürnberg, Germany, September 30 to October 1, 1993. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During recent years the air stripping process has been increasingly applied to the cleaning of water contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOC). The present contribution compares various methods of treating VOC-contaminated water, with a special focus on removal efficiency and economic aspects. In particular, air stripping, a universally used cleaning method, is described in greater detail. Design and operational aspects are worked out for packed stripping towers for the special case of water contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Experimental results substantiate predictions of various operating conditions, packing types and scale-up effects.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180302
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of gas injection on the flow of immiscible liquids in horizontal pipes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 156-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow of two immiscible liquids and the influence of an additional inserted gas phase in horizontal pipes is investigated. The experiments are carried out in a transparent horizontal pipe with an inner diameter of 59 mm and a total length of 48 m. Experimental results are presented for the flow regimes of the two phase and three phase flow of oil, water and gas mixtures. The effect of phase inversion on the pressure drop is measured. The experimental results obtained for the three phase flow of oil, water and air indicate that drag reduction is possible by injecting gas in laminar flowing mixtures of oil and water. In the aerated slug flow regime of oil, water and air a water dominated and an oil dominated flow system can be distinguished. The pressure drop of the three phase flow system is of the magnitude as the pressure drop of the two phase flow of gas and the dominating liquid phase.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180303
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a venturi jet scrubber for H2S removal by iron-complex solution (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Venturi jet scrubbers are widely used in chemical industries as an efficient gas-liquid contacting equipment. They are simple in design, have no moving parts, operate with circulating liquid and are reliable in service. Moreover, due to high relative velocity of liquid and gas, considerable overall mass transfer can be produced. In spite of their wide application, readily usable design data are not available in literature, particularly for units producing a gas flow by their own pumping action. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the equipment and its application for H2S removal. The effects of various parameters such as gas and liquid flow rates as well as pressure on hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of the equipment are investigated. Results of experiments have been shown graphically.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180304
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vapour-liquid equilibria of several binary systems of fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons, part II (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The vapour-liquid equilibria of the binary systems perfluoromethylcyclohexane-pentafluorobenzene, benzene-pentafluorobenzene, benzene-methylperfluorobutanoate and perfluoromethylcyclohexane-methylperfluorobutanoate have been measured at 333.07 K and 343.12 K using a dynamic circulation still of the Sieg-Röck type. The thermodynamic consistency of the measurements was tested by two different methods. New UNIFAC interaction parameters [1] were calculated for the following groups: ACH-ACF, ACF-CF2, CF2-COO, ACCH2-ACF, ACH-CF2. The abbreviations stand for the following increments: ACH = aromatic CH group, ACF = aromatic CF group, CF2 = aliphatic CF2 group, COO = ester group and ACCH2 = side chain CH group.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180308
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic modelling of the oxidative coupling of methane over lanthanum oxide in connection with mechanistic studiesDedicated to Prof. Dr. Manfred Baerns on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 216-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model of the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over lanthanum oxide is developed on the basis of mechanistic conclusions obtained elsewhere. A reaction scheme is proposed, and the kinetic parameters corresponding to the different kinetic equation are optimized. Experimental and calculated reaction rates are compared with the aim of testing the proposed scheme and validating the basic mechanistic assumptions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180311
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of sulphur retention in atmospheric fluidized bed combustors. Sensitivity analysis and simulation (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For the design, simulation and optimization of sulphur retention in atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustors, a mathematical model is needed that would be able to predict the behaviour of the combustor in a wide range of operating conditions. In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the sulphur retention predictions of the different hypotheses, equations and parameters, which define the different submodels and phenomena occurring in the combustor, has been carried out. It has been found that the hypotheses related to the gas flow, devolatilization type and sulphur distribution in the pyrolysis products imply an important division among models. The greatest effect on sulphur retention predictions is exercised by the parameters defining the fines elutriation and sorbent sulphation capacity. However, those corresponding to the bed hydrodynamics (minimum fluidization velocity and bed expansion) do not have a significant effect on the sulphur retention predictions.The sulphur retentions obtained in the combustion of high sulphur lignites with eight different limestones were used for model validation. A good fit of the experimental sulphur retentions was found, without using any adjustable parameter. Finally, a simulation of the process was made. The great effect of the bed height, air velocity and the particle size distribution of the limestone must be pointed out, as well as the effect of its reactivity through the maximum conversion attainable by each particle size.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180403
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer effects on kinetics of nonideal liquid phase ethyl tert-butyl ether formationDedicated to Professor Dr. Manfred Baerns on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is an alternative fuel oxygenate that can be produced in the liquid phase by addition of ethanol to isobutene catalyzed by sulfonic acid ion exchange resins. A generalized Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expression is formulated in terms of the liquid phase activities of the reactants that is quasi-autocatalytic due to ethanol. This microkinetic model is combined with the generalized Maxwell-Stefan equations for a detailed investigation of the influence of multicomponent mass transfer limitations inside the macropores of the heterogeneous catalyst. The model is used for revision of experimental rate data for ETBE synthesis in the literature. The analysis reveals that reverse diffusion of isobutene can occur by strong interaction with ethanol and the catalyst effectiveness factor can exceed unity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180408
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of potassium chloride: The additives ZnCl2, Na6 [(PO3)6] and K4 [Fe(CN)6] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The batch crystallization of potassium chloride from aqueous solution is investigated without impurities, with zinc chloride I (30, 100, 1000 ppm), with sodium hexametaphosphate II (100 ppm) and potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) III (100, 500, 1000, 16 × 25 ppm). The dominant particle size of the pure system LN, D = 427 μm increases by 40% by addition of I and by 250% by addition of II. While I does not affect the habit II changes it from cubes to octahedrons. In cases of low concentration, III leads to dendrites.It is shown that addition of III decelerates growth and increases the metastable zone width. Hence a high supersaturation is formed, the solution impoverishes fast while III gets incorporated and therefore a strong nucleation starts in a relatively pure solution. By quasi-continuously adding 16 × 25 ppm of III the dominant particle size increases by 160% with little fines. In this case the content of III in the product is relatively low.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180502
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adiabatic gas absorption in packed columns with large thermal effects (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 324-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of packed bed adiabatic gas absorbers has been analyzed using the enthalpy and material balance equations incorporating a new parameter, fr, defined as the fraction of the heat of absorption that is accounted for in the gas stream. An experimental programme to evaluate fr was carried out and the data correlated. It was found that fr was dependent on the thermo-physical properties and the hydrodynamic conditions. It is postulated that the mechanism by which this heat transfer occurs is by turbulence at the interface and by entrainment.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180506
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolysis of methane in the presence of hydrogen (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 349-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of methane pyrolysis were studied in a tubular flow reactor in the temperature range 1200 to 1500°C at atmospheric pressure. To avoid excessive carbon formation the reaction time was short and the methane feed was diluted with hydrogen. Ethene, ethyne, benzene and hydrogen were the main gaseous products. Ethane was observed as a product at very low conversions of methane. More than 90% selectivity was obtained for C2 products. The ratio of ethyne to ethene increased with increasing temperature. The yield of C2 products is limited by gas-phase equilibrium at lower temperatures. Formation of carbon was strongly depressed by hydrogen at higher temperatures. The maximum yield of ethyne was found to increase from about 10% to about 50% when the temperature was increased from 1200 to 1500°C, with hydrogen dilution H2: CH4 = 2: 1. A mechanistic reaction model was used to simulate the pyrolysis of methane at the actual conditions. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the elementary reactions which influence the formation and consumption of the species in the model system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180510
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180601
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polydispersity effect in facilitated transport through liquid surfactant membranes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An advancing reaction-front model has been proposed in the present study of facilitated transport through liquid surfactant membranes by taking into consideration a size distribution of emulsion drops. The model takes into account the continuous and outer liquid membrane phase resistances along with diffusion through composite emulsion drops. The effect of various dispersion phenomena on the mass transfer rate of solute has been discussed for two different operating conditions corresponding to different drop size distributions but having the same Sauter mean diameter. Membrane leakage is assumed to be negligible.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180607
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-Stage wiped-film molecular evaporator: Design and application (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the design principles of multistage molecular evaporators with a wiped film which are used for gentle distillation of low-volatility blends of thermolabile materials. The conditions of distillation in an evaporator with a convex evaporation surface are discussed, along with problems relating to the function of the segmented wiper in the formation of the retarded liquid film and the functional principles of closing elements in a multistage evaporator with a single evaporating cylinder and of the built-in entrainment separator in the distillation space, which is designed to retain splashing spray. A TMO 65 three-stage molecular evaporator is described, with an evaporating cylinder having a diameter of 65 mm and a total evaporating area of 0.19 m2. This pilot-plant evaporator can be used in the small-capacity production of specialty chemicals or in technological research as a verification unit for establishing data necessary for the operation of large evaporators. These possible applications are documented by the results obtained on fractionation of various important materials. Fractional distillation of crude monoacylglycerols (M) containing 35 to 55% M afforded concentrates containing over 90% M, at yields of 78 - 95% M in the product fraction. Fractionation of oligomers of higher α-olefins gave distillate cuts with high contents of the respective n-mer, suitable for use as synthetic lubricating oils. Fractionation of polyalkylaromatic residue from the production of monoalkylbenzenes produced a distillate fraction with excellent electrical insulation properties. Finally, purification of technical diane-bis-glycidyl ether yielded over 75% of a product fraction which was found suitable for production of insulating material for electrical equipment operating at voltages of 6 to 15 kV.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180110
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180401
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  • 125
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180101
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  • 126
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    Particle Shapes Produced by Comminution in the Szego Mill (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The shapes of particles produced by comminution in the Szego Mill, a planetary ringroller mill, in different coal grinding operations show that particle shape is dependent on the type of operation, and help explain the breakage mechanisms. Dry grinding produces particles with a low aspect ratio due to interparticle attrition; significant briquetting of fine particles may occur. In slurry grinding flaky particles are produced which are selected for breakage at rates lower than those for granular particles. Similar observations have been made with other materials. Coal-oil-water grinding is accompanied by the formation of coal-oil agglomerates. Their breakage produces uniform particles with a low aspect ratio due to interparticle attrition within the agglomerates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120308
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  • 127
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    The Fragmentation Fractal - a useful descriptor of broken rock (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fragmentation fractal has been used to accurately describe the distribution of rock progeny from single particle breakage events. This paper illustrates the underlying physical significance of the fragmentation fractal and how it may be used as a fundamental tool in understanding rock pulverisation. The experimental determination of the fragmentation fractal is based on the measurement of particle size by project area as given by image analysis. In this format the characteristic length is defined as the square root of projected area. This approach to rock particle size analysis can have advantages over other techniques especially when the mass or number of fragments is small. A brief comparison has been made with size by projected area and the corresponding sieve size of artificial objects of different shape, but equivalent characteristic length. It is suggested that projected area measurements are less sensitive to the influence of particle shape and that this may even aid the comparison of distributions of fragments of significantly different morphologies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120309
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  • 128
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    Editorial (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120402
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  • 129
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    Arrays of Uniform Latex Spheres as Test Objects in Optical Microscopy (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is the purpose of this communication to illustrate the utility of regular arrays of uniform high polymer latex spheres (2-D crystals) as resolution test objects for the optical microscope. Such test specimen slides are easily prepared, inexpensive, and can be quite accurately characterized as to size of the spheres which make up the arrays.Through their use it was possible to experimentally verify the validity of the generalized form of Abbe' s rule (see Eq. (2)) for bright field microscopy.Similarly, it was possible to demonstrate that resolution in dark field microscopy is equal to and can sometimes surpass performance in bright field.Array test objects also hold great promise in the teaching of microscopy. The importance of proper micros topic technique and the difference between resolution and non-resolution, resolution and detection, and the effect of the wavelength of light on resolution are all easily demonstrated through the use of latex arrays.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120403
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  • 130
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120301
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  • 131
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    Particle Size Analysis: A comparative study of various methods (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The particle size distribution of component materials can be important parameter governing the proper function of many industrial products. At present, accurate determination of particle size by currently available methods is difficult for both theoretical and practical reasons. In this paper, some elementary notions regarding particle sizing are reviewed as is the relative performance of commercially available particle sizing instrumentation which could be used for particle size analysis of dry powders. Our results indicate that various particle size instruments yield significantly (even vastly) different particle size distributions for the same material. Without great care on the part of the investigator, the results obtained from any given instrument may not accurately describe the powder in question and thus may cause incorrect technical recommendations. The use of Fraunhofer diffraction instruments on samples containing irregularly shaped small ( 〈 10 μm) particles of low refractive index requires considerable caution.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120503
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