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  • 2020-2023
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (560)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 201
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Operating parameters' effects on the outcome of pure and simple competition between two populations in configurations of two interconnected chemostats (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1006-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: It is known from the literature that two microbial populations competing purely and simply for a common substrate in a spatially inhomogeneous environment may under certain conditions coexist in a steady state. This paper studies pure and simple competition between two microbial species in three alternate configurations of two interconnected ideal chemostats and focuses on the effects of the operating parameters-dilution rate, substrate concentration in the feed to the vessels, recycle ratio, and volume ratio of the two vessels, splitting ratio of the external feed to the chemostats-on the coexistence of the two competitors. It is shown that the coexistence steady state is practically feasible in the sense that it occurs in a finite domain of the operating parameters space. Theoretical and numerical results are presented, some of them in the form of operating diagrams projected on the two-dimensional subspace. A comparison of the three possible configurations is offered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300903
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  • 202
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recovery of penicillin by reactive extraction in centrifugal extractors (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1032-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Penicillin V and/or G were extracted from fermentation broth by Amberlite LA-2 in n-butylacetate at pH 5 in a laboratory centrifugal extractor, Type SA 01 of Westfalia, up to an overall phase throughput rate of 30 L/h, in a bench-scale four-stage extraction system, consisting of Type TA 1 of Westfalia, up to an overall phase throughput rate of 110 L/h, and in a pilot-plant three-stage extraction unit, consisting of Type TA 7 extractors of Westfalia, up to a phase throughput rate of 990 L/h with very high degrees of extraction (up to 99%). The reextraction from the ion-pair complex, which contained organic solvent, was performed by phosphate, borate, or carbonate buffer at pH 7.5-8.5 in all three extractor systems with degrees of extraction up to 98%, but at considerably lower overall phase throughput rates than those of the extraction, since no satisfactory phase separation is possible at higher throughput rates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300906
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  • 203
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes on inorganic supports (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 236-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Commercial cellulase preparations from Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger were immobilized on porous silica glass and ceramics such as alumina and titania with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and on their silanized derivatives with glutaraldehyde (GLUT). The amounts of the immobilized enzymes were in the range 10-50 mg/g carrier (dry) depending on the kind of carrier and immobilization method. Their activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan, aryl-β-glucoside, and aryl-β-xyloside were 3-53% of those of the native enzymes. The optimum pH of the enzymes shifted to the acidic side in most cases, whereas the optimum temperatures were nearly the same as those of native ones. The activity of immobilized enzyme preparations towards CMC did not change significantly during continuous operation over a periods of 60 days. Finally, xylan was hydrolyzed with the immobilized enzymes, and the sugars formed were investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290214
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  • 204
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance of the duckweed species Lemna gibba on municipal wastewater for effluent renovation and protein production (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 258-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An outdoor experiment was conducted in miniponds to evaluate the performance of Lemna gibba, a duckweed species, as a domestic wastewater stripper. Duckweed is one of the floating plants with a high capability of ammonia uptake and assimilation rate into valuable protein. The results indicate that under adequate operational conditions, depending mainly on the organic loading, the effluent quality meets irrigation reuse criteria and protein yield of the duckweed may reach 12 ton/ha per year, far above other conventional field crops.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290217
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  • 205
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oscillatory behavior of β-galactosidase enzyme activity in Escherichia coli during perturbed batch experiments (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290221
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  • 206
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citric acid production using immobilized conidia of Aspergillus niger TMB 2022 (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Conidia of Aspergillus niger TMB 2022 were immobilized in calcium alginate for the production of citric acid. A 1-mL conidia suspension containing ca. 2.32 × 108 conidia were entrapped into sodium alginate solution in order to prepare 3% Ca-alginate (w/v) gel bead. Immobilized conidia were inoculated into productive medium containing 14% sucrose, 0.25% (NH4)2CO3, 0.25% KH2PO4, and 0.025% MgSO4·7H2O with addition of 0.06 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2, 1.3 mg/L FeCl3·6H2O, pH 3.8, and incubated at 35°C for 13 days by surface culture to produce 61.53 g/L anhydrous citric acid. Under the same conditions with a batchwise culture, it was found that immobilized conidia could maintain a longer period for citric acid production (31 days): over 70 g/L anhydrous citric acid from runs No. 2-4, with the maximum yield for anhydrous citric acid reaching 77.02 g/L for run No. 2. In contrast, free conidia maintained a shorter acid-producing phase, ca. 17 days; the maximum yield for anhydrous citric acid was 71.07 g/L for run No. 2 but dropped quickly as the run number increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290302
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  • 207
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulations of host-plasmid interactions in Escherichia coli: Copy number, promoter strength, and ribosome binding site strength effects on metabolic activity and plasmid gene expression (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 316-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mechanistically detailed single-cell model E. coli B/r-A was adapted to simulate the effects of vector presence on cell metabolism. Competition for RNA polymerase between chromosome and plasmid DNA is explicitly included. Distribution of active ribosomes among chromosome- and plasmid-derived messenger RNA, another key facet of host-plasmid interactions, is also treated in detail. Simulations of recombinant cell growth rate and cloned-gene productivity as a function of relative plasmid number per cell agree closely with experimental results. Model prediction of the variation of cell cycle parameters C and D with plasmid number are roughly consistent with available data. Models of this class can be used to simulate changes in productivity resulting from specific alterations in the expression vector. The effects of changing cloned-gene promoter and ribosome binding strengths and of augmenting cell transcription or translation capacity have been studied using the recombinant cell model. Results suggest that cloned-gene expression is limited by cellular transcription capacity. These and other parametric studies, conveniently implemented using the computer cell, provide important guidance for future experiments directed at better understanding of host-plasmid interactions and at optimizing recombinant system productivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290305
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  • 208
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorption of enzymes on krill chitin modified with carbon disulfide (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 352-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Krill chitin modified with carbon disulfide was used as a support of enzymes. The dithiocarbamino groups created after reaction of CS2 with chitinous NH2 can participate in binding the enzymes without denaturation and loss in activity. The stability of these bonds depends on pH and decreases gradually at ionic strengths higher than 0.01. Chitin modified with CS2 can be used as a support for enzymes having high activity at mild conditions of pH and ionic strength.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290309
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  • 209
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioactive polymers XXX. Immobilization of invertase on the diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzoylcellulose (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Invertase was immobilized on diazotized 4-aminobenzoylcellulose. The optimum coupling conditions, namely enzyme concentration, time, and pH, were determined. The temperature and pH value for the maximum activity of the immobilized enzyme were determined and the apparent Michaelis constant was estimated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290312
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  • 210
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single-cell protein from methanol with Enterobacter aerogenes (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An identifiedEnterobacter aerogenesutilizing methanol as a sole carbon source was studied for the optimization of biomass production and the reduction of its nucleic acid content. Results indicated that the highest yield and conversion were obtained at 0.5% methanol. The addition of seawater as a source of trace elements has an adverse effect. However, the addition of urea as source of nitrogen enhanced the growth of E. aerogenes. Heat shock at 60°C for 1 min followed by incubation at 50°C for 2 h caused 72.6% reduction in the nucleic acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290310
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  • 211
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of medium composition on the acetone-butanol fermentation in continuous culture (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of growing Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 8052 in a chemostat under conditions of glucose, NH4+, PO43-, Mg2+, and Fe2+ limitation were examined. It was noted that limitation of any major nutrient resulted in the same fermentation pattern. Conditions where minor nutrient levels were reduced appeared to stimulate solvent production. Under conditions of Mg2+ restriction, a productive solventogenic culture was produced, with a yield of total solvents on glucose of 35.5%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290315
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  • 212
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutaraldehyde activation step in enzyme immobilization on nylon (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290318
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  • 213
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cause and correction of baseline interruptions observed for small-bore liquid chromatography columns packed with cation exchange resin in the H+ form (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300227
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  • 214
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catabolite repression of amylase synthesis in yeast (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Amylase synthesis by the yeasts Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Schwanniomyces castellii and alluvius is repressed by glucose. Steady state continuous culture data for amylase activity, E, biomass concentration, X, and reducing sugar concentration, S, were fitted to the three-parameter catabolite repression model \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{E}{X} = \frac{{[1 + a(S/X)]}}{{[1 + b(S/X)]}}, $\end{document} and biomass productivity, DX, and amylase productivity, DE, were determined for S. castellii and S. alluvius.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300306
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  • 215
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipase reaction in AOT-isooctane reversed micelles: Effect of water on equilibria (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effect of water on equilibria for hydrolytic reaction in reversed micelles has been investigated using lipase as a model enzyme. The effect of water on equilibria has been ignored for hydrolase reactions in an aqueous phase. In a reversed micellar system, however, the equilibrium of the lipase reaction was changed when water was added during the hydrolytic reaction. Furthermore, equilibrium fractional conversion is affected by the initial water concentration, being shifted to higher values with higher water concentrations, with other reaction conditions being held constant, indicating that the reaction should be regarded as a two-substrate process. Equations corresponding to a two-substrate, second-order reversible model are derived and used for further analysis. The progress curves predicted from the rate equations agree very well with the experimental results under various reaction conditions. The values of the molar ratio of water to surfactant (R) which maximize the initial reaction rate and maximum fractional conversion is predictable from the derived rate equations and the resulting relationship between R and the kinetic constants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300309
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  • 216
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous assay of neuraminidase activity by a bienzyme system immobilized in an artificial membrane (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 160-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Lactate dehydrogenase and NANA-lyase were immobilized in an artificial gelantine membrane. This bienzyme system was used for continuous assay of neuraminidase activity. The K′m of the active membrane for lactate dehydrogenase and NANA-lyase using NADH, pyruvic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrates were found to be 0.25mM, 0.75mM, and 2.1mM, respectively. The Km of soluble neuraminidase using sialyllactose as substrate was found to be 0.13 mM. The pH optimum for neuraminidase activity was 6.0. At 45°C the reaction rate was higher, and no denaturation phenomena of the immobolized enzymes have been observed. This bienzyme membrane was stable for several weeks stored in the reaction buffer at 4°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300204
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  • 217
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vanadium containing bromoperoxidase: An example of an oxidoreductase with high operational stability in aqueous and organic mediaSend all correspondence to Ms. G. E. E. van Noppen, F.I.L., Publications Secretary, Laoratory of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 20151, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 607-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The conversion is described of phenolsulphonephtalein (phenol red) to 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromophenolsulphonephthalein (bromophenol blue) by bromoper-oxidase from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. This reaction provides a convenient assay for the detection of bromoperoxidase activity in vitro. Bromoperoxidase was shown to be stable under turnover conditions for three weeks at room temperature, catalyzing the bromination of phenol red into bromophenol blue. When stored at room temperature in organic sol vents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol [present up to 60% (v/v)], and 1-propanol [40% (v/v)], bromoperoxidase was stable for more than one month. As far as we know this is the first example of an oxidoreductase which displays such great stability. This enhances the applicability of the enzyme in organic synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300504
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  • 218
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The modeling and analysis of the elution stage of biospecific adsorption in fixed beds (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 638-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model that describes the dynamic behavior of the elution stage of biospecific adsorption (affinity chromatography) in a fixed bed is developed and solved. Both non-selective and selective elution methods are considered. The results show that the duration of the elution stage for a given bed length decreases as the value of the Porath parameter for elution increases. The concentrating effect of the elution stage on the adsorbate of interest increases as the bed length and the value of the Porath parameter for elution increase. It is shown that it is inappropriate to assume that the eluent is infinitely fast distributed within the pores of the particles, and an interesting result involving a local maximum in the effluent concentration of the selective eluent is obtained when the direction of flow in the elution stage is the same as in the adsorption and wash stages and the bed length is large. When the direction of flow during elution is opposite (as compared to being the same) to that employed in the adsorption and wash stages, a shorter total elution time is obtained. The advantage gained with a reversed flow increases as the bed length decreases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300508
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  • 219
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic studies of amylase and biomass production by calvatia gigantea (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 681-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300514
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  • 220
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290101
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  • 221
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new method to determine active enzyme distribution, effective diffusivity, rate constant for main reaction and rate constant for deactivation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 545-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new method is presented to determine (1) the rate constant for the main reaction, (2) the rate constant for deactivation, (3) the effective diffusivity, and (4) the active enzyme distribution within a porous solid support by utilizing data of bulk substrate concentration versus time in a continuous stirred basket reactor. The method relies on an assumption of parallel deactivation mechanism with strong pore diffusional resistance with respect to substrate species. The data of hydrogen peroxide-immobilized catalase published in the literature are used to demonstrate the theory. A parameter determination procedure is also presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290502
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  • 222
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of a broad-host range plasmid on growth dynamics of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 558-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Host-plasmid interactions were studied for the broad-host range plasmid, pTJS26, a derivative of RK2. To isolate host and plasmid contributions to the growth dynamics and plasmid stability, separate experiments were performed with host and recombinant cells for two different gram-negative hosts, Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli, at two different temperatures, 30 and 37°C. At the lower temperature (30°C) the growth kinetics were not affected by the plasmid, but plasmid instability was observed. At the higher temperature (37°C) growth rates and yields were lower than that for the hosts, but the plasmid was stable. This behavior can be explained by a combination of two phenomena. First, the copy number control mechanism may be temperature sensitive and, second, plasmid segregation may be inefficient. For both E. coli and P. putida the growth dynamics of the recombinant system was dictated by the presence of the plasmid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290504
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  • 223
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The macrokinetic behavior of an enzymatic system with an enzyme inactivated in the reaction (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This study deals with the behavior of a heterogeneous multisubstrate enzymatic system under enzyme inactivation in a reaction. Electronic computer modeling data have been obtained for its macrokinetics at different modes: (1) under mixed inflow of the substrates and (2) under their spatial separation. The enzymatic membrane exhibits low sensitivity to a change in the external conditions as the substrates are intermixed on the boundary. Quite the contrary, in the case of spatial separation of the substrates, the product flow from the membrane has displayed abrupt fluctuations at different boundary conditions. This work also looks into the arrangement of the reaction zones in the membrane and their transitions under different conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290511
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  • 224
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of milk coagulation: III. Mathematical modeling of the kinetics of curd formation following enzymatic hydrolysis of κ-casein - parameter estimation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 601-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A step function model of milk micelle agglomeration is proposed to explain the observed kinetics of milk clotting following rennet addition. The model ties together the primary and secondary phases of coagulation. The basis of the model is that no micelle flocculation takes place until ca. 75% of the κ-casein in the milk is hydrolyzed, at which time flocculation occurs rapidly and the rate limiting step for the clotting process shifts to the κ-casein hydrolysis reaction. Using such a model, it is possible to explain the clotting kinetics for both rapidly denaturing enzymes and stable enzyme systems. The average rate of the flocculation reaction can be obtained from clotting time-versus-reciprocal-enzyme-concentration data by extrapolating the data to infinite enzyme concentration. The critical conversion required for imminent flocculation can be found by extrapolating the enzyme concentration to zero. This approach indicates that the critical conversion necessary for gelation is temperature dependent changing from a limiting value of essentially 100% hydrolysis at temperatures below 15°C to only 60% conversion at temperatures above 30°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290509
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  • 225
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of inoculum size on ethanol inhibition modeling and other fermentation parameters (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 633-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of inoculum size on the kinetics of ethanol fermentation are not well defined in the literature. The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of the initial cell concentration on the modeling of ethanol inhibition. Experimental results show that increasing the inoculum level decreases the severity of ethanol inhibition. The effect of cell concentration can be related to the different inhibitory effects of autogeneously produced versus extracellularly added ethanol. On this basis, it is concluded that the extracellular ethanol concentration in the fermentation media is not the only variable to account for product inhibition modeling. Other fermentation parameters, such as yields and maintenance coefficients, are presented at different levels of initial cell concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290512
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  • 226
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of copy number using HPLC (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 646-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290514
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  • 227
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carrier-mediated transport across phospholipid composite membranes using monensin as pH-dependent carrier (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 652-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290516
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  • 228
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of various glucose esters via lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucose pentaacetate (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 648-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: β-D(+)-Glucose pentaacetate was hydrolyzed both chemically and enzymatically. In contrast to the alkaline hydrolysis, esterase-catalyzed deacetylations afforded significant accumulation of intermediate glucose esters at different degrees of substrate conversion. Aspergillus niger lipase, the most suitable of the four enzymes tested, was used for preparative hydrolysis of glucose pentaacetate. As a result, gram quantities of pure glucose-2,3,4,6-tetraacetate, glucose triacetate (a mixture of two positional isomers, 2,4,6- and 3,4,6-), and glucose-4,6-diacetate were prepared.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290515
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  • 229
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time-dependent inactivation of immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 705-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Homogeneous membranes containing immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase were stored in buffered solutions at 37°C to determine the mechanisms and rates of catalyst inactivation. The experiments were designed so that inactivation occurred homogeneously throughout the membrane, thereby simplifying the analysis. The mechanism of inactivation is consistent with the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and certain catalytic intermediates of both enzymes. Based on this information, numerical simulations were developed that incorporate spatially heterogeneous catalytic and inactivation processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290607
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  • 230
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coexistence of bacteria and feeding ciliates: Growth of bacteria on autochthonous substrates as a stabilizing factor for coexistence (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 714-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: There is good evidence that the specific feeding and growth rates of a population of suspension-feeding ciliates on a population of bacteria is described by the classic Monod model or something very like it. However, use of this model combined with the assumption that feeding of the ciliates is the only interaction between the populations leads to predictions grossly at variance with experimental observations. A second interaction between the populations, growth of the bacteria on products of lysis, and perhaps metabolism of the ciliates is known to occur and might be an important factor in determining the dynamics of ciliate-bacterial systems. Whether or not this is the case is examined in the present article. It is concluded that accounting for the second interaction does not remove the discrepancies between model predictions and experimental observations. It is concluded also that the second interaction is likely not important except in batchtype situations where the supply of available energy for supporting biological activity is not replenished.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290608
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  • 231
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of steam explosion as a method for increasing susceptibility of sugarcane bagasse to enzymatic saccharification (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 733-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The technique of autohydrolysis steam explosion was examined as a means for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. Treatment conditions were optimized so that following enzymatic hydrolysis, pretreated bagasse would give 65.1 g sugars/100 g starting bagasse. Released sugars comprised 38.9 g glucose, 0.6 g cellobiose, 22.1 g xylose, and 3.5 g arabinose, and were equivalent to 83% of the anhydroglucan and 84% of the anhydroxylan content of untreated bagasse. Optimum conditions were treatment for 30 S with saturated steam at 220°C with a water-to-solids ratio of 2 and the addition of 1 g H2SO4/100 g dry bagasse. Bagasse treated in this manner was not inhibitory to fermentation by Saccharomyces uvarum except at low inoculum levels when fermentation time was extended by up to 24 h. Pretreated saccharified bagasse was inhibitory to Pachysolen tannophilus and this was attributed to the formation of acetate from the hydrolysis of acetyl groups present in hemicellulose. The major advantage of the pretreatment is the achievement of high total sugar yield with moderate enzyme requirement and only minor losses due to sugar decomposition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290610
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  • 232
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Examination of substrate and product inhibition kinetics on the production of ethanol by suspended and immobilized cell reactors (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 639-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Kinetic expressions for the fermentative production of relatively high concentrations [12% (w/v)] of ethanol have been examined. Several expressions which account for both substrate and product inhibition have been formulated, and have been applied to suspended cell and immobilized cell reactors. Experimental data have been used to validate the kinetic expressions used, and the impact of combined inhibition on optimal reactor configuration has been assessed. The process implications of combined substrate and product inhibition for suspended and immobilized cell systems have been discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290513
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  • 233
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol fermentation of corn starch digested by Chalara paradoxa amylase without cookingStudies on the Novel raw starch-digesting amylase were obtained from Chalara paradoxa (part 6.) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 729-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Alcohol fermentation of corn starch without cooking was performed by using Chalara paradoxa glucoamylase preparation, which had stronger raw starch digesting activity than those of the conventionally known glucoamylases. A raw corn starch-enzyme-yeast mixture was fermented optimally at pH 5.0 and 30°C for five days and produced ethanol. The yields of ethanol were between 63.5 and 86.8% of the theoretical value by baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and between 81.1 and 92.1% of the theoretical value by sake yeast (Saccharomyces sake).
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290609
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  • 234
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by continuous cultures of Thiobacillus denitrificans (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 753-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290613
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  • 235
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of plasmid instability in amylase-producing B. subtilis using continuous culturePresented at the Seventh International Conference on Global Impacts of Applied Microbiology, August 12-16, 1985, Helsinki, Finland. (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 859-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Continuous culture was employed to study plasmid instability in an amylase-producing Bacillus subtilis 1A289 that was genetically manipulated. No true steady state could be obtained with 1A289(pEAA)-strain (plasmid)-due to its structural instability, which occurred both with glucose and Maltrin-100 as limiting carbon sources. The plasmid, pEAA (CmR, amy+, i.e., chloramphenicol resistant, amylase positive) degenerated into a smaller plasmid, pEAA1 (CMR, amy-) that was stable. There was a direct correlation between amylase-producing ability and this structural instability since famy (fraction of cells with amylase-producing ability) reached zero at the same time that f (fraction of cells that are resistant to chloramphenicol) reached its maximum level. Since the deletion in pEAA was larger than the original amylase-gene insert, either all of part of the insert is absent from pEAA1. Though on discernible change in 1A289(pHV33), where pHV33 is the vector plasmid, was observed during continuous cultivation, its behavior was different from that of the stable 1A289(pEAA1).
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290708
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  • 236
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethanol fermentation by ionically adsorbed Zymomomas mobilis: Environmental effects on cell immobilization (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1045-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Batch ethanol fermentation by cells of Zymomomas mobilis ATCC 29191, ionically adsorbed on a DEAE-cellulose ion exchanger, was investigated in a stirred fermentor. Adsorption isotherms in different media were determined and used to interpret the effects of the environment on cell immobilization. Other factors affecting cell immobilization during an actual fermentation were studied. Mechanical agitation was found to cause detachment of cells from the ion exchange particles. The results suggest that the amount of cells adsorbed during a fermentation process is different from that found from adsorption isotherm data. Consequently, application of equilibrium adsorption data to actual fermentations should be done with caution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290902
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  • 237
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppression of pyritic sulphur during flotation tests using the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Environmental concern about sulphur dioxide emissions has led to the examination of the possibility of removing pyritic sulphur from coal prior to combustion during froth flotation, a routine method for coal cleaning at the pit-head. The bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was effective in leaching 80% and 63% -53 μm pyrite at 2% and 6% pulp density in shake flasks in 240 and 340 h, respectively.The natural floatability of pyrite was significantly reduced in the Hallimond tube following 2.5 min of conditioning in membrane-filtered bacterial liquor prior to flotation. The suppression effect was greatly enhanced in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. A bacterial suspension in pH 2.0 distilled water showed 85% suppression, whereas in spent growth liquor this value was 95%. The optimum bacterial density was 3.25 × 1010 cells/g pyrite in 230-ml distilled water (2% pulp density) in the Hallimond tube. The degree of suppression by the cells was related to particle size but not to pH or temperature. The sulphur content of a synthetic coal/pyrite mixture was reduced from 10.9 to 2.1% by flotation after bacterial preconditioning. It is postulated that pyrite removal in coals which are cleaned by froth flotation could be significantly reduced using a bacterial preconditioning stage with a short residence time of 2.5 min.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300102
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  • 238
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of activated sludge by PVA-boric acid method (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 52-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new method (polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method) for an inexpensive and effective immobilization of activated sludge was developed. Using activated sludge immobilized by this PVA-boric acid method, synthetic waste-water was treated at a high loading rate of 0.5-2.35 kg TOC/m3 day. Total organic carbon and total nitrogen were removed at efficiencies of 93 and 30-40%, respectively. The kinetic constants Y and b for this immobilized activated-sludge process were determined to be 0.594g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/g TOC and 0.0219 day-1, respectively. The cost calculation of chemicals required for the immobilization of activated sludge by this PVA-boric acid method was proved to be extremely inexpensive for the immobilization of activated sludge.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300108
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  • 239
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling mass transfer and agitator performance in multiturbine fermentors (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A methodology for mathematically analyzing agitator performance and mass transfer in large multiturbine production fermentors is presented. The application of this approach provides a method for determining axial dissolved oxygen profiles under conditions of known mass transfer rates as a function of agitation-aeration characteristics. A stagewise approach is used which divides the fermentor into a series of mixing cells. This allows for each turbine and mixing cell to be individually optimized. The model also permits the determination of the mass transfer coefficient for each turbine based upon limited dissolved oxygen data. The primary limitation of this approach rests in the limited data and correlations available for multiturbine systems. The structure of the modelling approach can serve as a basis for testing single turbine correlations and adapting them to multiturbine systems. The step-by-step details of the mathematical analysis are presented and interpreted. A series of computer simulations demonstrate the effect of typical fermentor operating variables on the axial dissolved oxygen profile. Further simulations demonstrate the effect of modifying agitator blade numbers on the dissolved oxygen profile and agitator power requirement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300107
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  • 240
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae under high-pressure conditions (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 74-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A research project was initiated to examine the possibility of using supercritical carbon dioxide for in situ recovery of ethanol during its production by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a preliminary step, it was necessary to study the behavior of ethanol production under high-pressure conditions, up to 7 MPa (1000 psi). The results show that pressure has a significant inhibiting effect on the production of ethanol. There is a significant decrease in the initial rate of production as well as in the final ethanol concentration as pressure is increased. This decrease is more significant when carbon dioxide is used to pressurize the fermentor. The pressure affects the ability of the cells to produce ethanol in a reversible way. When the fermentor is returned to atmospheric conditions, the reaction resumes its normal fermentation rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300111
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  • 241
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation to ethanol of pentose-containing spent sulphite liquor (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1144-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Ethanolic fermentation of spent sulphite liquor with ordinary bakers' yeast is incomplete because this yeast cannot ferment the pentose sugars in the liquor. This results in poor alcohol yields, and a residual effluent problem By using the yeast Candida shehatae (R) for fermentation of the spent sulphite liquor from a large Canadian alcohol-producing sulphite pulp and paper mill, pentoses as well as hexoses were fermented nearly completely, alcohol yields were raised by 33%, and sugar removal increased by 46%. Inhibitors were removed prior to fermentation by steam stripping. Major benefits were obtained by careful recycling of this yeast, which was shown to be tolerant both of high sugar concentrations and high alcohol concentrations. When sugar concentrations over 250 g/L (glucose: xylose 70:30) were fermented, ethanol became an inhibitor when its concentration reached 90 g/L. However, when the ethanol was removed by low-temperature vacuum distillation, fermentation continued and resulted in a yield of 0.50 g ethanol/g sugar consumed. Further improvement was achieved by combining enzyme saccharification of sugar oligomers with fermentation. This yeast is able to ferment both hexoses and pentoses simultaneously, efficiently, and rapidly. Present indications are that it is well suited to industrial operations wherever hexoses and pentoses are both to be fermented to ethanol, for example, in wood hydrolysates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290915
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  • 242
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of controlled aeration on glycerol production in a sulphite process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1173-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290919
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  • 243
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300101
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  • 244
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling biofilm kinetics for a low-loaded expanded-bed anaerobic reactor (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effect of surface coverage of biomass on biofilm kinetics in an expanded-bed, granular activated carbon an aerobic reactor was evaluated. Acetate was used as the sole organic carbon source. An assumption of 10% surface coverage of biofilm was examined and compared to 100% coverage. Best estimated values of ka and Ksa did not differ significantly from one case to the other. The confidence region analysis also showed that the biofilm was fully penetrated in the expanded-bed reactor for the case of 10% coverage, as well as when 100% coverage was assumed. Because the biofilm was fully penetrated, a model having no internal diffusion resistance and using the best estimates of ka and Ksa obtained from the 10 and 100% coverage assumptions was capable of giving good predictions of effluent acetate concentrations for an in dependent experiment having a reduced liquid detention time. Consideration of biofilm surface-loading criteria demonstrated how the results can be applied to other reactors for the purpose of predicting when the extent of surface coverage and internal diffusion resistance are not significant factors in biofilm modeling.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300104
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  • 245
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mixing and power characteristics of drag board device in shallow pool (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 60-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Mixing and stirring of a 20-m2 shallow pool by means of a drag board device has been investigated. The board closes the pool cross section except for a slit of a few centimeters above the bottom, and it is slowly moved back and forth, forcing the water to run through the slit and thereby creating a turbulent backwhirl. Power drawn and the drag on the board has been measured together with the velocities of the water at different locations in the wake of the board. Power number Np has been correlated with the Reynolds NRe and the bottom clearance numbers Nc by the expressions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ N_p = 13,465N_{\rm Re}^{-0.774} N_c^{0.1016} N_{\rm Re} 〈 80.000\\N_p = 5.4N_{\rm Re}^{-0.0863} N_c^{0.104} N_{\rm Re} 〉 80.000 $$\end{document} Power and Reynolds numbers are defined as usual with the square root of the board-immersed-area as the characteristic length. The bottom clearance number is defined as the ratio of the water depth in the pool to the difference between water depth and the board width immersed in water. Flow pattern behind the board consists of large vortex loops causing the fluid to circulate from bottom to top and producing a thorough mixing effect. The drag board seems to have several advantages over conventional paddle wheels for the mixing and stirring of algal cultures in shallow ponds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300109
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  • 246
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cadmium accumulation by a Citrobacter sp. immobilized on gel and solid supports: Applicability to the treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metal cations (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 66-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. removed cadmium from flows supplemented with glycerol 2-phosphate, the metal uptake mechanism being mediated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase that precipitates liberated inorganic phosphate with heavy metals at the cell surface. The constraints of elevated flow rate and temperature were investigated and the results discussed in terms of the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Loss in activity with respect to cadmium accumulation but not inorganic phosphate liberation was observed at acid pH and was attributed to the pH-dependent solubility of cadmium photsphate. Similarly high concentrations of chloride ions, and traces of cyanide inhibited cadmium uptake and this was attributed to the ability of these anions to complex heavy metals, especially the ability of CN- to form complex anions with Cd2+. The data are discussed in terms of the known chemistry of chloride and cyanide-cadmium complexes and the relevance of these factors in the treatment of metal-containing liquid wastes is discussed. The cells immobilized in polyacrylamide provided a convenient small-scale laboratory model system. It was found that the Citrobacter sp. could be immobilized on glass supports with no chemical treatment or modification necessary. Such cells were also effective in metal accumulation and a prototype system more applicable to the treatment of metal-containing streams on a larger scale is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300110
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  • 247
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Matrix method for determining steps most rate-limiting to metabolic fluxes in biotechnological processes (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The metabolic control theory developed by Kacser, Burns, Heinrich, and Rapoport is briefly outlined, extended, and transformed so as optimally to address some biotechnological questions. The extensions include (i) a new theorem that relates the control of metabolite concentrations by enzyme activities to flux ratios at branches in metabolic pathways; (ii) a new theorem that does the same for the control of the distribution of the flux over two branches; (iii) a method that expresses these controls into properties (the so-called elasticity coefficients) of the enzymes in the pathway; and (iv) a theorem that relates the effects of changes in metabolite concentrations on reaction rates to the effects of changes in enzyme properties on the same rates. Matrix equations relating the flux control and concentration control coefficients to the elasticity coefficients of enzymes in simple linear and branched pathways incorporating feedback are given, together with their general solutions and a numerical example. These equations allow one to develop rigorous criteria by which to decide the optimal strategy for the improvement of a microbial process. We show how this could be used in deciding which property of which enzyme should be changed in order to obtain the maximal concentration of a metabolite or the maximal metabolic flux.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300115
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  • 248
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Forced-flow electrophoresis of proteins and viruses (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 123-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This article describes a model for forced-flow electrophoresis (FFE), considering the desired species fraction removal, other fraction removals, and outlet concentrations of all species in the system. The model predicts the necessary inlet flow rate of the retentate chamber and the rate of filtration and the voltage gradient and also provides an appropriate heat balance permitting consideration of possible heat denaturation of the species. The equipment consists of two membranes and a filter, the electric field being imposed by means of external electrodes, and two fractions are obtainable. The main discriminating factor is not the pore sizes of the filter but the relative solute ionization, which depends on the pH and the ionic strength of the buffer solution. Serum proteins (albumin, γ-globulin) and bacteriophages (M13, MS2, φX174) have been used to characterize the separation process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300118
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  • 249
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The electrochemical regeneration of NAD+ revisited (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An actual yield of 99.97% (i.e., 3000 potential regenerating cycles) has been obtained for the electrochemical regeneration of NAD+. The deactivation of the coenzyme is not related to the number of cycles; it is only time dependent. For biotechnological applications, these results show that electrochemical regeneration can compete with enzymatic regeneration for selective oxidation by dehydrogenases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300203
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  • 250
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of a fertilizer-tap water medium for mass algal production in outdoor plastic-enclosed systems (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The feasibility of using two fertilizers (urea plus superphosphate) in tap water as a medium for the mass culture of green algae (Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus) in outdoor plastic-enclosed minipond systems was investigated. Experiments in which the basic fertilizer-tap water medium was enriched with micro- and/or macronutrients revealed no nutrient deficiency symptoms in the algal biomass produced. Biomass production was found to be quantitatively related to the concentration of fertilizer added and maximal production (〉 15 g/m2 day) was achieved following the addition of 30 mg N/L (1.89 g N/m2 day) and 4.5 mg P/L (0.28 g P/m2/day).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300202
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  • 251
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of some methods of estimating volumetric mass-transfer coefficients in an external-loop airlift fermenter (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Volumetric mass-transfer coefficients were measured in an 11-L external-loop airlift fermenter with deionized water, a fermentation medium, and during a fermentation. Both a Mackareth oxygen electrode and a novel rapid-response probe were used. When the conventional step-change dynamic method was used for water, the long, nonlinear response time of the Mackareth electrode made correction of its readings difficult; this problem did not occur when the rapid-response probe was used. A comparison was made with a method of mass-transfer coefficient determination which does not involve any assumptions about the gas residence time distribution. However, this method requires that the liquid phase is well-mixed and this requirement was not met in the airlift fermenter. Comparison of the present results with other KL a determinations for airlift fermenters showed that KL a in water depends on the active gas holdup, the value of KL a/∊ at 20°C being ca. 0.37 s-1. Although higher gas holdups were obtained with the fermentation medium than for water, the values of KL a/∊ were lower, ca. 0.22 s-1 at 20°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300207
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  • 252
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Co-operative binding interactions in affinity chromatography: Theoretical considerations (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 208-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A theoretical relationship has been developed to allow the effect of free ligand concentration on the capacity of an affinity Chromatography matrix to be determined where the protein adsorbed shows co-operative binding. Computer simulations using literature values for association constants show that under optimal conditions resin capacity can be increased significantly in the presence of a small but finite concentration of free ligand. The model also allows prediction of the soluble ligand concentration required for biospecific elution. The results obtained suggest the possibility of a new elution technique, “reverse biospecific elution,” that reduces the amount of free ligand required to effect elution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300210
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  • 253
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel anaerobic gas-lift reactor (AGLR) with retention of biomass: Start-up routine and establishment of hold up (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A start-up routine for a novel type of anaerobic gas-lift reactor using sand as support particles for Bacterial adhesion and involving a dilution rate shift-up is shown to result in rapid formation of mixed-culture aggregates from freely suspended cells. Formation of aggregates changed the general metabolism from acetate-butyrate production to acetate-propionate production. This change is attributed to a selection by washout, favoring propionate-producing bacteria with superior adhesive properties. Sand is shown to be essential in establishing, but not in sustaining, elevated holdup ratios. The importance of maintenance processes and cellular lysis in deeper parts of aggregates are manifest from a reduced effluent biomass concentration and a pronounced production of valeric acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300213
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  • 254
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gibberellic acid by solid state fermentation: Consistent and improved yields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Five strains each of Gibberella fujikuroi and Fusarium monoliforme were screened to select G. fujikuroi P-3, a strain capable of giving consistent production of gibberellic acid (GA3) by solid state fermentation (SSF). The comparative production of GA3 by SSF and submerged fermentation (SmF) indicated better productivity with the former technique. The accumulation of GA3 was 1.626 times higher in the case of SSF. On the basis of available carbohydrates in the media, the percent conversions were 0.096 and 0.156 in SmF and SSF, respectively. The use of coarse wheat bran of the particle size of 0.3-0.4 cm resulted in an increase of 2.5 times in the yield of GA3. The enrichment of commercial wheat bran with soluble starch gave enhanced accumulation to an extent of 3.5 times. The relation between GA3 production and cell growth in SSF was similar to that encountered in SmF. The consistent and improved yields to a tune of 1.22 g GA3 per kilogram dry moldy bran (DMB) establish the potential and feasibility of SSF for the production of GA3 by G. fujikuroi P-3. On preliminary cost analysis, a net savings of about 60% and 50% on fermentation medium cost and the expenditure on down-stream processing, respectively, as compared to the presently employed SmF technique was evident.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300217
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  • 255
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic study and mathematical modeling of methanogenesis of acetate using pure cultures of methanogens (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 661-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Kinetics of methanogenesis from acetate was studied using pure cultures of Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina mazei. Methane formation was found to be associated with cell growth. Nearly equimolar methane was produced from acetate during the methanogenic growth, and about 1.94 g of cells were formed from each mole of acetate consumed. Cell growth can be estimated from methane production. Significant substrate inhibition was found when acetate concentration was higher than 0.12 M. Among the three methanogenic strains studied, M. mazei strain S6 had the highest specific growth rate at all acetate concentrations studied and was least sensitive to environmental factors investigated (e.g., acetate concentration). The maximum specific growth rate found for strain S6 was 0.022 hr-1 at acetic acid concentration around 7 g/L. The other two strains studied were M. barkeri strain 227 and strain MS. Growth of M. barkeri was completely inhibited at sodium acetate concentrations higher than 0.24 M. The maximum specific growth rate found for strains 227 and MS was 0.019 and 0.021 h-1 at acetic acid concentrations of 3.6 and 6.8 g/L, respectively. A kinetic model with substrate inhibition was developed and can be used to simulate the methane formation from M. mazei strain S6 grown on acetate at 35°C, pH 7.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300510
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  • 256
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous ethanol production from D-xylose by Candida shehatae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 685-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300515
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  • 257
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous cellulase production by immobilized Sporotrichum cellulophilum and continuous saccharification of bagasse (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 697-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Immobilized Sporotrichum cellulophilum with nonwoven materials was cultured continuously by a rotating-disk fermentor to supply cellulase into the saccharification system. The filter paper activity (5.0) was retained after 696 h under conditions of 250 rpm stirring and 0.014 h-1 dilution rate. The product of the culture was supplied continuously to the saccharification reactor and used for the saccharification of bagasse. A glucose solution of ca. 0.9% was obtained continuously from 5% bagasse slurry during 610 h saccharification by this method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300602
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  • 258
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling the kinetics of immobilized glucose oxidase (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 724-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Determination of glucose concentrations in fluids frequently requires the application of immobilized glucose oxidase. An accurate description of the immobilized enzyme kinetics is critical for such applications. In this study, the overall rate of reaction of immobilized glucose oxidase is investigated theoretically. A novel steady-state model based on a ping-pong kinetic mechanism for glucose oxidase is developed. Numerical studies are used to examine the parameter sensitivity of this model. The enzyme loading, matrix thickness and geometric con figuration are found to have a significant influence on substrate uptake by insolubilized glucose oxidase.Aditionally, this new model is compared with a previously developed model based on an alternative ping-pong kinetic mechanism. Under steady-state conditions, no significant difference between the two models is apparent when appropriate kinetic parameters are applied to each of the models. The model developed herein is also compared with models utilizing the simplifying assumption of Michaelis-Mented kinetics for substrate reaction. Numerical studies indicate that under most realizable biological conditions, a model based on ping-pong kinetics should be applied to accurately describe substrate uptake by immobilized glucose oxidase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300605
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  • 259
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mathematical modelization of a packed-bed reactor performance with immobilized yeast for ethanol fermentation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 836-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The performance of a continuous vertical packed-bed reactor with yeast immobilized in carrageenan gel beads is reported. The study focuses on the mathematical modelling of the steady-state fermentor behavior by means of a tanks-in-series model which includes the intrinsic kinetic model and the external mass transfer and internal diffusion-reaction conditions in the beads.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300705
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  • 260
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Harvesting of Scenedesmus obliquus in wastewaters: Auto- or bioflocculation? (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 852-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Autoflocculation and bioflocculation are considered to be the most promising means for the economical harvesting of microalgae. We have therefore studied these phenomena with cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus produced during biological tertiary wastewater treatment. The quantity of extracellular polymers produced during ageing of the cultures proved insufficient to initiate bio-flocculation while the concentration of Ca2+ and PO43- of the treated effluent were too low to induce autoflocculation. It has been shown, however, that the algae sediment more readily upon ageing, possibly as a result of increased ceil density. The use of density gradients made with Percoll (a colloidal solution of silica particles) allowed measurement of the true cell density and showed that this increases when cultures enter the declining growth phase. The quality of the biomass thus harvested is, however, considerably impaired, protein content decreasing from 62.7% (dry wt) during the exponential growth phase (day 5) to 14% at the end of cultures (day 21).
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300707
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  • 261
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantification of the degree of acclimation of a mixed culture to an industrial landfill leachate (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 754-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Quantification of the degree of acclimation of a mixed culture is demonstrated. An industrial landfill leachate was used as a model mixed substrate. The biodegradable fraction, the specific rate of substrate uptake, and the apparent reaction order were measured. The method of acclimation did not appear to affect the biodegradable fraction. The apparent reaction order is shown to be related to the difference between the rates of uptake of the various leachate components. This difference is defined as the differential in the rate. The effects of a supple mental carbon source and different inocula were investigated. Addition of glucose tends to diminish the differential but also decreases the specific rate of substrate uptake. The outcome of an acclimation procedure is dependent on the quality of the inoculum; however, a poor inoculum does not preclude an acclimation that yields a superior culture. A normalized rate coefficient is shown to have merit as an indicator of the degree of acclimation. Two microorganisms were isolated, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. Iwoffi and Moraxella sp., that could grow axenically with the leachate as their sole source of carbon. Comparisons are made between pure and mixed cultures with regard to biodegradable fraction, specific rate of substrate uptake, and apparent reaction order.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300608
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  • 262
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A dual fermentation process for the production of aliphatic acids (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 784-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300612
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  • 263
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A description of microbial growth on gaseous alkenes in a chemostat culture (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 799-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300616
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  • 264
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Substrate protection of immobilized glucose isomerase (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 817-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Using commercial immobilized glucose isomerase (SWETASE®, Nagase Co.), the effect of substrate protection on enzyme deactivation has been studied in a batch manner. The data analysis was carried out based on Briggs-Haldane kinetics in which enzyme deactivation accompanying the protection of substrates was also considered. The protection factor was proposed to elucidate the dependence of the degree of substrate protection. The existence of the protection of glucose isomerase by the substrates has been verified experimentally. Also, the enzyme-substrate complex deactivates with a decay constant which is one-half that of the free enzyme. Theoretical analysis of enzyme deactivation with substrate protection offers an effective understanding which is essential for enzyme replacement and process optimization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300703
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  • 265
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of culture phasing and a polysaccharide on production of xylanase by mixed culture of trichoderma reesei D1-6 and aspergillus wentii Pt 2804 (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 868-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A significant increase in extracellular xylanase activity was observed in the mixed culture fermentation of Trichoderma reesei D1-6 and Aspergillus wentii Pt 2804 when A. wentii inoculation was phased by 15 h. A. wentii produced a polysaccharide, chiefly consisting of glucose monomeric units, which was required for expression of maximum xylanase activity. Expression of high activity of xylanase in the A. wentii phased mixed culture compared to that in either T. reesei or A. wentii single cultures appeared to be controlled by the combined action of a polysaccharide produced by A. wentii and the relative growth of the two fungi in the mixed culture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300709
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  • 266
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellulase immobilized on poly-L-glutamic acid (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Cellulase (Cellulosin AC-8) was immobilized on poly-L-glutamic acid. This immobilized cellulase (IC) is water soluble in the neutral and alkaline solutions, where IC has the activity, while IC can be made insoluble by lowering the pH so that it can be recovered from the reaction mixture with its activity. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be 5.5 and 55°C, respectively. The stability of IC against change in the pH and temperature was improved by the immobilization. Solvolysis of 3N-NaOH-treated cellulose, with IC under the optimum conditions found here, led to the production of low-molecular-weight compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290203
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  • 267
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biodehalogenation of bromotrichloromethane and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane by Pseudomonas putida PpG-786 (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Biodehalogenation of 10-5 M concentrations of bromotrichloromethane (BTM) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was studied in static cultures of Pseudomonas putida PpG-786. The experimental cultures were prepared by growing P. putida on camphor, which is known to induce the synthesis of high concentrations of cytochrome P-450 in this bacterium. Measurements of bromide ion release were found to be approximately consistent with the amounts of halocarbon degraded. Gas chromatography/elctron capture detection (GC/ECD) measurements of hydrocarbon degradation products as a function of incubation time showed the transitory appearance of chloroform and bromodichloromethane from BTM and the transitory appearance of lower boiling but unidentified products from DBCP. The degradation of BTM to trihalomethanes and the halide ion is consistent with the enzymatic reductive dehalogenation by cytochrome P-450 reported by others. The dependence of initial conversion rates on halocarbon concentration (0.1-2 ppm) and cell mass concentration (1-28 g cell/L) was determined by measuring the decline of parent halocarbon in stirred batch cell suspensions. The rate of DBCP conversion was up to 10-fold higher than the rate of BTM conversion. When the intracellular, enzyme-catalyzed conversion BTM is analyzed by the effectiveness factor of heterogeneous catalysis, the initial conversion rates measured suggest that intrinsic enzyme kinetics, rather than halocarbon permeation of the cell membrane or other diffusive processes, is rate limiting.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290202
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  • 268
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of half-life of immobilized enzyme during continuous reaction in bioreactors: A theoretical study (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 963-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A theoretical study has been carried out on the evaluation of the apparent half-life of immobilized enzyme activity during continuous reaction both in a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). Two apparent half-lives have been defined: the elapsed time at which the feedrate becomes half of the initial one when the feedrate of the substrate solution is lowered to keep the conversion fixed (constant-conversion policy), and the elapsed time at which the conversion becomes half of the initial one when the feedrate (or space velocity) is kept constant (constant-feedrate policy or constant-space-velocity policy). Under no intraparticle diffusional limitation, the constant-conversion policy of operation in the PFR and CSTR gives the same half-life as that of the enzyme inactivation regardless of the formula of the reaction rate, and the constant-feedrate policy of operation in the PFR and CSTR offers the same half-life as that of the enzyme inactivation only when the reaction is zero-order. Under intra-particle diffusional limitation, apparent half-lives are always greater than that of enzyme denaturation, depending on many factors such as order of reaction, feeding policy (constant-conversion and constant-feedrate policies), initial conversion, and bioreactor configuration. It is suggested to perform the continuous operation with changing feedrate to keep the conversion (or outlet substrate concentration) fixed under the domain of zero-order kinetics so as to obtain an apparent half-life as close to the real one in industrial operation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300807
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  • 269
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biotechnological production of flavor compounds: III. High productivity fermentation of volatile flavors using a strain of ischnoderma benzoinum (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 987-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300811
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  • 270
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vortex chamber for in situ recovery of the antibiotic myxovirescin A in continuous cultivation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 222-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A vortex chamber for continuous adsorption of the antibiotic Myxovirescin A on XAD resins was developed. In this paper the design and use of the vortex chamber in an external bypass of a continuous process is described. Compared with the normal continuous process, the specific production rate of the antibiotic is four to five times higher when the antibiotic is continuously adsorbed. A semicontinuous process could be performed by using two chambers for adsorption and regeneration alternatively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290212
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  • 271
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methanogenesis from volatile fatty acids in downflow stationary fixed-film reactor (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 314-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Methanogenesis was studied in downflow stationary fixed-film bioreactors. The support materials in this study included ceramic Raschig rings, hardwood chips, and sized charcoal. The performances of these support materials have been compared using both synthetic acid mixture and acid products obtained from paper mill sludge. Woodchips appeared to be the most promising support material: The maximum methane productivity of 3.56 L/L day at a nominal retention time of 0.78 day was obtained using initial total acid concentrations of 9.125 g/L. Higher productivity was achieved at the cost of efficiency of the process in terms of conversion of acids. From nitrogen balances, it was deduced that ammonia supplemented methane generation by supplying hydrogen for there duction of carbon dioxide.An ionic balance was developed to ascertain the relationship between the composition and the pH of the liquid and the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the gas phase. From these ionic balance equations, it was possible to predict the gas phase composition at various retention times. The maximum error between the computed and the experimental values was less than 13%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300223
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  • 272
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance evaluation of ethanol fermentor systems using a vector-valued objective function (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 420-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: It is shown that the performance evaluation using a vector-valued objection function whose components are the product productivity, the product concentration, and the substrate conversion is quite useful in getting deeper insight into the development of new processes and in determining the operating point. Particular attention is focused on the ethanol fermentation using variety of systems such as the conventional chemostat system, multiple fermentor system, cell recycle system, extractive fermentor system, cell recycle system, extractive fermentor system, and immobilized cell system. The contour map and the projection of the noninferior set are used in investigating the performance improvement and the trade-offs among performance indexes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300313
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  • 273
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300401
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  • 274
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the effectiveness factor along immobilized enzyme fixed-bed reactors: Design of a reactor with naringinase covalently immobilized into glycophase-coated porous glass (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A design equation is presented for packed-bed reactors containing immobilized enzymes in spherical porous particles with internal diffusion effects and obeying reversible one-intermediate Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation is also able to explain irreversible and competitive product inhibition kinetics. It allows the axial substrate profiles to be calculated and the dependence of the effectiveness factor along the reactor length to be continuously evaluated. The design equation was applied to explain the behavior of naringinase immobilized in Glycophase-coated porous glass operating in a packed-bed reactor and hydrolyzing both p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnoside and naringin. The theoretically predicted results were found to fit well with experimentally measured values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300405
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  • 275
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Air-stripping effects on cell growth with volatile substrates (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The removal of substate molecules from aerobic microbial cultures is due to both consumption by microorganisms and stripping by the air stream. The air stripping component can be described by a constant parameter for low concentrations of volatile substrates. This air stripping parameter was found to have a value of 0.0033 h-1 for phenol molecules in a typical fermentation situation. The determination and inclusion of this constant is important for modeling microbial growth. For Pseudomonas putida growing on phenol, it is shown that air stripping is responsible for all of the original decline in phenol concentration. Further, the kinetic inhibition constant is sensitive to both the value of the air stripping parameter and the value of the initial concentration of bacteria. The experimental data for Pseudomonas putida growing on phenol was fit by a non-linear, least squares technique to isolate the inhibition constant between 100 and 600 ppm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300409
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  • 276
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microheterogeneity of enzymes and deactivation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1041-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics is presented. Examples of different enzymes are given where microheterogeneity has been detected by different techniques. The different statistical models are presented which include the influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics and stability. As the microheterogeneity of the enzyme increases, there is a sharper decline in the normalized activity during the initial stages of the deactivation but a greater stability and activity, compared to similar homogeneous enzyme, as the deactivation proceeds. Microheterogeneity makes the deactivation reaction have a higher apparent order of reaction. The implications of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivations are high lighted by different examples. The analysis provides fresh physical insights into the chemistry, subpopulations, structure, and function of enzymes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300907
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  • 277
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized optimal flow rate policy for continuous stirred tank bioreactors with deactivating catalysts (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1084-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300913
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  • 278
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of chemostat in which one microbial population grows on multiple complementary nutrients (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The equations of a chemostat in which one microbial population grows on multiple rate-limiting nutrients are formulated. The dynamics of a chemostat involving growth on complementary nutrients is studied through stability analysis of the system of equations. Some conditions are derived that relate the dynamic behavior of the chemostat to its operating conditions and can be applied to any model for the specific growth rate of the population. It is shown that, if maintenance of the population is neglected, the system exhibits no sustained or damped oscillations. If maintenance of the population is considered, damped oscillations are observed for some operating conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300312
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  • 279
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction rate calculations for cosubstrates diffusing into catalyst layer from opposite sides (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of diffusion on a reaction taking place in a permeable catalyst are examined theoretically for the case where the reaction has two substrates supplied from opposite sides of a catalytic slab. The solutions of the reaction-diffusion equation for combinations of zeroth-and first-order kinetics are given in terms of an effectiveness factor and a parameter describing the position in the layer where the reaction occurs. In these terms, the results vary only weakly with reaction order. The use of the exact solutions for a reaction that is zeroth order in both sub strates is proposed as a general rule for estimating the reaction rate and the reaction position.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300314
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  • 280
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells: I. Evaluation of two lytic systems with different properties (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 471-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Many microorganisms produce enzymes which lyse the walls of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. The proportions of different enzyme activities present in the lytic system, their action patterns, synergism, and dependence on inhibitors, constitute the activity profile of the lytic system. Taken together, the activity profile and process conditions for lysis determine the reaction rate and the distribution of products from lysis of any given type of cells. Kinetics of glucan hydrolysis, proteolysis, and lysis of brewer's yeast were compared for two extracellular yeast-lytic enzyme systems with different properties. The enzyme sources used were filtered culture broths from Cytophaga sp. NCIB 9497 grown in batch culture and from Oerskovia xanthineolytica LL-G109, grown under carbon limitation in continuous culture. Rate and extent of cell hydrolysis, and the accumulation of soluble proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates from the lysed yeast cells, are discussed in terms of the activity profiles and potential applications of the two enzyme systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300403
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  • 281
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mathematical analysis of two-phase mass transfer in a batch reactor for the chemical transformation of a steroid (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A reactor is described for the conversion of the slightly water-soluble steroid testosterone (T) to 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4-AD) by enzyme in the presence of excess cofactor. Since the enzyme is subject to substrate inhibition, reaction rates are strong functions of aqueous substrate concentration. High concentrations of the substrate, testosterone, per unit reactor volume are maintained within poly(dimethylsiloxane) beads that are suspended in the aqueous enzyme solution. Mass transfer (controlled by bead size, polymer to water volume ratio, enzyme loading) is used to control the degree and rate of conversion. The reactor dynamics are predicted over a wide range of reaction conditions. The product steroid is recovered in the polymeric beads from the enzyme solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300407
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  • 282
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection of microcarrier diameter for the cultivation of mammalian cells on microcarriers (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 548-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetics of mammalian cell growth in a microcarrier culture are affected by the distribution of cells on microcarriers. It has been shown previously that a critical cell number per microcarrier is required for the growth of FS-4 cells on microcarriers. It is advantageous to alter the cell distribution on microcarriers to allow for a larger fraction of microcarriers to acquire enough cells to initiate normal growth. This can be achieved by selecting the diameter of the microcarriers employed. It has also been shown previously that the critical cell number could be reduced by choosing a better culture medium to support low density growth. However, even if all cells inoculated into a culture are capable of growing to confluence, it is still necessary to select the microcarrier diameter ration ally to improve the growth kinetics. The method of selecting the microcarrier diameter is discussed. By employing a improved medium as well as using microcarriers of selected diameter, the multiplication ratio was in creased to 15- to 16-fold for FS-4 cells, as opposed to 3- to 4-fold typically obtained in a batch culture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300412
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  • 283
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and partial characterization of a cellodextrin glucohydrolase (β-glucosidase) from Trichoderma reesei strain QM 9414 (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 571-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) was isolated from the culture filtrate of fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 grown in continuous culture with biomass retention. The crude extracellular enzyme preparation was fractionated by a three-step purification procedure [chromatography on Fractogel HW-55 (S) and Bio-Gel A 0.5 plus final preparative isoelectric focusing] to yield three β-glucosidases with isoelectric points at pH 8.4, 8.0, and 7.4. Only one enzyme (pi 8.4) met the stringent criterion of being homogeneous according to titration curve analysis. This enzyme was then characterized not to be a glycoprotein, although the native protein contained 35% carbohydrate (as glucose). It was found to have an apparent molar mass of 7 × 104 g/mol (SDS-PAGE), exhibited its optimum activity towards cellobiose at pH 4.5 and 70°C (30 min test), and lost less than 3% activity at 50°C over a period of 7 h. The KM values towards cellobiose and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were determined to be 0.5mM and 0.3mM, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed cellodextrins (cellotriose to cellooctaose) by sequentially splitting off glucose units from the nonreducing end of the oligomers. The extent of the observed transfer reactions varied with the initial substrate concentration. No enzyme activity towards microcrystalline cellulose or carboxymethylcellulose could be detected. The classification of the enzyme as β-glucosidase or exo-β-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase is discussed with respect to the exhibited hydrolytic activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300415
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  • 284
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The kinetics of growth of Proteus vuigaris in nicotinic acid-limited cultures (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Proteus vulgaris is shown to take up nicotinic acid in the early stage of growth in amounts greater than needed for growth. The time variation of the specific nicotinic acid content of the cells, calculated by dividing the amount of nicotinic acid taken up from the liquid medium by the mass of cells present at that time, is interpreted to define two parameters, the maximum specific nicotinic acid content, f1, and the minimum content required for growth, f2 The difference, E, between these parameters is the specific nicotinic acid content capable of supporting growth for three doublings after depletion of nicotinic acid from the medium. A kinetic model for the system is developed based upon two stages of growth, a stage in which the cells accumulate from the medium their maximum nicotinic acid content, and a stage in the nicotinic acid-depleted medium in which cell growth occurs at the expense of the cell-bound nicotinic acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290102
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  • 285
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics and regulation of sucrose phosphorylase formation in Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentations (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides sucrose phosphorylase has been studied in 10- and 20-L batch fermentations. A fermentation medium was devised combining rapid growth, high cell yield, and high enzyme levels. Overall fermentation dynamics and enzyme fermentation patterns are elucidated here in detail. Sucrose is phosphorolyzed into fructose and glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) with G-1-P preferentially utilized (thus saving ATP). Subsequently, fructose is gradually metabolized and is also converted to mannitol. Invertase activity is absent. Sucrose phosphorylase is formed transitorily with peak levels toward the end of active growth; a sharp decline in enzyme activity occurs upon further fermentation. The moment of cell (enzyme) harvest is thus critical in view of obtaining active cell or enzyme preparations for sucrose phosphorolysis. Microaerophilic and strictly anaerobic fermentations displayed no appreciable difference in sucrose phosphorylase formation profile. The enzyme is intracellularly located. It is constitutively formed in the absence of sucrose, contrary to that of Pseudomonas species; other disaccharide phosphorylases are not formed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290103
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  • 286
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prevention of formation of acid drainage from high-sulfur coal refuse by inhibition of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. II. Inhibition in “run of mine” refuse under simulated field conditions (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The combination of sodium lauryl sulfate and benzoic acid effectively inhibits iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in coal refuse and prevents the conversion of iron pyrite to sulfate, ferric iron, and sulfuric acid, thereby significantly reducing the formation of acidic drainage from coal refuse. The inhibitors were effective in a concentration of 1.1 mg/kg refuse, and data indicate that the SLS was in excess of the concentration required. The treatment was compatible with the use of lime for neutralization of acid present prior to inhibition of its formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290108
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  • 287
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin in cyclic fed-batch culture (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Tylosin-producing Streptomyces fradiae was cultured on a synthetic medium with a high glutamate-glucose ratio. Tylosin batch fermentations with this medium were characterized by a high initial specific production rate of tylosin (qtylosin, mg/g h) that decreased as the fermentation progressed. Continuous feeding of glutamate, glucose, and methyloleate at a constant feed rate initiated during the period of high qtylosin had been shown to produce some increase in tylosin productivity. By using a cyclic feeding strategy, it was possible to increase tylosin productivity further. Tylosin fed-batch fermentations with glutamate and glucose being fed to the culture in cyclic square-wave profiles with methyloleate in excess showed several-fold increase in final qtylosin and tylosin titers. By varying cycle amplitudes and period of the substrates, it was found that maximum tylosin productivity occurred when the glutamate cycle amplitude was 600 mg/L and that of glucose was 42.5 mg/L per cycle period of 24 h. With these cycle amplitudes of glutamate and glucose, the tylosin cyclic fed-batch culture also showed high cellular uptake of methyloleate. Decreasing or increasing glucose cycle amplitude at fixed glutamate amplitude lowered tylosin production, and no further stimulation of tylosin synthesis was observed when α-ketoglutarate was supplemented to the cyclic substrate feeds. Under optimum cyclic conditions it was possible to maintain linear tylosin accretion and a constant value of qtylosin up to 240 h.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290106
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  • 288
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth dynamics of a methylotroph (Methylomonas L3) in continuous cultures. I. Fast transients induced by methanol pulses and methanol accumulation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The dynamic behavior of the Ribulose Monophosphate-type Methylomonas L3 in continuous cultures was studied, using methanol pulses to induce fast transients in steady-state cultures of single (methanol) and mixed (methanol plus formaldehyde) substrates. In several experiments, the methanol-uptake rate (MUR) profiles displayed negative MUR values for a time period following the methanol pulse, and significant amounts of methanol disappeared immediately following the pulse. These phenomena suggested the accumulation of methanol in the cells upon pulsing, apparently due to an active transport system. Accordingly, and in order to estimate the potential of the transport system for methanol accumulation, accumulation profiles were calculated for several pulse experiments. The calculations are based on a methanol balance and experimentally determined values of the cell volume and the true transient biomass yields. It is calculated that methanol accumulates up to 200-fold to very high intracellular concentrations. The accumulation is calculated to be much higher in single- (methanol) substrate cultures of low dilution rate than in cultures of high dilution rate or of mixed substrates. The specific growth rate immediately following the methanol pulse decreased in single-substrate cultures and increased in mixed-substrate ones. The biomass yield decreased after the methanol addition in all experiments; however, the drop was less severe in the mixed-substrate experiments. It is also suggested that formaldehyde as a methanol cosubstrate may be an effective means of providing more stable biomass yields and growth rates in reactors with imperfect mixing, and of protecting the reactor against accidentally induced methanol accumulation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290109
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  • 289
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors controlling initial and long-term ATP regeneration catalyzed by immobilized chromatophores (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Photosynthetic ATP regeneration was measured in open reactors using immobilized Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. The influence of several factors on both initial and long-term ADP photophosphorylation was studied. The effect of phosphate salts and of bovine serum albumin on the organelle activity yield was studied. Photophosphorylation was initiated either with ADP or regenerated ATP and the roles of these nucleotides were compared. Different photoreactor configurations were tested for the production of a phosphorylated compound and a flat reactor selected. The presence of inorganic pyrophosphate in the reaction medium was shown to improve the synthesis of ATP 1.4 times. Using the optimal conditions described here, the total G-6P production was 50-fold higher than in batch reactors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290112
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  • 290
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties and principles of mycelial flow: Experiments with a tube rheometer (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 114-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The flow behavior of a penicillin mash has been investigated with a tube rheometer and compared with rotational viscometer observations. In the low-shear regions plug flow and breakdown of the plug have been studied. For turbulent flow turbulence damping was demonstrated. The Theological development during the fermentation was followed. At low deformation rates the pressure drop increased during the fermentation. In turbulent regions the opposite tendency was observed. The possible underlying flow mechanisms are discussed, and the influence of a number of physical parameters have been investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290116
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  • 291
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated mixed hardwood and purified microcrystalline cellulose by cell-free broth from Clostridium thermocellum (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 92-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The cellulase activity in cell-free broths from the thermophilic, ethanol-producing anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum is examined on both dilute-acid-pretreated mixed hardwood (90% maple, 10% birch) and Avicel. Experiments were conducted in vitro in order to distinguish properties of the cellulase from properties of the organism and to evaluate the effectiveness of C. thermocellum cellulase in the hydrolysis of a naturally occurring, lignin-containing substrate. The results obtained establish that essentially quantitative hydrolysis of cellulose from pretreated mixed hardwood is possible using this enzyme system. Pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 and a 9-s residence time at 220, 210, 200, and 180°C allowed yields after enzymatic hydrolysis (percentage of glucan solubilized/ glucan potentially solubilized) of 97.8, 86.1, 82.0, and 34.6%, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed hardwood with no pretreatment resulted in a yield of 10.1%. Hydrolysis yields of 〉95% were obtained from ∼0.6 g/L mixed hardwood pretreated at 220°C in 7 h at broth strengths of 60 and 80% (v/v) and in approximately 48 h with 33% broth. Hydrolysis of pretreated mixed hardwood is compared to hydrolysis of Avicel, a pure microcrystalline cellulose studied previously. The initial rate of Avicel hydrolysis saturates with respect to enzyme, whereas the initial rate of hydrolysis of pretreated wood is proportional to the amount of enzyme present. Initial hydrolysis rates for pretreated wood and Avicel at 0.6 g/L are greater for wood at low broth dilutions (1.25: 1 to 5 :1) by up to 2.7-fold and greater for Avicel at high broth dilutions (5 : 1 to 50 : 1) by up to 4.3-fold. Maximum rates of hydrolysis are achieved at 〈2 g substrate/L for both pretreated wood and Avicel. The substrate concentration at one-half the maximum observed rate for C. thermocellum broths is smaller for pretreated mixed hardwood than for Avicel and decreases with increasing broth dilution for both substrates. An initial activity per volume broth of approximately 11 μmol soluble glucose equivalent produced/L broth/min is observed for mixed hardwood pretreated at 220°C and for Avicel at high broth dilutions; the initial activity per volume broth for Avicel is lower at low broth dilutions. The results indicate that pretreated wood is hydrolyzed at rates comparable to Avicel under many conditions and at rates significantly faster than Avicel under several conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290114
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  • 292
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nature of yeast cells immobilized by radiation polymerization. Activity dependence on the water content of polymer carriers (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Higher activity of ethanol production due to higher density of yeast cells was observed in yeast cells immobilized with artificial polymer carriers of higher water content based on methoxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylacrylate. These polymer carriers were prepared by radiation-induced polymerization below 0°C. Yeast cells were immobilized with these carriers by adsorption method during multiplication. Two possible reasons for higher activity were discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290205
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  • 293
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials with hydrogen peroxide in presence of manganese compounds (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials such as newspaper, rice straw, pulp waste, and municipal solid waste with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of manganese compounds greatly enhances their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification. This pretreatment can be achieved using rather mild conditions with only a minimal decrease in the recovery and little change in composition. Manganese salts in this hydrogen peroxide pretreatment works effectively in particular when the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is relatively low. The susceptibility of hydrogen-peroxide-pretreated substrate to enzymatic saccharification increases with increasing the molar ratio of manganes to hydrogen peroxide up to 1 : 100.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290204
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  • 294
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The removal of pyritic sulfur from coal employing thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a packed column reactor (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290119
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  • 295
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290201
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  • 296
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fractionation of Aspergillus niger cellulases by combined ion exchange affinity chromatography (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Eight chemically modified cellulose supports were tested for their ability to absorb components of the Aspergillus niger cellulase system. At least two of the most effective adsorbents, aminoethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, were shown to be useful for the fractionation of cellulases. These supports apparently owe their resolving capacity to both ion exchange and biospecific binding effects; however, the relative importance of each effect is unknown. These observations form the basis for a new cellulase fractionation technique, combined ion exchange-affinity chromatography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290206
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  • 297
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling and static optimization of the ethanol production in a cascade reactor. II. Static optimization (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In Part I1 of this research a complex model was obtained for describing the ethanol fermentation in a cascade reactor. This complexity is due to both the nonlinearity and the large scale representation. Based on techniques of partitioning and relaxation, a decentralized successive approximation method is developed for static optimization. The influence of the way of fermentation during continuous culture in multistage fermentors is studied in the case of a double inhibition of cell growth and product formation by both substrate and final product. The optimal number of reactors is discussed with respect to the strength of the ethanol inhibition, while the interest of head feeding or distributed feeding is evaluated in relation to the strength of substrate inhibition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290209
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  • 298
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of growth rate and expression level on plasmid stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An auxotrophic mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, containing a recombinant 2-μ-based plasmid, was grown in selective media in continuous culture. The plasmid retained the ability to synthesize acid phosphatase as product, which was deleted from the host. Plasmid loss was followed at various dilution rates, and the level of plasmid expression was controlled by changing the β-glycero/inorganic phosphate ratio.Some interesting trends were observed. As the level of plasmid expression was raised, the stability dropped markedly. Since acid phosphatase expression is regulated at the level of transcription, it is possible that increased transcription interfered with plasmid replication, hindered segregation, or overburdened the cell's DNA repair capability. It was also observed that plasmid stability was substantially increased at high growth rates. At dilution rates of 0.3 and 0.37 h-1, feeding only inorganic phosphate, the plasmid was completely stable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290211
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  • 299
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalization of monod kinetics for analysis of growth data with substrate inhibition (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The inhibitory effect of butanol on yeast growth has been studied for the strain Candida utilis ATCC 8205 growing aerobically on butanol under batch conditions. A mathematical expression was then proposed to fit the kinetic pattern of butanol inhibition on the specific growth rate: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mu = \frac{{\mu _m S}}{{K_s + S}}\left[{1 - \frac{S}{{S_m }}} \right]^n $$\end{document}The maximum allowable butanol concentration above which cells do not grow was predicted to be 9.16g/L. The proposed model appears to accurately represent the experimental data obtained in this study and the literature data developed for a variety of batch culture systems at widely ranging substrate concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290215
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  • 300
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling bisubstrate removal by biofilms (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A bisubstrate secondary utilization model is based on the concept that an individual substrate can be utilized not only by the biomass by its utilization but also by the biomass made from the utilization of the other substrate. When substrate concentrations are low, a key factor is having sufficient substrate to initiate biofilm growth. Modeling results for three characteristic cases demonstrate that satisfying a total Smin concentration for a bisubstrate system is the necessary condition for initiating biofilm growth and simultaneous utilization of both substrates. Because having more than one substrate supporting biofilm growth enhances the removal of each compound, the utilization rate of a specific compound can be increased by the concentration of other compounds, and the total Smin concentration can be less than the weighted average of individual Smin values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290218
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