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  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (1,587)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1910-1914  (105)
  • 1850-1859
  • 1830-1839
  • 1972  (796)
  • 1971  (791)
  • 1913  (105)
  • 1835
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (938)
  • Chemical Engineering  (754)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (1,587)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From electrocatalysis to fuel cells, G. Sanstede (ed.), Battelle Seattle Research Center by the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London (1972). 415 pages. $ 12.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 880-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180450
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic synthesis of separation schemes (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 941-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports efforts to automate the synthesis of separation processes. Heuristic and algorithmic programming are used to select both the sequence and types of processes used for the conversion of complex mixtures into specified products. Improved schemes are evolved using learning techniques. An illustrative example is included.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180510
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mixing of solid particles in a motionless mixer - a stochastic approach (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 984-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Markov chain model was used to model the axial mixing of solid particles in a motionless mixer having no moving parts. One step transition probabilities were determined experimentally for the model. Based on these transition probabilities, the model was able to predict spatial distribution of tracer particles up to seven steps of the Markov chain, which was equivalent to seven consecutive passes of the mixture through the mixer. Experimental results were in good agreement with those predicted from the Markov chain model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180515
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of rotational couette flow of polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1010-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The onset of secondary flow between rotating cylinders (Taylor vortices) was observed for a dilute polymer solution whose viscometric flow properties were characterized rheogoniometrically. The critical Taylor number (flow onset) was predicted accurately by linear stability theory with a stress constitutive equation describing viscometric behavior. The cell spacing differed significantly from that predicted by linear theory. A nonlinear analysis shows that Linear theory will predict the ultimate cell size only for an inelastic liquid. For an elastic liquid a larger wave number (closer spacing) is a lower energy configuration than the linear theory spacing. This is consistent with experiment.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180519
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The shape of a fluid drop trapped between two horizontal surfaces (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1041-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a close packed dispersion, a drop experiences forces from the surrounding drops which affect its shape and rate of coalescence. The geometry is complicated, but a simple model which may help clarify the phenomenon is that of a drop trapped between two horizontal surfaces under the action of an applied force.The differential equations governing the shape of the surface of such a drop have been solved numerically and the predicted drop dimensions checked experimentally by applying known forces to a drop and recording the shape photographically.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180524
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error bounds for approximate solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1053-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Error bounds are provided for approximate solution of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for cases where there is no known exact solution for comparison. Theorems are proved for problems of heat and mass transfer of a multicomponent system in catalyst particles under going chemical reaction. Error bounds are provided for the pointwise error as well as the effectiveness factor. Calculations based on the theorems show the orthogonal collocation method can give results which are proved accurate to 12 digits, thus providing essentially the exact solution. For problems for which the theorems have not yet been proved, the results suggest that the mean-squared residual gives a good indication of the accuracy since the error decreases as the mean-squared residual decreases.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180526
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction in a case of time-dependent interfacial area (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1070-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180532
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on transfer in turbulent pipe flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1072-1073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180533
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sufficient conditions for uniqueness and the local asymptotic stability of adiabatic tubular reactors (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1079-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180536
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryogenic fundamentals, G. G. Haselden, Ed., Academic Press, New York (1972). 757 pages (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1086-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180544
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the equilibrium partial pressures of vapors above sulfuric acid solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1265-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180630
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flowing gas-solids suspensions, R. G. Boothroyd, Harper & Row, New York (1972). 289 pages. $14.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1277-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180634
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotechnology of industrial water conservation, B. E. Purkiss, Mills & Boon, Ltd., London (1972). 56 pages. £1.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1278-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180638
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation in the chemical and petroleum industries, Vol. 8, Irving G. Young, (ed), Instrument Society of America, New York (1972). 109 pages. $9.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1279-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180642
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical principles of chemical engineering, Peter Grassman, Pergamon Press, New York (1971). 896 pages. $48.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1281-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180646
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis reviews, Vol. 6, H. Heinemann, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1972). 341 pages. $19.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1281-1282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180647
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halogen affinities-A new ordering of metals to accomplish difficult separations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180140
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of early turbulence in the pipe flow of drag reducing polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Early turbulence has for the first time been observed in the flow of very dilute polymer solutions in tubes larger than capillary size. Flow rate-wall shear stress measurements were conducted in 0.553 and 0.660 cm. diameter pipes. Polyethylene oxide samples of two molecular weights were employed, dissolved in water-glycerine mixtures with viscosities ranging from 0.0261 to 0.160 poise. The flow rate-wall shear stress relationship for these solutions corresponded to Poiseuille's Law below a well-defined onset wall shear stress, at which the Reynolds number was less than the transition value for Newtonian fluids. As the flow rate was increased from the onset condition, however, the wall shear stress became progessively larger than that predicted by the Poiseuille relationship. The onset wall shear stress for the phenomenon increased linearly with solvent viscosity. Its relationship to polymer concentration was dependent on the solvent viscosity. An explanation for early turbulence is suggested on the basis of these results, and the relationship of the phenomenon to turbulent flow drag reduction is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180139
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On optimality criteria for constrained optima (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180149
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On simultaneous transport of heat and mass in natural convection (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 243-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180150
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of the integral method for flow of power-law fluids (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180154
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180160
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on the Yang-Yendall equation of state (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 248-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180152
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulence measurements in liquids, proceedings of the symposium on turbulence measurement in liquids - university of Missouri, Rolla (September, 1969). G. K. Patterson and J. L. Zakin, (eds.), 1971. 155 pages. $8.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 254-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180155
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIMP (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180202
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoreticol and experimental study of the centrifugal molecular still (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the centrifugal molecular still has been derived based on a fully developed profile, but negligible normal and tangential velocity components. Thermal gradients, film thicknesses, and evaporation rates calculated from this mathematical expression correlate well with reported literative values as well as with the present data.Mean distillation rates were measured for five pure liquids on a centrifugal still with an effective evaporating surface area of 100 sq. cm. These experimentally obtained rates for liquids exhibiting ideal behavior agreed quite well with theoretical values predicted on the basis of simple kinetic theory. In the case of an associated liquid, however, rate measurements were found to be only 53 to 90% of the theoretical value. Although these low values tend to support the concept of an evaporation coefficient as a true molecular property, there wasevidence that surface irregularities could have accounted for all or at least part of the discrepancy noted.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180204
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficients of strong electrolytes in multicomponent aqueous solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quantity T12 here called the reduced activity coefficient is related to Γ12 the mean activity coefficient of a strong electrolyte 12 as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\Gamma _{12} = \gamma 12^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {z_1 z_2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {z_1 z_2 }}}$$\end{document} where z1 and z2 are the charge number on the ions. The value of Γ12 for electrolyte 12 in an aqueous solution containing the three ions 1, 2, and 3, such as Na+ Cl- and Ba++, is to be calculated as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log}\Gamma _{12} = {\rm log}\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} + {\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}\left({{\rm X}_{\rm 3} } \right){\rm log}\left({{{\Gamma ^ \circ _{32} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Gamma ^ \circ _{32} } {\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} }}} \right)$$\end{document} Here Γ°32 and Γ°12 are for the indicated electrolytes, namely NaCl and BaCl2 in this example, at the total ionic strength of the mixture. The term X3 represents the fraction m3z32/(m1z12 + m3z32) in which m represents the molality of the indicated ion. Fair success is usually attained with this equation in predicting γ, even at high electrolyte concentrations.Similar equations are proposed for aqueous solutions containing four or more ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180208
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability studies in pipe flows unsing water and dilute polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 312-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of water and 20 ppm. solutions of Separan AP-30 and Polyox WSR 301 to the periodic motion of a thin sleeve was measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter. The sleeeve was moved in an axial direction by an external coupling at frequencies from 1/4 to 1.O Hz and at amplitudes of 1/2 to 2 in. The flow filed downstream of the distrbance was found to consist of three regions: 1. a near field with a separation wake from the sleeve moving toward the piep centerline; 2. an intermediate field in which alternate laminar and turbulent slugs passed a point; and 3. a far field with decaying turbulent lfow. Defferences in the behavior of water flows and polymer flows appeared in each region. In the near field, wakes spread faster in water flows. In the intermediate field, the laminar slugs disappeared into turbulence more rapidly in water flows. And in the far field, the turbulence was not as developed in the polymer flows.Detailed statistical evaluations were made on the signals in each region for a Reynolds number of 2000. The response of the dilte polymer polymer solutions appeared to be governed by the initial interaction with the sleeve. Fewer high frequencies were generated than in the pure solvent so the periodic disturbance persisted downstream. In pure water the eddies from the separation wake interacted strongly with the periodic distrurbance leading to rapid decay of the periodic portion. Shear rates were not high enough to attribute the dilute polymer differences to viscoelastic effects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180211
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  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local and macroscopic thermal transport from a sphere in a turbulent air stream (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local and macroscopic thermal transport from a calorimeter-instrumented sphere 1.5 in. in diameter located in an air steram ws measured experimentally in the subcritical flow regime. The Reynolds number was varied between 5,200 and 70,200 with artificially induced turbulence level varying from 0.013 to 0.256. Higher turbulence increased thermal transport through the laminar bundary layer prevailing in the forward hemisphere, and significantly retarded the point of separation from about 87° to 106° as measured from stagnation. An increase in the Reynolds number shifted the point of separation forward and altered the behavior in the wake. In the separated wake region, the experimental evidence indicated that the vortex reattached to the rear surface and formed a new boundary layer that resulted in a decrease in the local thermal transfer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180207
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  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180301
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  • 131
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    Application of modern control theory to distillation columns (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Modern control theory for systems with load changes is applied to distillation column control. Both linear and nonlinear distillation models are developed and tested. Excellent control is achieved by using an optimal multi-variable-proportional-integral (MPI) controller for systems with unmeasurable disturbances. When the disturbances are measurable an optimal multi-variable proportional controller with error coordination (MPE) is desirable. Various structures for distillation control have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180304
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  • 132
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    Mass transfer of water from single thoria sol droplets fluidized in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate at which water is extracted from thoria sols was investigated by fluidizing single thoria sol droplets in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH) and measuring the diameter of a droplet over a period of time until shrinkage no longer occurred. Diameter data from both water and sol drops were obtained at 25°C. The experimental variables were initial drop diameter (0.1 to 0.2 cm), sol molarity \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm (0 to 2}{\rm .5 }\underline M {\rm ThO}_{\rm 2}) $\end{document}, and water concentration in the 2EH (2-12 mg./cc.). The water and sol droplet data were correlated by Equation (5). The single relationship for the fluidized water and sol drops verified that an organic-phase film surrounding the drop is the rate-controlling resistance. The sphere Reynolds number was based on the approach velocity and varied from 0.4 to 14. The Schmidt number for the system was fixed at 35,700. During the extraction of water, the mass transfer coefficients for fluidized sol drops were found to depend only on the molarity of the sol. By expressing the mass transfer coefficients as a function of the density difference between the aqueous sol and the organic phase, an equation was derived to predict the gelation time required for any initial sol molarity and drop diameter fluidized in 2 EH at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180305
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  • 133
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    Volatiles retention during drying of food liquids (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 520-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The retention of trace volatile components in food liquids during low temperature drying processes is analyzed through a ternary diffusion model. Flux equations for both water and trace organic components are solved numerically for typical drying situations. Several effects are found with the ternary analysis which are not evident from a simpler binary model. The sugar-water composition gradient which develops during drying causes an appreciable transport of the trace volatile species. This transport can occur in the same direction as the transport resulting from the concentration gradient of the volatile species, or in the opposite direction, and can result in a local accumulation of the volatile species. Concentration profiles for both water and dilute volatile components were experimentally measured during nearly isothermal drying of gelled slabs of synthetic sugar solutions and natural fruit juice concentrates. The predicted internal maximum in volatiles concentration is borne out by the experiment, and a satisfactory agreement of observed with predicted volatiles retention is found, within the limits of the experiment.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180310
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  • 134
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    Ecological aspects of combustion devices (with reference to hydrocarbon flaring) (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 553-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some fundamental factors controlling the emission of pollutants by an industrial combustion system are illustrated by reference to gaseous hydrocarbon flare stack combustion. The formation of smoke (soot), radiation, and nitric oxide may be controlled by limiting of the premixed fuel air ratio to moderately rich mixtures. The factors which determine the design of a suitable Canada mixer are shown to be area ratio, density ratio, and pressure ratio. An important pollutant for large burners is the combustion roar. Fuel type and mixture ratio only affect the combustion noise output by about 5 db. The dominant factor in the generation of this noise is the burner turbulence, which can be controlled to reduce the combustion roar by up to 20 db.Burner cost considerations lead to the current use of simple flare tips; however, the eventual use of more technically sophisticated low pollution units is inevitable.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180315
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  • 135
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    The effect of gibbs adsorption on marangoni instability in penetration mass transfer (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 582-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis of Marangoni convection in gas-liquid mass transfer shows the stabilizing effect of surface convection in the Gibbs adsorption layer. Results are obtained for various ratios of liquid layer thickness to mass transfer penetration depth. For deep liquid layers, complete stabilization results when the inventory in the Gibbs layer equals the solute deficiency in the liquid phase boundary layer, irrespective of the shape of the unperturbed concentration profile.This new theory agrees much better with experimental results than did previous theories. For example, for triethylamine desorption from water, the discrepancy is reduced from a factor of 8,000 to a factor of 8. Speculations are offered concerning this residual discrepancy.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180319
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  • 136
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    The interrelationship between bubble motion and solids mixing in a gas fluidized bed (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 591-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stochastic differential equations for particle motion in a homogeneous fluidized bed have been modified to incorporate a bubble-particle interaction. In a freely bubbling bed this interaction causes an instantaneous random step upwards when a particle collides with a bubble. In addition the particles are subject to a Brownian Motion due to particle-particle interactions and to a vertical drift velocity. The particle motion was modeled by the set of stochastic differential equations \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} d{\rm U} = - U + d{\rm W} \\ d{\rm X} = (U_x + \overline U)\,\,dt + {\rm S}dN \\ d{\rm Y = }U_y dt \\ d{\rm Z = }U_z dt \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} where N and W are Poisson and Wiener processes respectively. U is the velocity vector, X the vertical coordinate, Y and Z the horizontal coordinates. This set of equations has been solved and the form of the probability density function p(x, t) has been obtained. Predictions are in terms of the mean bubble frequency at a point λ the average displacement associated with a particle-bubble collision, and the dense phase diffusion coefficient.The main result is that the effective diffusion coefficient in the vertical direction is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$E^*{\rm = }E{\rm + }\lambda {\rm /}\alpha ^{\rm 2}$$\end{document} where E is the dense phase diffusion coefficient and 1/α is the average displacement suffered by a particle on collision with bubble.The model was tested experimentally using random forcing function techniques. All parameters were evaluated independentely; λ by direct measurement and the other two inferred from available published data. The predictions of the theory agreed well with experimental observations of the solids dispersion.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180320
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  • 137
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    A mathematical model for heat transfer in a packed bed and a simplified solution thereof (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 623-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer in packed beds can be mathematically modeled to account for the heat transfer between the particles and the gas phase, the conduction through the solid phase of particles, and the mixing or dispersion within the gas phase in the void structure of the porous media. To solve the resulting differential equations numerically is not easy. The solution for sinusoidal gas temperature input assumes linearity of the logarithm of the temperature with time. If, in addition, linearity with distance can be assumed, then the solution can be vastly simplified to finding the real root of a fourth-order algebraic equation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180324
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  • 138
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    Radiation efficiency of elliptical reflector-photoreactors (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 643-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180328
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  • 139
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    A Markov chain model of a packed bed (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 650-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180331
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  • 140
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    A continuous profilometer (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 653-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180332
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  • 141
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    An experimental study of instabilities and other flow properties of a laminar pipe jet (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 689-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow patterns in an axisymmetrical laminar pipe jet with a flat entering velocity profile and a diametrical expansion ratio of 1:2 was investigated using nondisturbing flow visualization. A wavelike instability was discovered in the detached shear layer even at the lowest Reynolds numbers, and for Reynolds numbers greater than 350 tangential motions were observed, resulting in considerable turbulence near the mean position of re-attachment. This turbulence even at low Reynolds explains local high rates of mass and heat transfer. The mean re-attachment position depends on Reynolds number.Instantaneous mean velocity profiles and wall shear stresses were determined.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180405
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  • 142
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    Controller design for distributed systems via bass' technique (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bass' feedback controller design technique is extended to distributed parameter systems and its use is illustrated for a parabolic system with boundary control.The development of the design technique rests on a conjecture concerning the necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear time invariant partial differential equations. It is shown through a study of the discretized analog of a distributed system that the most likely candidate for a Lyapunov functional general enough to yield the necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability is a double integral with a symmetric kernel.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180412
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  • 143
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    Asymptotic solutions of Hopf's equation for turbulent chemical reactions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 751-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hopf's formalism is extended to chemically reactive turbulent systems, and weak mixing and convective mixing asymptotic forms are considered. The former recovers Corrsin's isotropic decay law for an isothermal first-order, irreversible reaction; the latter extends Hopf's result to equipartition of mechano-chemical energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180415
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  • 144
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    The computation of optimal singular bang-bang control I: Linear systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 774-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general algorithm for the solution of both singular and bang-bang control problems is presented. The algorithm utilizes a limiting process and the solution of a constrained linear-quadratic control problem. The algorithm is applied to problems with both fixed and nonfixed final times. General numerical results for several linear system examples are presented, and two minimum time examples are discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180419
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  • 145
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    Thermodynamics of multi-solute adsorption from dilute liquid solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 761-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermodynamics of ideal dilute solutions is applied toward establishing a method for predicting multi-solute adsorption using only data for single-solute adsorption from dilute liquid solution. The method is similar to that proposed by Myers and Prausnitz for adsorption of gas mixtures.Experimental adsorption data for activated carbon at 25°C are reported for dilute aqueous solutions containing acetone and propionitrile, and p-chlorophenol and p-cresol. Calculated and experimental results are in excellent agreement for the first system and in fair agreement for the second system. It appears that the ideal dilute-solution theory for predicting multisolute adsorption is most reliable for those systems where solute adsorption loading is moderate. When solute adsorption loading is large, the simplifying assumptions in the theory must be relaxed to allow for solute-solute interactions on the surface. The method presented here is simple to use and provides good approximations for engineering design.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180417
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  • 146
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    The retention of large particles in fibrous filters (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 786-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The inertial interception mechanism of particle-fiber collision in fibrous filters is described. The main mechanisms by which particles are retained in filters together with the effect of a number of operating parameters are discussed. The effect of particle size, gas velocity, relative humidity, and filter loading on the retention efficiency of large particles (〉 5μ) is investigated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180421
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  • 147
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    Kinetics and mechanism of the epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 807-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of the epoxidation of octadecenoic acids with peroxybenzoic acid in benzene. Activation energies, frequency factors, enthalpies of activation, entropies of activation, and free energies of activation were obtained for the following fatty acids: cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic), trans-9-octadecenoic acid (elaidic), 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic), 12-hydroxy-trans-9-octadecenoic acid (ricinelaidic), cis-11-octadecenoic acid (vaccenic), and cis-6-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic). It was observed that the reaction rate was adversely affected by the proximity of the carboxyl group, that is, the closer the carboxyl to the reaction site the lower the rate. A shift from a trans to a cis configuration results in an approximate 50% increase in reaction rate with a corresponding decrease in free energy of activation of 260 cal/mol. The effects of isomerism and the replacement of substituent groups on the reaction rate were generally additive. A mechanism for the peroxydation of octadecenoic acids is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180424
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  • 148
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    Direct digital control of linear processes subject to random disturbances (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 846-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180431
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  • 149
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    Meniscus vortexing in free coating (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 858-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180436
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  • 150
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    Volume-area relationship in capillarity (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 864-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180438
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  • 151
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    Linearization-an efficient alternate for the estimation of parameters (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 870-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180441
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  • 152
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    Analytical methods in conduction heat transfer, Glen E. Myers, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1971). 508 pages. $19.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 879-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180448
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  • 153
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    Masthead (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180501
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  • 154
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    Calculation of multicomponent liquid-liquid equilibrium with Renon's and Black's activity equations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 913-922 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The combination of optimization theory and thermodynamics was used to develop a fast, reliable computerized procedure for predicting or representing multicomponent liquid-liquid phase equilibrium. Both the Renon and Black activity coefficient equations were compared with experimental data using the procedure. Experimental data for three quarternary systems from the literature were examined. Prediction of ternary data from binary data is not very reliable, although ternary data can nearly always be represented by adjustment of the predicted binary constants. Quarternary data can be predicted from accurate ternary representations of similar species provided the additional compound is from the same family group. The Renon equation is recommended rather than the Black equation.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180506
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  • 155
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    Investigation of the thermodynamic behavior of the system, acetone-carbontetrachloride, by the equilibrium sedimentation technique (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 829-832 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equilibrium sedimentation technique for the direct determination of the chemical potential composition derivatives of a liquid mixture is applied to the binary system acetone-carbontetrachloride. Equilibrium concentration profiles obtained in an ultracentrifuge are used with the Wilson equation to quantitatively determine the composition variation of the activity coefficients over the entire range of composition. Results agree well with previous data and indicate the technique to be accurate and reliable.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180428
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  • 156
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    Confidence interval of the residual of diagnostic parameter (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 852-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180433
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  • 157
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    General correlations of vapor-liquid equilibria (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 866-867 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180439
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  • 158
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    Trajectory optimization techniques in chemical reaction engineering. II. Comparison of the methods (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 867-869 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180440
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  • 159
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    An introduction to thermodynamics, R. S. Silver, Cambridge University Press, England (1971). 150 pages. $ 9.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180444
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  • 160
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    Measured enthalpy changes for a simulated natural gas mixture and their prediction using a modified BWR equation (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 999-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method of incorporating binary interaction data into the BWR equation is proposed. It is developed to predict phase equilibria and enthalpies for multicomponent mixtures using interaction data for 18 binaries.A calorimeter is described, together with experiments made upon it, for a 6-component simulated North Sea Gas mixture at three pressure levels from 18 to 36 bar, and over a temperature range from 373 to 188K. The experimental enthalpy results are claimed to have an accuracy of ± 0.9%. These results are compared with the predictions of the modified BWR equation. The average deviation is 1.1%, the values being negative at about 18 bar and generally positive for the higher pressures tested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180517
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  • 161
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    Precipitate coflotation of orthophosphate and fluoride (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1024-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Orthophosphate and fluoride are simultaneously precipitated from aqueous solution, 5.26 × 10-3 M. in each, by La (III). The precipitates are cofloated by the anionic surfactant sodium laurylsulfate, with optimum flotation at pH 4.0 and a stoichiometric lanthanum concentration based on LaPO4 and LaF3. Over pH 3.5 to 6.0, better than 95% flotation of the total orthophosphate and precipitated fluoride that-are present can be floated at a molar sodium laurylsulfate to orthophosphate plus fluoride ratio of 0.023. At lower sodium laurylsulfate concentrations, the flotation decreases at pH 3.5 and 6.0 compared to pH 4.0-5.0; at pH 4.0, an increase in the La(III) concentration decreases the flotation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180522
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  • 162
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    Multiple limit cycles in a CSTR (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1060-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180527
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  • 163
    Electronic Resource
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    Impact tube gas velocity measurement at high temperatures (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1065-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180530
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  • 164
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    Parameter estimation from transient rate data (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180534
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  • 165
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    Process dynamics and control: Vol. 1. Analysis of dynamic systems, J. M. Douglas, Prentice-Hall, Englewood, N. J. (1972). 367 pages. $16.95 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1085-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180542
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  • 166
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    Statistical fluid mechanics, A. S. Monin and A. M. Yaglom, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1971). $18.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1087-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180546
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  • 167
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    The extraction of mercuric chloride from acid chloride solutions with trioctylamine (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 904-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equilibrium distribution of mercuric chloride between aqueous sodium chloride solutions and a solution of tri-isooctylamine in xylene has been measured. The dependence on pH, amine concentration, mercury level, and temperature has been determined. At low pH mercury is extracted quite effectively with a distribution coefficient as high as 2,000. At high pH the mercury can be stripped from the organic solution. This extraction system offers the possibility of an effective mercury separation process for chlorine plant brines or chloride-based mercury leach liquors.A theoretical model of the extraction equilibria is developed to facilitate interpolation of the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180505
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  • 168
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    A heuristic method for the inversion of certain Laplace transforms to produce initially valid approximations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 923-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on a Lagrangian interpolation, a heuristic scheme is developed for the inversion of certain types of Laplace transforms and is applied to the solution of problems of interest to chemical engineers for which the exact solution is either very difficult or impossible to obtain. The solutions thus obtained are in good agreement with exact values, when available, for initial values of the transformed independent variable and may therefore be used as approximations. Three illustrative examples are presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180507
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  • 169
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    Using the dusty gas diffusion equation in catalyst pores smaller than 50 Å radius (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 967-975 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When the dusty gas diffusion equation is applied to materials containing pores with radii below 50 Å, the observed diffusion behavior in these smaller pore systems can be quite different from that predicted by the equation. Higher temperatures and in some cases higher pressures tend to lessen the deviations between prediction and experiment. The observed deviations are probably caused by surface transport and by momentum transfer between gas molecules and pore walls during molecular flight. For bimodal materials, an additional factor can be the inapplicability of the equation to systems of parallel micro- and macropores. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment occurs for large-pore unimodal systems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180513
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  • 170
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    Interpretation of overall area tests for thermodynamic consistency: The effect of random error (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1004-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are developed and illustrated for determining the amount of nonsatisfaction of the overall area (integrated Gibbs-Duhem equation) test for vapor-liquid equilibrium data that is to be expected on the basis of random experimental uncertainties. Data which satisfy the overall test within these limits, as well as the local area test, are said to be consistent within the bounds established by their experimental uncertainties, while data which do not are said to show significant systematic error and hence are termed inconsistent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180518
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  • 171
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    Momentum, heat, and mass transfer for fixed and homogeneous fluidized beds (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1020-1024 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Carman channel model for flow in packed beds is shown to apply for the minimum fluidization velocity and homogeneous fluidized beds. The channel model also provides correlations for mass transfer in the laminar flow region and heat and mass transfer for turbulent flow in a packed bed. Tube bundle data for pressure drop and heat transfer are also evaluated as a packed bed with the channel model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180521
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  • 172
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    Damping coefficient design charts for sampled-data control of processes with deadtime (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1048-1052 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Design charts that give the value of the gain of a proportional sampleddata controller for various closed loop damping coefficient specifications are presented. Charts for first- and second-order processes with various deadtimes are given over a range of sampling rates.Typical root locus plots in the z plane are also presented to illustrate how increasing deadtime (as an integer multiple of the sampling period) increases the order of the system in the z domain.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180525
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  • 173
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    Predicting diffusion rates in some materials with abnormal pore structures (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1063-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180529
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  • 174
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    On the shape factor for a hollow, square cylinder (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1082-1083 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180537
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  • 175
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    Heat transfer, F. J. Bayley, J. M. Owen, and A. B. Turner, Barnes and Noble Book Co., New York (1972). 438 pages. $16.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1085-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180541
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  • 176
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    Electrostatic and van der Waals forces in fibrous filters (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1255-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180625
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  • 177
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    Comments on surface boundary conditions for small amplitude waves on a falling liquid film (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1262-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180628
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  • 178
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    The role of porosity in filtration VII effect of side-wall friction in compression-permeability cells (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 13-20 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of side-wall friction on the uniformity of packing of beds in compression-permeability cells is examined. A large portion of pressure applied to the top of a compressible bad is absorbed in wall friction, resulting in a nonuniformly packed bed. A simplified analysis of wall friction and its effect on porosity and permeability is presented.All experimenters involived in flow through porous media are urged to examine the effects of stress distribution on the structure and uniformity of the packing. In general, compressible beds of small particles will be strongly affected by the walls.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180104
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  • 179
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    Electronic Resource
    Process optimization by the “complex” method (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 20-24 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The “complex” method of M. J. Box has been adapted and used to optimize the design of continuous chemical processes. Such a design involves the extremization of a nonlinear objective function subject of nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. The method consists of finding an original feasible “complex” of solutions, eliminating the worst of these by reflection through the controid of those remaining, and repeating until an optimum has been reached. An example of significant complexity has been solved and the results are reported. The method looks quite promising for use in the optimization of chemical process designs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180105
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  • 180
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    Multicomponent mass transfer in turbulent flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 25-30 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general treatment of entry region multicomponent mass transfer between a fully developed turbulent flow and a smooth pipe wall has been developed from a basis first derived by Toor.The couled multicomponent equations were reduced to an equivalent binary system by the method of undetermined constants. Numerical solutions for a forced convection, binary diffusion system involving gas-phase, nonequimolal diffusion were applied to a ternary system. These solutions have been found to compare well with these authors entry region mass transfer data on a ternary acetone-methonal-air mixture and with the earlier analogy theories derived for the case of an infinitely long test section.We conclude that there is a significant interaction in some multicomponent systems, enough that the binary theory can not be satisfactorily applied in the design of multicomponent mass transfer systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180106
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  • 181
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    Surface diffusion of adsorbable gases through porous media (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 39-42 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An activated diffusion, or site-hopping, mechanism is used to describe surface diffusion of gases through porous media. This analysis provides a useful and accurate method for correlating data at submonolayer coverages on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The data needed to use this correlation are surface area and pore structure of the adsorbent, adsorption isotherms at two or more temperatures, and the activation energy for migration. The former quantities are easily determined from Knudsen diffusion and adsorption measurements, while the activation energy can be found from a single permeability measurement. Predictions made in this way show excellent agreement with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180108
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  • 182
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    Drag reduction in dilute flowing gas-solid suspensions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of solids loading ratio, particle size, and gas Reynolds number on the pressure drop and flow characteristics of a dilute gas-solid suspension in turbulent pipe flow has been studied experimentally in both vertical and horizontal test sections. Glass beads of 10 to 60μ diameter were used at air Reynolds numbers of 10,000 to 25,000 and solids loading ratios of up to 2.5 Drag reduction was observed in the vertical test section for all of the particles studied, with the 30μ particles yielding a maximum drag reduction of about 75% at a loading ratio of 1.5. In the horizontal test section, drag reduction was observed only with the smallest sized particles, indicating a gravity effect. An explanation of these results based on the particles interacting with the turbulent structure of the gas near the wall has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180107
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  • 183
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    Radiation efficiency of photoreactors (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 43-47 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theoretical expressions are derived for the fraction of the energy, emitted from a UV lamp, which strikes the reactor wall in systems where a reflecting surface is included. Two geometries used in photoreactors are considered: a cylindrical lamp located at the focus of a superimposed parabolic reflecor. The predicted efficiencies are low, particularly for the elliptical reflector - reactor system, because of the energy that escapes through the ends of the system. Experimentally determined efficiencies for the elliptical type are in reasonable agreement with predicted values, suggesting that the theoretical method may be used for estimating efficiencies for different reactor systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180109
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  • 184
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    The activated calcium sulfate-water vapor sorption therm (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 48-51 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption isotherms are reported for the β-soluble anhydrite form of calcium sulfate (Drierite) exposed to moist air at one atmosphere total pressure and 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200°F. A concentration-temperature coordinate has been identified which when plotted against the amount sorbed caused all isotherms to collapse into a single sorption therm. The latter has been fit by a three-term expression based on a combination of sorption theories. A graphical comparison is made between a curve calculated from the analytical expression and actual experimental datum points.Curve fitting was done by machine and involved minimizing the square of the deviations. Maximum deviations up to 4% are experienced in the high range. In the low range these tend to increase but so do the experimental errors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180110
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  • 185
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    Flow attachment to solid surfaces: The Coanda effect (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 51-57 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phenomenon of flow attachment to solid surfaces, occurring with both liquids and gases, is the long-known though inadequately understood Coanda effect.A flow visualization study was made using a birefringent milling yellow dye solutions flowing over a deflection surface consisting of flat plates. A two-dimensional flow channel with transparent side walls was used. Photographic observations of the development of the Coanda effect reveal the method of flow attachment and confirm a number of literature predictions. One of the most interesting of these phenomena is the existence of a well defined mixing region along the deflection surface.A simplified model of the flow field has been proposed in order to described the mechanism governing the Coanda effect. The model is supported by experimental data consisting of pressure profiles obtained along the deflection surface and secondary flow entrainment measurements.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180111
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  • 186
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    Predictive equations for self-diffusion in liquids: A different approach (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 62-70 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple relationships have been obtained which can be used to predict self-diffusion coefficients of liquids with an average error of ±4%. In addition to the customary parameters, one of these equations contains the critical volume \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{{\mu VD}}{{RT}} = 0.124 \times 10^{ - 16} V_{c^{2/3} }$$\end{document} whereas the other uses Lennard-Jones potential parameters \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{{\mu VD}}{{RT}} = 0.129 \times 10^{ - 16} \sigma ^2 (\Omega D\Omega V)_{T_c }^{1/2}$$\end{document} Both relations were derived by using a general relation between transport coefficients of pure fluids and a molecular-kinetic-model of liquids. No use has been made either of the Stokes-Einstein relation or the absolute rate theory.By applying the same relation between transport coefficients of pure fluids to gases, an equation has been obtained which can be used to calculate consistently molecular diameters in gases as a function of temperature, using Lennard-Jones potential parameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180113
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  • 187
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    Thermodynamics of nearly-ideal systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 70-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The industrial importance of mixtures of closely similar substances is out of proportion to their relatively small numbers due to their frequent occurrence and the difficulty of their separations. A procedure specially designed for the general prediction of their properties, particularly relative volatility, over a wide range of state variables is needed.Such a procedure is developed in this work for convenient application to multicomponent systems with the use of generalized functions. The relative volatility of a nearly ideal system is decomposed into ideal solution factors and nonideality factors. The first order perturbation thory of Longuet-Higgins is adopted for the calculation of the nonideality factor. The validity of the procedure for the quantitative description of real mixtures is demonstrated with the system propane/propylene for which extensive data are available.The required pure fluid properties for the general application of the procedure are reviewed. System parameters are evaluated for 15 binary systems of industrial interest.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180114
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  • 188
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    Kinetics of propane pyrolysis (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model based on the most important free radical reaction steps has been developed for propane pyrolysis. The kinetic and product distribution data were obtained over a wide range of conversions at temperatures from 700 to 850°C. and with various amounts of steam or other diluents. The results of the investigation clarify the important reaction steps and the effect of the critical operating variables.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180116
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  • 189
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    A new algorithm for the estimation of parameters in ordinary differential equations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 90-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new computational algorithm for the estimation of parameters in ordinary differential equations from noisy data is presented. The algorithm is computationally faster than quasilinearization because of the reduction of the number of ordinary differential equations that must be solved at each iteration. A modification is also presented to remove ill-posedness. The algorithm is illustrated on a simple example.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180117
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  • 190
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    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact heat transfer between immiscible fluid layers in laminar flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of heat transfer (and, by analogy, mass transfer) between immiscible fluids in laminar parallel flow is analyzed as a conjugated boundary value problem. Exact solutions are developed in terms of known functions by solving for the temperature fields in the two phases separately for constant boundary conditions, then generalizing the results to obtain solutions for the interfacial temperature distribution and the complete temperature field for the conjugated system. The analysis and the results of calculations for heat transfer between two immiscible films flowing down an adiabatic inclined plane are presented. It is shown that axial conduction can be included, and the effects of axial conduction in one stream are examined. The predicted Nusselt numbers are plotted versus axial position for various parameters, and the interfacial temperatures and mixed mean fluid temperatures for the two phases are plotted to elucidate the heat transfer characteristics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180118
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  • 191
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    Hydrodynamic stability of viscoelastic fluids: Importance of fluid model, overstability, and form of disturbance (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 102-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A linearized stability analysis has been applied to a fluid flowing in a gravity field between horizontal planes in Couette flow under conditons such that the temperature of the bottom plane exceeds that of the top. It is shown that, under conditions likely to be encountered with polymer solutions, oscillatory instabilities will not be controlling. Criteria are offered for ascertaining when an analysis based upon a second-order fluid model may be expected to yield physically meaningful results. It is also shown that for the fluid model considered, critical conditions for stability are not changed when disturbances which vary in the flow direction are substituted for those which are a function of the coordinate transverse to the flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180119
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  • 192
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    II. Prediction of component fugacities and related properties of mixtures (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer program based on the theory of Part I is developed for calculating equilibrium ratios and related thermodynamic properties of mixtures, and a variety of data are used to test the method. For the carbon dioxide-n-butane system both liquid and gaseous compressibility factors are predicted with an average absolute deviation from experimental values of 1.3% for a wide range of conditions. A maximum deviation of 5.4% occurs in the critical region. Derivative properties such as component fugacities and equilibium ratios show somewhat larger deviations as expected. For the same system average deviations are 2.7% for carbon dioxide fugacities, 2.6% for n-butane fugacities, and 3.3% for carbon dioxide and n-butane equilibrium ratios. Average deviation for predicted equilibrium ratios for eight binary systems and 574 data points is 4.6%. Equilibrium ratios for two ternary systems are also predicted accurately. The major advantage of the method, however, is the small or negligible amount of experimental mixture data required. The method has not been tested below a mixture reduced temperature of 0.8, the lower limit of the Pitzer tables. Without density corrections to the scaling parameters best results are obtained if all binary pairs in a mixture fall within range 0.25 〈VCj TCj/VCi TCi 〈 4.0.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180135
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  • 193
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    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficients of strong electrolytes in aqueous solution-effect of temperature (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 661-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180336
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  • 194
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    Tellurium, W. Charles Cooper, (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York (1971). 437 pages. $22.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 670-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180341
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  • 195
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    An Experimental and theoretical study of the transient response of an isothermal tubular reactor with recycle (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical transient response data are presented for a tubular reactor with recycle, illustrating the distributed nature of this feedback system. The transient concentration response of an isothermal tubular reactor with recycle was studied experimentally and theoretically for inlet concentration and flow upsets. The reaction studied experimentally was the second order homogeneous liquid phase saponification of methyl acetate with sodium hydroxide.Theoretical models using residence time distribution (RTD) techniques have been developed. The fact that the theoretical model (RTD) predicts the dynamic response data for the recycle reactor with and without reaction in the recycle line for both single flow and concentration upsets verifies that this model is satisfactory for simulation of recycle tubular reactor dynamics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180138
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  • 196
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    SI units in chemical engineering (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 222-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180142
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  • 197
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    Electronic Resource
    Decoupling control of a distillation column (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180143
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  • 198
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    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gibbs adsorption on oscillatory marangoni instability (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180145
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    On the computation of complex equilibria (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is described for solving the problem: given fixed pressure, temperature, the amounts of the chemical elements, and the chemical potentials of possible chemical species at the pressure and temperature specified, determine the equilibrium composition. The method requires a minimum of judgment on the part of the user.A modification of Naphtali's method for direct minimization of Gibbs' function provides an estimate of the composition of sufficient accuracy to insure convergence of solution, by the Newton-Raphson method, of the nonlinear equations describing the equilibrium.Problems in treating multiple phaes of unknown stability and chemical species present in small amouts are handled by ignoring unstable phases and small quantitites in the direct minimization until the amounts of the major consitituents have been at least approximately determined. To accomplish this, species temporarily ignored are assigned a ficitious mol fraction so that their re-entry into the calculation can be established. Truncation errors in the direct minimziation can be tolerated because of the two-step method.Examples of some of the problems solved are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180209
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  • 200
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    Electronic Resource
    Mass transport and reaction in sulfonic acid resin catalyst: The dehydration of t-butyl alcohol (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of the dehydration of t-butyl alcohol to isobutylene were measured with a semibatch reactor containing liquid reactant and suspended particles of cation exchange resin catalyst [sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB)]. Effects on rate were determined for variations in temperature (58 to 76°C.), reactant water mole fraction (0.0005 to 0.10), and catalyst pacticle diameter (77 to 620 μ) and crosslinking (2 to 12% DVB).Nearly anhydrous t-butyl alcohol failed to penetrate the shrunken network of the polymer. Reaction ebgan only on particle peripheries, and product water penetrated the gel network and s welled it to allow penetration of the alcohol. Rate consequently increased to a maximum (about 0.5 moles/min. equivalent of catalyst —SO3H groups at 76°C.) and then decreased as water competed with reactant fro catalytic sites. A spherical catalyst particle is modeled as a shrinking cetrol core, free of reactant and water, and a swollen shell in which concent rations are independent of position and time. The model fits reaction rate and separate particle swelling data for 80 μ particles of catalyst containing 12% DVB, but it is increasingly inadequate for larger particles and catalysts of lower DVB contents.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180212
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